基于小渡分析的超高压输电线路故障定位的研究

将小波变换对信号奇异性的检测功能和滤波特性应用到超高压输电线路的测距和选相中，将行波模分量和初始电流的工频段分量结合起来构造新的选相判据；利用线模、零模小波速换的模极大值与突变点的对应关系，确定故障初始行波到达线路两端的时刻来计算故障点的距离。大量EMTP的仿真结果表明：该方法具有选相准确、完全能消除接地电阻影响、定位精度高的特点，且基本不受故障类型、故障电压相角大小、故障位置的影响。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在T型输电线路故障定位中的应用

根据T型线路故障时各端测得的行波波头到达时刻来建立判别矩阵D,以此来判断故障支路。将单端与双端定位方法相结合,解决了T型线路交汇点附近(小于1 km)故障支路难以判断的问题。针对Hilbert-Huang变换过程中经验模式分解(EMD)处理数据时可能造成端点效应和模态混叠,提出使用白噪声聚类经验模型分解(EEMD)以及一种改进的EMD算法来代替,用分解前后信号的总能量来评估几种分解过程的准确性。定位结果表明EEMD以及改进的EMD算法在T型线路故障定位中的定位精度高于EMD算法,能满足定位的输电线路的定位精度要求。     

Discrete wavelet transform and support vector machine‐based parallel transmission line faults classification

This paper presents a scheme for classification of faults on double circuit parallel transmission lines using combination of discrete wavelet transform and support vector machine (SVM). Only one cycle post fault of the phase currents was employed to predict the fault type. Two features for each phase current were extracted using discrete wavelet transform. Thus, a total of 12 features were extracted for the six phase currents. The training data were collected, and SVM was employed to establish the fault classification unit. After that, the fault classification unit was tested for different fault states. The power system simulation was conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink program. The proposed technique took into account the mutual coupling between the parallel transmission lines and the randomness of the faults on transmission line considering time of occurrence, fault location, fault type, fault resistance, and loading conditions. The results show that the proposed technique can classify all the faults on the parallel transmission lines correctly. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

High‐impedance fault location using matching technique and wavelet transform for underground cable distribution network

Locating the faulty section of a high‐impedance fault (HIF) is quite challenging for the underground distribution network of a power system. The complexity of the distribution network, such as branches, nonhomogenous lines, and HIF, contributes to the difficulties in locating the faulty section. In this paper, the shortest distance (SD) technique and a database approach have been proposed to determine the faulty section. A multiresolution analysis based on discrete wavelet transforms is chosen to extract the unique features from voltage signals during the HIF event. The output coefficients from the decomposition process is stored in a database and used as the input data for the SD algorithm. The first, second, and third level of detailed coefficients of the post‐disturbance voltage signal were utilized for the identification of the faulty section using the proposed method. A ranking analysis was created to provide a number of possibilities of faulty section. In this paper, a 38‐node underground distribution network system in a national grid in Malaysia was modeled using the PSCAD software. The proposed method was able to successfully determine the faulty section. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于改进形态Haar小波在输电线路故障测距中的应用研究

提出将改进形态Haar小波（IMHW）用于输电线路行波测距中。从信号的时域上提取奇异点,能够较为快速和准确地定位奇异发生的时刻,适合应用于输电线路故障测距。大量ATP仿真结果表明采用基于IMHW变换的行波测距能够准确地提取行波信号的波头位置,具有较高的测距精度。IMHW变换主要是加减和取极值运算,与经典Mallat小波算法相比,该算法具有结构简单,算法量较小,易于工程实现的特点。     

输电线路行波故障定位技术发展及展望

输电线路是故障率最高的元件,准确的故障定位技术对于电力系统的安全可靠运行具有十分重要的作用。行波原理的故障定位技术的定位精度高,具有不受过渡电阻、线路结构不对称、线路走廊地形变化、电压和电流互感器的变换误差等因素影响的特点,且能够用于直流线路和串补电容线路。近年来行波故障定位技术在新原理的探索、行波信号的提取和分析等方面取得了长足进步,并将高速采样和存储技术应用于行波定位装置的开发。     

基于经验小波变换的混合输电线路单相接地故障测距

针对架空线-电缆混合输电线路波阻抗不连续而引起的频谱混叠现象严重的问题,提出了一种基于经验小波变换(EWT)的混合输电线路单相接地故障测距方法.首先利用EWT对故障产生的暂态零序电流行波分解得到低频分量.然后根据低频分量选线判据对混合输电线路进行故障选线,通过分析奇异性检测结果准确标定故障线路行波波头.最后配电网混合输...     

A novel discrete wavelet transform based on traveling wave technique for identifying the fault location for transmission network systems

This paper proposes a technique to identify fault location on transmission systems using discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs). Fault conditions are simulated using alternative transients program/electromagnetic transients program (ATP/EMTP) in order to obtain the current signals. Various cases based on Thailand electricity transmission systems are studied to verify the validity of the proposed technique. The comparisons among the maximum coefficients in first scale of all buses that can detect fault are performed to detect the faulty bus. The first peak time of positive sequence current obtained from the faulty bus is used as input data for the traveling wave equation. It is shown that the proposed technique gives satisfactory accuracy and is suitable for all types of fault occurring in different sections of transmission lines. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于小波变换和自相关分析的电力电缆故障测距

随着电力电缆应用的增多,对电缆故障测距的精度要求也不断提高。文中分析了行波法故障测距存在误差的原因,在此基础上引入小波变换和自相关分析。运用小波变换进行信号滤波和奇异性检测,运用自相关分析为前者提供约束条件,从而实现故障的自动精确测距,并给出了实现该程序的流程图。试验结果表明,此方法可取得较高的故障测距精度。     

基于小波变换与BP神经网络相结合的配电网单相接地故障定位方法

提出一种基于小波变换与BP神经网络相结合的方法来实现小电流接地系统单相接地故障定位。由于利用暂态故障电流和暂态母线电压的模极大值的实部和虚部作为BP神经网络的输入,提高了识别故障能力和可靠性,通过对BP神经网络的特别处理,大大地减小过渡电阻对故障定位的影响。仿真结果表明,该故障定位方法准确可靠。     

A fault location method using air‐gap fluxes of synchronous generator

This paper deals with an experimental investigation of a novel fault location method using air‐gap flux distributions of a synchronous generator connected to a power system. Air‐gap fluxes are the sum of field fluxes and armature reaction fluxes. Changes in armature current and field current at a fault contribute directly to the armature reaction fluxes and field fluxes, then resultant air‐gap fluxes. Therefore, air‐gap fluxes can be utilized to locate a fault. Wavelet analysis is applied to the induced voltages of search coils, which are wound around a stator tooth top for measurement of the air‐gap flux. It is shown that the fault type and location can be estimated based on the change in the search coil voltages measured during the fault. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(3): 20–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20707     

高压输电线路的双端电气量综合测距方法

给出了一种高压输电线路故障综合测距系统,综合了行波测距和基于线路集中参数、分布参数的常规测距方法,从而实现了故障的准确定位;利用小波来准确地检测波头到达时刻,提高测距精度;对行波测距中的不利因素进行了分析、改进,提出了在电压过零、行波测距不能正常启动时利用故障后的重合闸脉冲进行测距的方法,并利用EMTDC进行仿真计算,验证了其正确性和准确性。     

基于基频电气量的输电线路故障测距的滤波探讨

对于采用基频电气量进行输电线故障测距的方法,基频分量提取的精度与故障测距的精度有着直接的关系。本文总结了故障测距过程中遇到的问题及解决方法,通过对不同滤波器的性能的比较,发现故障测距中,滤波的作用非常大。测距结果表明,当电力系统中存在着大量的非周期分量和高次谐波时,只有当滤波的精度满足一定的要求后,故障测距的精度才能完全满足现场要求。     

基于脉冲发射原理的配电网故障定位方法的研究

在小波理论的基础上,提出了配电网行波故障定位方案。在故障相的线路首端发射脉冲信号,采集线路首端的行波信号,利用小波消噪原理对采集到的行波信号进行滤波,比较线路正常时的行波信号和线路故障时的行波信号,利用小波变换对信号奇异性的检测原理找出行波信号中的奇异点,得到故障距离。对结构简单的线路,在此基础上分析特征波即可准确定位;对结构复杂的线路,在确定故障距离的基础上,根据电网拓扑划定故障可能的几个分支。然后在线路首端注入电流,通过探测器检验几个分支上是否有电流流过,检测到电流的即为故障点所在的分支。详细分析了该行波定位方案在两次现场试验的应用结果,证明了该方案的可行性。     

基于小波变换的超高压输电线路暂态保护新原理

在分析电力系统故障时故障暂态电流特征的基础上,利用小波变换的奇异性理论构造新的保护算法.通过检测故障暂态电流的模分量小波变换的模极大值,利用最小二乘法估计其短时李氏指数.通过计算一段时间内李氏指数的平均值来区分区内和区外故障.通过大量ATP仿真证明,对各种故障情况该保护算法能准确可靠地区分.     

一种新的输电线路双端行波故障定位算法

针对单双端行波故障测距算法存在难以准确、便捷地识别故障行波波头等问题,提出了一种根据两测量点所测时间比例来计算故障距离的双端行波故障定位算法,将希尔伯特-黄变换和小波变换结合,利用高斯模型快速、准确地提取故障行波波头到达时刻,再结合已知定长计算故障距离。大量基于MATLAB/Simulink的仿真实验结果表明,该算法的相对定位误差不足1%,且不受故障距离、故障类型、故障电阻、故障初相角的影响,具有较好的适应性和实用价值。     

一种基于高频量衰减特性的特高压直流输电线路故障测距方法

直流输电线路故障时,高频故障暂态信号将沿线路向两端传播,线路对故障暂态信号高频分量有衰减作用。研究双极特高压直流输电线路频率特性,得到特高压直流输电线路对高频量有衰减作用,线路越长,衰减作用越剧烈的结论。研究基于高频量衰减特性的特高压直流输电线路单端故障测距原理,推导出故障点距测距装置安装点的距离公式,得到基于高频量衰减特性的特高压直流输电线路单端故障测距原理难以准确实现直流输电点线路故障测距的结论。研究基于高频量衰减特性的特高压直流输电线路双端故障测距原理,推导出故障点距测距装置安装点的距离公式,提出频带衰减概念,推导出基于频带衰减的故障距离计算公式。建立云广特高压直流输电系统实际参数仿真模型,对提出的基于高频量衰减特性的特高压直流输电线路双端故障测距原理进行仿真验证,仿真测距结果有较高的准确度。     

基于小波变换的T型线路故障测距新算法

针对当前多分支线路故障测距中方法较复杂,精确度不够高的不足,提出一种基于小波变换的T型输电线路精确故障定位算法。该算法利用电流行波到达T接线三端时间差与故障点距离T接线三端长度差的关系,只需初始行波电流信息即可确定故障支路,并对故障定位。在T节点附近不存在故障测距死区,且不受故障类型、分布电容、行波速度等因素的影响。大量Matlab仿真结果表明,该算法简单精确,能够满足故障定位的要求。     

基于小波变换的超高速行波保护和故障定位算法

提出了利用故障后产生的电流行波实现输电线路超高速保护和高精度故障定位的算法。借助于小波分析工具,将电流行波信号进行小波变换,通过分析线路两端电流行波初始波头模极大值的极性来判别区、内外故障;同时利用模极大值对应的时间差来实现故障距离的测定。论文详细分析了影响行波保护和故障定位的各种因素,提出了相应的应对措施。大量的PSCAD/EMTDC仿真结果表明,算法能够实现线路超高速保护和高精度故障定位双重功能。     

基于同步挤压小波变换的故障行波测距方法

针对输电线路故障行波波头识别困难、易产生频谱混叠的问题,提出一种基于同步挤压小波变换(SWT)的故障测距方法。利用SWT提取故障行波小波脊线,生成一组内蕴模态类函数分量(IMTs)。然后对IMTs进行Hilbert变换提取故障点特征量,进而标定首波头的到达时刻。最后根据双端测距原理计算出故障距离。与传统的希尔伯特_黄变换和小波变换相比,该方法实现了故障行波波头较高精度的识别和对频谱混叠的有效抑制,具有较高的测距精度,对噪声的鲁棒性更强。PSCAD仿真验证了该方法的有效性,且测距结果受故障距离和过渡电阻的影响较小。