聚碳酸酯合金的研究现状及发展趋势

概述了PC／PO、PC／ABS、PC／LCP、PC／PET等合金的增容方法、增容机理、增容前后合金的结构与性能、不同PC合金性能的优缺点,讨论了PC合金化研究中存在的问题,指出了PC合金的发展趋势。     

聚碳酸酯共混物增容改性的研究

综述了近年来聚碳酸酯与丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物、聚酯、液晶高分子、聚酰胺和聚烯烃等共聚物的研究现状。采用官能团化大分子作为共混物的相容剂或者作为改性组分是聚碳酸酯共混物改性的主要发展方向，增容聚碳酸酯共混物的分散相尺寸变小、界面粘结加强，物理与力学性能改善。讨论了聚碳酸酯共混物中的增容机理。     

Effect of various added compatibilizers on the crystalline structure of polypropylene homopolymer/polybutylene terephthalate and polypropylene copolymer/polybutylene terephthalate polymer blends

Blends of semicrystalline isotactic polypropylene homopolymer and polypropylene copolymer with polybutylene terephthalate with different compatibilizers [i.e., styrene acrylonitrile, Surlyn, styrene–ethylene–butadiene styrene (SEBS), block copolymer and SEBS block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride] were prepared by melt blending. Wide angle‐X‐ray scattering patterns of injection moldings were obtained. The crystallinity index and d‐spacing were calculated with different concentrations of different compatibilizers. X‐ray results in the structural investigation of the compatibilized blends correlated well with the different compatibilizer concentrations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1190–1193, 2003     

Effects of mixing time on phase structure and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/ polycarbonate blends

The effects of interchange reactions on the solid‐state structure and mechanical properties of a 70/30 poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) blend were studied. Increasing reaction levels were obtained by means of lower screw speeds in the extruder. The progressive production of copolymers with the reaction time increased the amount of each component in the other phase. The concomitant degradation of PET led to a maximum in ductility and tensile and impact strengths whereas the modulus of elasticity and the yield stress were held constant. The maximum in properties took place at a reaction time close to 2.6 min; at longer reaction times the negative effect of degradation began to overcome the positive effect of the interchange reactions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 121–127, 2001     

Dielectric investigation of the molecular dynamics in blends: polymers with similar molecular architecture (TMPC/PC blend)

Broad band dielectric spectroscopy was used in the investigation of the molecular dynamics and compatibility of tetramethyl polycarbonate/polycarbonate (TMPC/PC) blends. Frequency scan measurements in the range 10^?2?10^?5 Hz were carried out in the temperature range 50–220°C for several blends with different compositions, namely, 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 87.5 and 100 wt% of TMPC. The results obtained show that these two polymers are ideally compatible over the entire composition range. The blends reveal only one common glass process. The dielectric relaxation strength and the common glass transition temperature, T_g, were found to vary linearly with composition. Moreover, it was found, surprisingly, that blending has no effect on the distribution of relaxation times of the common glass process of the blends. Furthermore, neither the kinetics (relaxation frequency at a certain temperature) nor the distribution of relaxation times of the local process were influenced by blending. It is concluded that the polymeric chains of the different components are not miscible on a segmental level although the blend exhibits only one glass transition temperature.     

Phase separation in polymer blends comprising copolymers: 4. Polycarbonate/polystyrene ABCP system

An AB-crosslinked copolymer (ABCP) with polycarbonate as A-chain and polystyrene as B-chain was prepared and characterized. A series of blends of the ABCP and homopolystyrene fractions with different molecular weights were prepared and examined by electron microscopy. The results show that the miscibility between the homopolymer and the like chains in the copolymer is limited even if the molecular weight of the former is much less than that of the latter. Considering the relatively large miscibility in diblock copolymer/homopolymer blends and the limited miscibility in ABCP/homopolymer-A blends reported in literature, this study leads to an argument that the molecular architecture of a copolymer is an important factor governing its miscibility with homopolymer. The relatively complicated architecture of ABCPs causing more restriction to the chain conformation might be one of the main reasons for its low miscibility with homopolymers.     

Effect of styrene–isopren–styrene addition on the recycled polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene polymer blends

Interfacial agents as compatibilizers have recently been introduced into polymer blends to improve microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics. In this way, it is possible to prepare a mixture of polymeric materials that can have superior mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. In this study, an incompatible blend of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Copolymer were made compatible by addition of 5, 10, and 20% Styrene–Isopren–Styrene Copolymer (SIS). The mixing operation was conducted using a twin‐screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, tensile and yield strengths, percentage elongation, hardness, melt flow index, Izod impact resistance, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point values of polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. It was found that addition of SIS to the structures decreased the tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, and hardness, whereas it increased Izod impact strength and percentage elongation values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 559–566, 2006     

聚碳酸酯二元醇及其在聚氨酯材料中的应用

本文论述了聚碳酸酯二元醇及聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯材料的发展概况，并分别简述了聚碳酸酯二元醇的合成方法、应用及聚碳酸酯型聚氨酯材料的性能与特点。     

聚碳酸酯的生产与应用

本文主要论述了聚碳酸酯的种类和聚碳酸酯的生产工艺技术进展。综述了聚碳酸酯合金以及聚碳酸酯的应用领域,并对我国的的聚碳酸酯工业的发展提出了几点建议。     

PET/PC blends: Effect of chain extender and impact strength modifier on their structure and properties

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) affects the morphology, rheological, mechanical, and relaxation properties, as well as tendency to crystallize of PET in PET/PC/(PP/EPDM) ternary blends produced by the reactive extrusion. Irrespective of the blend phase structure, the introduction of MDI increases the melt viscosity (MFI dropped), resulting from an increase in the molecular weight of the polymer chains; the PET crystallinity was also reduced. MDI favors compatibility of PET with PC in PET/PC/(PP/EPDM) blends. This is explained by intensified interphase interactions on the level of segments of macromolecules as well as monomer units. The presence of MDI causes a substantial rise in the dynamic shear modulus within the high‐elastic region of PET (for temperature range between T_g,PET and that of PET cold crystallization); the processes of PET cold crystallization and melt crystallization become retarded; the glass‐transition temperatures for PET and PC become closer to each other. MDI affects insignificantly the blend morphology or the character of interactions between the disperse PP/EPDM blend and PET/PC as a matrix. PP/EPDM reduces the intensity of interphase interactions in a PET/PC/(PP/EPDM), but a rise in the degree of material heterogeneity. MDI does not change the mechanism of impact break‐down in the ternary blends mentioned above. Increased impact strength of MDI‐modified materials can be explained by higher cohesive strength and resistance to shear flow at impact loading. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effect of a styrene–butadiene copolymer on the phase structure and impact strength of polyethylene/high‐impact polystyrene blends

The effect of a styrene–butadiene block copolymer on the phase structure and impact strength of high‐density and low‐density polyethylene/high‐impact polystyrene blends with various compositions was studied. For both the blends, the type of the phase structure was not affected by addition of a styrene–butadiene compatibilizer. The localization and structure of the compatibilizer in the blends were dependent on their composition. Addition of the compatibilizer improved impact strength of the blends in the whole concentration range. The improvement was the largest for blends with a low amount of the minor phase. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 570–580, 2001     

Stress–strain behavior and impact strength of polystyrene/polyamide-6 blends compatibilized with poly(styrene-g-ethylene oxide)

The mechanical properties of polystyrene/polyamide-6 (50/50 wt/wt) blends were improved by additions of small amounts of poly(styrene-g-ethylene oxide) (SEO) during compounding by extrusion. Tensile testing of injection-molded samples revealed that the blends developed a yield point after addition of 1 wt % SEO. The elongation at break increased by almost a factor of 6, and the impact strength increased by a factor of 1.5 after adding 3 wt % SEO. Morphological analysis by electron microscopy showed that additions of SEO resulted in decreased domain sizes, and seemed to promote interfacial adhesion. The morphologies of the compatibilized blends also had a higher degree of anisotropy, as compared with the uncompatibilized blend. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1887–1891, 1998     

聚碳酸酯微孔泡沫塑料及其基体材料的拉伸力学性能

针对几种不同密度的微孔碳酸酯泡沫塑料进行了拉伸实验，得到了其应力－应变曲线和主要的力学性能参数，同时，还对实体聚碳酸酯塑料和经气体过饱和处理的聚碳酸酯塑料进行了拉伸实验，得到了基体材料的力学性能参数，并讨论了气体过饱和处理对其体材料力学性能的影响。     

Thermal,morphological, and mechanical characteristics of polypropylene/polybutylene terephthalate blends with a liquid crystalline polymer or ionomer

Thermotropic side‐chain liquid crystalline polymer (SLCP) and corresponding side‐chain liquid crystalline ionomer (SLCI) containing sulfonate acid were used in the blends of polypropylene (PP) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) by melt‐mixing respectively, and thermal behavior, morphological, and mechanical properties of two series of blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, and tensile measurement. Compared with the immiscible phase behavior of PP/PBT/SLCP blends, SLCI containing sulfonate acid groups act as a physical compatibilizer along the interface and compatibilize PP/PBT blends. FTIR analyses identify specific intermolecular interaction between sulfonate acid groups and PBT, and then result in stronger interfacial adhesion between these phases and much finer dispersion of minor PBT phase in PP matrix. The mechanical property of the blend containing 4.0 wt % SLCI was better than that of the other blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4712–4719, 2006     

聚碳酸酯与聚乙烯的增容研究进展

介绍国内外聚碳酸酯(PC)与聚乙烯(PE)的增容研究进展。PC与PE共混体系的增容方法有接枝改性增容、辐射增容等共混组分的直接反应增容,以及加入PE接枝共聚物或其它共聚物的反应性增容剂增容。讨论了目前研究中存在的问题,并指出了增容PC与PE体系的发展趋势。     

Further studies of polycarbonate-poly(butylene terephthalate) blends

The mechanical properties (tensile strength, low temperature falling weight impact strength) of XENOY CL-100 (a blend of polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate) have been studied. This blend is comprised of tough components and the property combinations that result may be useful for certain applications. The hydrolysis resistance of the blend in deionised water at 40°C has been studied. After 30 weeks it did not lose its tensile strength, but subsequently it did lose 50% of the low temperature (?70°C) falling weight impact strength. If the ?70°C low temperature toughness is an important quality, this should be taken into account. However, the low temperature (?70°C) falling weight impact strength of pure polycarbonate and of pure poly(butylene terephthalate) is very low, whilst XENOY CL-100 is still tough material, even after 30 weeks immersion at 40°C. Further study of the composition of XENOY CL-100 showed that this blend is composed of polycarbonate. poly(butylene terephthalate) and crosslinked acrylic rubber; traces of titanium-catalyst residue for the poly(butylene terephthalate) polymeristaion and black dye have also been found.     

HNBR/EPDM blends: Covulcanization and compatibility

The covulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, compatibility, and hot‐air aging resistance of hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) blends cured with either sulfur or dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were studied. The difference between M_H and M_L (M_H ? M_L), rheometer graphs, selective swelling and a dynamic mechanical analysis of HNBR/EPDM blends confirmed that the peroxide curing system gives better covulcanization characteristics than the sulfur curing system and peroxide exhibited higher crosslink efficiency on EPDM while sulfur showed larger crosslink efficiency on HNBR. Dynamic mechanical analysis and morphology indicated that the compatibility between HNBR and EPDM is limited. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the sulfur‐cured blends are greater than those obtained with peroxide and increase with the HNBR fraction. The blends crosslinked with peroxide retain their tensile strength but not their elongation at break after hot air ageing better than blends vulcanized by sulfur. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

In situ polymer/polymer composites from poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyamide-6, and polyamide-66 blends

In situ reinforced binary and ternary polymer/polymer composites are obtained by the melt blending of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polyamide-6 (PA-6), and polyamide-66 (PA-66) in an extruder in the presence of a catalyst, followed by drawing of the extrudate and annealing of the drawn blends. The blends were studied by DSC, X-ray, SEM, and mechanical testing. After drawing, all the components were found to be oriented, forming microfibrils with diameters of about 1–2 μm. The chemical nature of the homopolymers affects the blends' morphologies; while the PA-66/PA-6 blend is homogeneous, phase separation is established in the case of PET/PA-6. The decrease in the enthalpy of melting of the blend components as well as the depression of their peaks of crystallization from the melt, compared to pure homopolymers, are indications that block copolymers have been formed via interchange reactions during the blending process. On the one hand, these copolymers improve the compatibility of the homopolymers, and on the other hand, they alter the chemical composition of the blends. After thermal treatment at 245°C, i.e., above the T_m of PA-6, the latter undergoes some disorientation, while PET and PA-66 retain their microfibrillar shape, and in this way, a compositelike structure is created. The presence of chemical bonds between the separate phases via copolymers favors the cocrystallization of PA-66 and PA-6 as well as the cooperative crystallization of PET, PA-6, and PA-66, both modes fostering improved compatibility (adhesion) of the blend components. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 723–737, 1998     

Effect of molecular structure of styrene–butadiene block copolymers on morphology,rheological properties,and impact strength of polystyrene/polyethylene blends

The effect of molecular structure of six model styrene–butadiene (SB) block copolymers with various number of blocks and two lengths of styrene blocks on morphology, rheological properties, and impact strength of polystyrene (PS)/high‐density polyethylene (PE) blends was studied. It was found that location of SB copolymers in the blends is determined by the length of styrene blocks. The length of styrene blocks has similar effects on impact strength and linear viscoelastic properties of the blends. On the other hand, the correlation was not found between the effects of a number of blocks on impact strength and linear viscoelastic properties of the blends. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2303–2309, 2003     

Miscibility and crystallisation behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends

Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends were produced in a twin-screw extruder with and without added transesterification catalyst, lanthanum acetyl acetonate. The miscibility of the blends was studied from their crystallisation behaviour and variation in glass transition temperature with composition using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and change in mechanical properties. The blends prepared without the catalyst showed completely immiscible over all compositions, while those prepared in the presence of the catalyst showed some limited miscible. The presence of PC inhibited the crystallisation of PET but this was much greater in the blends prepared in the presence of catalyst suggesting that some reaction had taken place between the two polyesters. The tensile properties showed little differences between the two types of blends.