基于法拉第电磁感应法的脉冲强磁场测量方法

由大电流对负载高压放电产生的脉冲强磁场磁场强度高,随时间变化剧烈。为解决测量系统不仅要有较宽的量程,还要有很快地响应速度的问题,研究了根据法拉第电磁感应定律,通过线圈感应电动势确定磁通量的变化,进而得到磁场的强度的测量方法。从线圈各匝间的绝缘和多次测量使用考虑,采用了单匝线圈作为测量元件,并通过良好的接地和屏蔽措施提高测量系统的稳定性和抗干扰能力。将磁场测量结果与通过电流计算的理论值比较,误差很小,这验证了方案的可行性。线圈制作简单,只要解决好屏蔽问题,就可以作为一种测量强磁场的有效手段。     

耦合电路法推导异步电动机电动势平衡方程式

在各种关于电机学的教材中,变压器、直流电动机、异步电动机、无阻尼绕组凸极同步电机这四大类电机的稳态电动势方程式部是根据合成磁场理沦的推导而来,而动态过程则适合采用电工理论中的耦合电路方法进行分析。实际上通过耦合电路法同样可以推导出上述四类电机的电动势平衡方程。详解了推导过程,所得到的结果与用合成磁场建立的电压方程一致。     

不同工况下同步调相机定位筋磁场及感应电动势分析

随着高压直流输电系统对无功补偿设备快速响应能力和设备容量需求的不断加大,大容量新型同步调相机逐渐得到广泛应用。随着容量的增加,同步调相机端部漏磁大大增加。定位筋中的漏磁场中主要为轴向磁密分量,该磁场随着定子电流的交变呈现旋转效应,因此易在定子铁芯定位筋中产生较大的感应电动势,导致放电风险增大,从而降低同步调相机的使用寿命。本文建立了同步调相机端部的三维有限元模型,计算了同步调相机在空载、额定负载和失磁情况下定位筋中的磁密分布,并对比分析了其中的感应电动势大小,为进一步评估定位筋放电风险提供了理论基础。     

Protection of a Single-Phase Transformer from Interwinding Failure in Windings of Integral Magnetic Transformers

A simple means of protection of a powerful single-phase transformer with integral magnetic transformers has been suggested. The protection has a high sensitivity to the interwinding failure and is based on the measurements of unsymmetry of the leakage magnetic fluxes of transformer windings. This magnetic unsymmetry is determined by the difference of electromotive forces of windings of two magnetic transformers placed symmetrically with respect to the symmetry plane of the protected transformer. It has been suggested to produce the magnetic transformers in the form of a single-layer winding with an alternating pitch, which is wound around a textolite round or rectangular body. The length of a magnetic transformer is taken to be equal to the length of a magnetic core, which allows one to provide independence of protection sensitivity on the location of closed turns on the transformer rod. To measure the difference of the emf of magnetic transformers, the circuit of comparison with a responsive element in the form of a TT-40/0.2 or RT1-P/0.15 current relay has been used. Methods to determine a trigger threshold and sensitivity of the protection to interwinding failure as well as to ironwork failure have been suggested.     

The Use of Permanent-Magnet Machines in Ship Electrical Systems

Ships are autonomous objects in which the capacity of the power plant and volume of available space are limited. Permanent-magnet machines with the maximum coefficient of efficiency and minimum mass and dimensions can be widely used on the ships, first of all, in high-power ship systems—generator sets, propulsion systems, and thrusters. However, there is a danger of fire during interturn faults in the stator winding in permanent-magnet machines. If such a fault occurs in the standard operating mode, then, when the rotor turns by inertia or, under the action of slowing water flow, moves to the propeller in the closed circuit of the stator winding, an electromotive force will be induced since the magnetic field of the rotor remains. This electromotive force will produce a current in the closed circuit, and a large amount of heat will be released in the winding-fault area, which can lead to a fire on the ship. This article considers a method of “damping” of the magnetic field in the rotor in an emergency situation. In this method, the magnetic system of the rotor is made of two parts, one of which is fixed on the rotor, while the second is installed on the rotary sleeve. In the normal condition of the machines, the angular positions of the analogous poles fixed on the rotor and installed on the rotary sleeve coincide. In the emergency condition of the machine, the sleeve turns so that the angular positions of the opposite poles of the rotor and sleeve coincide. As a result, the induction of the magnetic field in the gap and the electromotive force in the stator windings in the emergency condition of the machine will be close to zero.     

多级电磁感应线圈炮的级间耦合特性

多级电磁感应线圈炮在发射过程中,前面各级驱动线圈放电产生的磁场和电枢自身感应电流产生的磁场都会耦合进入下一级驱动线圈,对驱动线圈的加速性能产生影响。基于多级感应线圈炮等效电路模型,建立了带有续流二极管的多级感应线圈炮数学模型,得到了其推力方程和运动方程。基于电磁感应定律,分析了2种耦合因素作用时下一级驱动线圈中感应电动势和感应电流的变化。基于场路耦合,对多级感应线圈炮进行了仿真,得到了不同情况下的耦合特性。研究结果表明:多级线圈发射中存在耦合效应;根据耦合磁通的不同,后面各级驱动线圈上会产生正向或反向串联的电动势;正向串联电动势有利于线圈炮的加速。     

外磁场对罗氏线圈的影响分析及验证方法

针对实际电流互感器工作环境,不存在均匀的外界磁场,提出一种分析外界非均匀磁场对罗氏线圈的干扰的新方法.根据相邻电力线在线圈远近两侧产生的感应磁场方向,将其分成两部分,分别分析,并求出产生总的感应电动势恒为零.从而得出在罗氏线圈截面积和匝数密度均匀的条件下,非均匀磁场不会对罗氏线圈产生干扰.针对于干扰情况文中提出两种改进...     

基于电势法求解稀土永磁电机的同步电抗

本文运用有限元方法分析一台800W稀土永磁同步电动机内部电磁场的分布情况,并在传统的计算电枢反应电抗的基础上提出了一种基于电势平衡方程式的计算方法,本文称之为"电势法".文章还运用直接负载法测定出样机在不同负载下的同步电抗参数,验证了"电势法"的正确性.     

雷击风力发电机塔筒的电磁干扰分析

为了研究风电机组内电子设备所受到的雷电电磁干扰,采用有限元数值分析软件（ANSYS）对风力发电机的塔筒进行建模,通过对雷击塔筒时产生的电场和磁场进行计算,得到整个风力发电机塔筒部分的电磁场分布规律及各处所产生的磁感应强度;在该计算的基础上,根据法拉第电磁感应方程计算出塔内空间任意回路中的感应电动势,找到了影响其大小的因素,并提出了相应的防护措施。经过分析得到的结论是：雷击塔筒顶部时塔顶和塔底产生的磁场较大;塔筒内空间所产生的磁场强度是由中心向塔筒壁不断增大;塔筒内部空间的导体回路所感应出的电动势大小由距干扰源距离和回路面积决定,其中,面积因素起主导作用。因此,可为塔内电子系统的防雷设计提供依据。     

直流电缆上交流分量的计算及其屏蔽

交直流电缆并行敷设时,交流电缆会在直流电缆上产生感应电动势,进而产生工频电流分量.为此,针对上海柔性直流输电工程中可能的几种敷设方式下,对交流电缆在直流电缆上的感应电动势进行了计算,并且实测了不同接地方式下直流电缆金属屏蔽层对交流分量的屏蔽系数.计算结果表明,不同的敷设方式下交流电缆在直流电缆上产生的纵向感应电动势不同,三相交流电缆对直流电缆电磁耦合距离的不同是产生纵向感应电动势的根本原因;计算结果还发现在三相交流电缆与直流电缆耦合距离越远,所产生的纵向感应电动势越小;在4种敷设方式下,耦合距离超过2m后纵向感应电动势趋近于0.最后,还给出了实际工程中考虑屏蔽效应的直流电缆上感应电动势的计算方法,并且提出了屏蔽直流电缆上交流分量的方法.     

Magnetic circuit design method for magnetic force control systems using inverse magnetostrictive effect: Examination of energy conversion efficiency depending on ΔE effect

A new magnetic force control method using giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) was proposed and its feasibility was confirmed in earlier studies by the authors. This new method is based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect and the magnetic force is controlled by changing the stress or strain in the magnetostrictive material. This method is expected to have lower heat generation and higher energy conversion efficiency compared to traditional methods, since a constant magnetic force can be maintained by merely applying a constant stress. In this study, the energy conversion efficiency of this method is investigated experimentally using a universal test machine. The input elastic energy was calculated from the stress‐strain loading curve and the converted magnetic energy was estimated from the generated magnetic field. Since the elastic energy is strongly dependent on the history of the strain‐stress loading curve, and the loading curve is affected by the applied magnetic field in the magnetostrictive material, it is important to optimize the bias magnetic field for maximum energy conversion efficiency. The relationships between the elastic modulus and the magnetic field were measured experimentally and the results show that the bias magnetic field must be carefully chosen to obtain high efficiency of energy conversion. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(1): 8–15, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10026     

直线永磁往复式发电机的磁场和电磁力的有限元分析

介绍了一种直线永磁往复式发电机的结构及其工作原理,并采用有限元法对永磁体不同位置的磁场进行了分析,阐述了磁场的分布状况,计算得到空载电动势和负载电磁力,并把计算结果与测试值做了误差分析.通过分析可知,计算结果和测试值基本一致.     

基于dSPACE无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制的研究

针对无刷直流电机梯形反电动势波形的特点,采用一种可保证无刷直流电机在最大转矩安培比条件下大范围运行的控制方法———3次谐波法,实现了无刷直流电机无位置传感器的控制。仿真和实验结果证明了其良好的控制性能。     

Principle and basic characteristics of linear synchronous motor with half‐wave rectified self excitation

This paper presents the principle and basic characteristics of a novel linear synchronous motor based on “half‐wave rectified self excitation principle.” The field winding is short circuited through a diode and the armature winding consists of conventional three‐phase windings. If the amplitude of the balance three‐phase currents is modulated by an alternating wave with bias frequency, the produced magnetomotive force pulsates at the bias frequency and moves at the synchronous velocity. This pulsating magnetomotive force induces the electromotive force with a bias frequency in the field winding. The field excitation is obtained by rectifying the electromotive force with the diode in the field winding. In this paper, the authors design and build an experimental machine and confirm its basic characteristics. They also deduce the performance equations and investigate the thrust ripple reduction. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 82–90, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www. interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20684     

基于磁齿轮调制的复合电机有限元分析

为了降低机械损耗,获得高转矩密度电机,研究了一种磁齿轮复合电机,该电机充分利用磁场调制型磁齿轮内部空间,将磁场调制型磁齿轮和永磁电机复合在一起。利用有限元软件建立磁齿轮复合电机二维有限元模型,分析了电机磁力线分布、气隙磁密及对应的傅里叶分析、感应电动势、稳态运行转矩、齿槽转矩等特性。仿真结果表明,此类复合电机磁力线分布均匀,气隙磁密对应的最大谐波次数符合设计要求,三相反电动势对称性好,内外转子转矩比与传动比一致,齿槽转矩较小。与传统永磁电机相比此类电机有很好的转矩传输比和较高的转矩密度,具有很好的应用前景。     

横向磁通电机的三维磁场分析与计算

采用ANSYS有限元软件对横向磁通电机进行了三维磁场分析与计算,模拟了横向磁通电机定子铁心与磁体在不同相对位置下的磁密分布,找出了电机空载时定子轭部磁密的变化,求出了电机空载反电势,并绘制了相应的曲线,为横向磁通电机的优化设计奠定了基础。     

基于有限元法的双馈风力发电机电磁场计算与分析

基于ANSYS有限元分析平台建立了新疆某风电场1.5 MW双馈风力发电机(double-fed induction generator,DFIG)的2维电磁场模型。基于有限元法对双馈发电机正常运行工况、单相接地短路、两相稳态短路时磁力线分布和气隙磁密分布进行了计算,分析了不对称短路故障对双馈发电机的影响。结果表明:在发生不对称短路故障时,双馈风力发电机的气隙磁场明显畸变,漏磁增多,其附加铁耗及定子表面铁耗显著增加;发生单相接地短路故障时的上述损耗均比两相短路故障时大;在发电机中感生的谐波电动势会引起发电机机械振动和噪声。     

自适应变步长BP算法及转速辨识控制

基于反电动势估算的ANN速度辨识模型,采用转子磁场定向的矢量控制方法,构建了一个无速度传感器异步电机调速系统。在保证反电动势误差函数能量最小的前提下,提出了自适应变步长BP算法,加快了收敛速度,缩短了调节时间。系统实验结果表明:速度辨识精度高,系统稳定性好,且具有良好的静、动态性能。     

Causes and characteristics of the electromagnetic vibration of a capacitor motor under load

Capacitor motors (CRMs) are widely used to drive industrial equipment and home electric appliances. Recently, reduction of the vibration and noise of CRMs has become increasingly important from the standpoint of environmental improvement. However, electromagnetic vibration of CRMs under load has not been sufficiently analyzed. The present paper theoretically and experimentally discusses the causes and characteristics of CRM electromagnetic vibration under load. The primary conclusions are as follows:

• (1) The general formula for the dominant electromagnetic vibration caused by electromagnetic force waves was derived, including the influences not only of a backward magnetic field but also of magnetic saturation.
• (2) The dominant electromagnetic vibration of CRMs is theoretically attributed to three types of electromagnetic force waves. Two types of electromagnetic force wave are generated by the interaction of two forward magnetic fluxes, such as those of a three‐phase squirrel‐cage induction motor, and the other type of electromagnetic force wave is generated under the influence of a backward magnetic flux.
• (3) The characteristics of the dominant electromagnetic vibration depending on the load and the running capacitance are subdivided theoretically and experimentally into three types based on the characteristics of the electromagnetic force wave and the equivalent circuit current.
• (4) The influences of magnetic saturation in dominant electromagnetic vibration have been verified experimentally and their causes have been clarified theoretically in relation to electromagnetic force waves. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 153(4): 68–76, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20129

     

磁悬浮列车中直线发电机感应电动势的计算

对磁悬浮列车中，利用气隙磁场的一阶、二阶齿谐波发电的直线发电机进行了理论分析，导出了直线发电机电枢绕组在两种连接方案下感应电动势瞬时值表达式，继而导出了满足一阶齿谐波感应电动势同相位的条件，为磁悬浮列车中的直线发电机的设计提供了理论依据。