超磁致式高速开关阀的研究与设计

开发了一种新型的高速开关阀，其切换速度与开口位移有显著提高。与压电晶体式高速开关阀比较，该阀不仅能够获得较大的输出流量，而且耗电功率也大幅度降低，其应用前途可观。     

一种新型压电驱动开关阀的理论设计

数字液压在节能、可靠性、控制性能等方面较传统液压控制方法有巨大优势,高速开关阀作为数字液压中的关键部件,其研究近年来得到重视。设计了一种新型压电驱动开关阀,采用基于三角放大原理的滚针结构,对压电材料的输出位移进行放大,用于阀芯驱动。由于位移放大机构会导致输出力相应减小,传动后的驱动力难以克服静态液压力,设计了等径分离的阀芯结构来平衡液压力。理论分析和仿真结果表明,压电放大机构满足设计阀芯行程要求,且阀芯结构能有效减少静态液压力,符合提出的期望参数。     

新型压电叠堆式射流管伺服阀前置级设计及性能分析

针对当前航空工业对高频响、高精度的伺服阀需求,设计1款压电叠堆式射流管伺服阀并对压电驱动器的特性进行分析;将其与传统的电磁式射流管伺服阀的前置级进行对比,得出将压电叠堆作为前置级的伺服阀具有响应快、频响高、输出力大的优点,但存在输出位移小的缺点;针对其不足,将桥式放大机构应用到压电驱动器上,增大输出位移,提高控制精度,最终得到的压电驱动器满足射流管伺服阀的前置级使用要求。     

一种大流量高速开关阀的研究与设计

介绍了一种新型的大流量高速开关阀,它采用二级控制,先导阀采用特殊心结构,并以超磁致伸缩驱动器作为电-机转换装置,大大提高了阀的切换速度及开关频率;主阀采用球阀结构,密封性好,响应速度快。试验结果表明,该阀切换时间为8～10 ms,最大输出流量达到120 L/min。与压电晶体式高速开关阀比较,能够获得更大的输出流量,而耗电功率却大大降低,是一种很有前途的高速开关阀。     

积层式压电驱动器的有限元建模分析

该文利用有限元分析法对直动式压电伺服阀驱动元件-积层式压电驱动器的静、动态特性进行了深入的分析,建立了积层式压电驱动器多层压电结构的有限元模型,得到静态与动态工作的分析结果。理论分析的结果表明,积层式压电驱动器具有较大的输出位移与输出力,以及具有良好的动态响应特性,由其构造压电伺服阀,不会限制系统的频宽,结合合理的放大机构与阀体结构,有望达到高速、精密的伺服控制。     

液压管路脉动主动控制的消振阀的设计

液压管路脉动主动控制方法由于其强自适应能力和较好的脉动削减效果而越来越受到重视,针对基于旁路溢流原理的脉动主动控制理论中对消振阀的性能要求,设计了锥阀结构的高频响压电直驱式节流阀,利用压电陶瓷的高频响、高输出力特性,并采用环形压电叠堆来优化阀的结构尺寸。建立了压电直驱式节流阀的数学模型,通过理论计算和仿真分析得到,该压电式节流阀从阀芯位移量、响应频率、流量特性角度都能满足脉动主动控制对消振阀的要求。     

金属橡胶高压精密流量阀流场分析

为确保阀出口处输出流量和压力的稳定性,提出了采用压电陶瓷和金属橡胶两种材料设计的一种金属橡胶高压精密流量阀,利用压电陶瓷驱动流量阀的主阀芯实现对阀芯与阀体开口间位移的精密控制,利用金属橡胶材料的多孔性以及减压、节流和过滤等特点实现对阀出口处流体脉动的平纹波处理。运用Fluent仿真分析了阀出口处的平纹波特性和金属橡胶参数对阀腔内流体湍动能分布的影响规律。分析结果表明:在阀进、出口处安装金属橡胶环后,阀出口处流体速度变化平缓、方向趋于一致,流动更为平缓,一定程度上确保了阀输出流量和压力的稳定性;阀腔内流体的湍动能明显减小,阀腔内的流场更趋于平稳,从而提高了阀的使用寿命和启闭可靠性。     

压电式喷射点胶阀位移放大机构的优化设计

采用有限元软件ANSYS对叠堆式压电陶瓷以及放大机构性能特性进行分析,研究了叠堆式压电陶瓷0-200V电压下的伸长特性;建立了放大机构的参数化模型,重点分析了放大机构位移输出特性,讨论了影响输出位移大小的各个结构参数。研究表明,三角块长度L0和压电陶瓷间距t对放大机构输出位移影响较大,是放大机构的主要参数。为点胶阀位移放大机构结构设计和优化提供了参考。     

机电液集成控制的数字液压缸研究

提出一种新型数字液压缸系统,它将油缸、控制阀组和反馈机构集于一体,以高速开关阀作为逻辑锥阀的先导阀,由滚珠丝杠组和编码器构成的反馈机构实时反馈活塞的位移和速度,通过控制器产生PWM信号控制高速开关阀的输出,对锥阀输出流量比例调节,从而实现液压缸活塞位移和速度的数字控制.     

压电驱动微型精密夹持机构设计与实验研究

为了简化压电精密夹持机构的结构以及降低其加工制造难度,提出了一种基于柔性铰链和两夹持臂的压电微型精密夹持机构,并分析了该夹持机构的工作原理。利用压电材料的非线性应变关系建立了压电精密夹持机构的输出位移和受力模型,通过数值仿真分析了精密夹持机构的输出特性。搭建了实验平台,通过实验测试验证了压电精密夹持机构的输出性能以及理论模型的正确性。结果表明：两夹持臂的实验与仿真位移均存在迟滞现象,在120 V驱动电压下,两夹持臂的最大径向位移测试值分别为73.8 μm和68.6 μm;当驱动电压大于50 V时,夹持臂输出位移测试值与仿真值间的误差在10%以内;当驱动电压为120 V时,夹持机构最大切向和轴向摩擦夹持力的实验值分别为7.8 N和5.7 N。     

Theory and Experimental Verification on Cymbal-shaped Slotted Valve Piezoelectric Pump

Valve piezoelectric pumps usually have larger flow rate than that of valveless ones. However, the traditional cantilever valve easily induces stress concentration which impacts the reliability of pumps. Therefore, a cymbal-shaped slotted check valve is proposed to be applied in a piezoelectric pump in order to reduce the stress concentration of the valve and thus improve the reliability of the piezoelectric pump. The structure and working principle of the piezoelectric pump are analyzed; the stress analysis of the cymbal-shaped slotted valve diaphragm is conducted. In addition, finite element software is employed to analyze the difference of the Von-Mises stress between the cymbal-shaped slotted diaphragm and the slotted flat diaphragm. The simulation results show that, the Von-Mises stress of cymbal-shaped slotted diaphragm is smaller than that of the slotted flat one. Furthermore, the cymbal-shaped slotted valve piezoelectric pump is also fabricated, and flow rate experiment is performed. The experimental results indicate that the flow rate of piezoelectric pump working in low frequencies(0 Hz f 50 Hz) is larger than that working in high frequencies(200 Hz f 2000 Hz). When driven at voltage of 160 V and frequency of 5 Hz, the pump reaches its maximum flow rate of 6.6 g/min. The experimental results validate the feasibility of the cymbal-shaped slotted check valve. This research can effectively solve the problem of stress concentration of valve piezoelectric pumps and is helpful for improving the reliability of them.     

螺旋线形阀压电泵的理论与试验研究*

有阀压电泵在精细化工、MEMS、生物医学工程等领域具有重大应用前景。为了克服有阀压电泵结构复杂、跟从与截止性差、成本高等缺点,设计一种异形拟悬臂梁结构的螺旋线形弹性固支阀,其螺旋臂长是简单悬臂梁阀的数倍,工作时开启度大,且因其螺旋线形弹性结构,阀体不仅可以上下回位,左右也具有对中功能,并把这种阀安装在有阀压电泵的泵腔内形成螺旋线形阀压电泵。在深入分析有阀压电泵优缺点的基础上分析螺旋线形阀压电泵的工作原理,依照泵内部能量传递的路径建立压电驱动(电压、频率)为输入与泵流动(流量、压差)为输出之间的关系式,加工试验样机,并进行性能测试试验,螺旋线形阀压电泵具有泵功能,证明了其有效性和理论分析的正确性。试验结果表明：随着驱动电压的增大,泵的输出流量和压差呈上升趋势,这个结果与Matlab数值仿真计算结果趋势一致。在电压为220 V、频率为30 Hz时,得到仿真流量41.26 mL/min,实际试验流量为10.2 mL/min,误差75.3%;在电压为220 V、频率为20 Hz时,得到仿真流量27.51 mL/min,实际试验流量为22.8 mL/min,误差17.2%。     

Novel piezoelectric pump with “E”-shaped valve found from sub-experiments

Increasing the driving frequency of a piezoelectric vibrator can resolve the bottleneck of low flow in a valve piezoelectric pump. However, a piezoelectric pump of a traditional valve body presents the hysteretic nature of the valve, and macroscopic performance is up-frequency to flow-sharply. This research is to settle the bottleneck mentioned above. First, through the sub-experiment on various parameters of the plate valve of a piezoelectric pump, the reasons why a valve body itself can influence “up-frequency to flow-sharply”, which causes the hysteretic nature of the valve, were discovered. Second, an “E”-shaped valve and piezoelectric pump with an “E”-shaped valve (PPEV) were invented. Finally, the efficiency of PPEV has been proved helpful to reduce hysteretic nature in experiments. Under the similar conditions, compared with traditional pumps, the driving frequency of novel PPEV can be more than 10 times high, and the flow rate also can be several times high.     

Novel piezoelectric pump with “E”-shaped valve found from sub-experiments

Increasing the driving frequency of a piezoelectric vibrator can resolve the bottleneck of low flow in a valve piezoelectric pump. However, a piezoelectric pump of a traditional valve body presents the hysteretic nature of the valve, and macroscopic performance is up-frequency to flow-sharply. This research is to settle the bottleneck mentioned above. First, through the sub-experiment on various parameters of the plate valve of a piezoelectric pump, the reasons why a valve body itself can influence “up-frequency to flow-sharply”, which causes the hysteretic nature of the valve, were discovered. Second, an “E”-shaped valve and piezoelectric pump with an “E”-shaped valve (PPEV) were invented. Finally, the efficiency of PPEV has been proved helpful to reduce hysteretic nature in experiments. Under the similar conditions, compared with traditional pumps, the driving frequency of novel PPEV can be more than 10 times high, and the flow rate also can be several times high.     

基于AMESim的压电式水压伺服阀的研究

首先对水压伺服阀的智能驱动器压电驱动器作了介绍,建立压电驱动器的数学模型,并在Simulink中建立仿真模型,分析其动态响应性能;然后设计一种压电式水压伺服阀,在AMESim中建立其模型,并进行了仿真分析。     

Fluid-dynamic analysis and multi-objective design optimization of piezoelectric servo valves

This paper proposes an effective methodology for the fluid-dynamic design optimization of the main spool of a piezoelectric servo valve. The aim is to improve global performances of the piezoelectric servo valve by reducing the flow force acting on the main spool and the mass of the main spool. The main disturbance forces acting the main spool were analyzed. The steady-state flow force acting on the main spool was derived and the relationship between the flow force and the design parameters of the main spool was established. The design problem of the main spool was formulated mathematically as a multi-objective optimization problem. The minimum steady-state flow force and the minimum mass of main spool were considered as optimization objectives. The elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions was calculated. The optimized results were analyzed and the final design parameters of the main spool were selected for the simulation analysis and experimental research. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to calculate the forces acting on the main spool. Simulation results show the flow force acting on the optimized main spool is significantly reduced. The unoptimized and optimized main spools were machined and experimental study was performed. Results show that the piezoelectric servo valve equipped with the optimized main spool has better response performance and dynamic bandwidth. The dynamic bandwidth is measured to 172 Hz under the amplitude attenuation of −3 dB. Compared with the piezoelectric servo valve with unoptimized main spool, the dynamic bandwidth of the piezoelectric servo valve with optimized main spool is increased by 26%.     

Integrated nozzle - flapper valve with piezoelectric actuator and isothermal chamber: a feedback linearization multi control device

This paper introduces a new nozzle-flapper valve with isothermal chamber using piezoelectric actuator. It controls the pressure and flow rate simply, effectively and separately. The proposed valve uses isothermal chamber presenting practical isothermal condition due to its large heat transfer interfaces filled by metal wool. The valve uses stacked type piezoelectric actuator with unique advantages. By using this valve, a simple method has been fulfilled to control flow rate or pressure of ideal gases in a pneumatic actuators. Experimental results demonstrated applications of the proposed valve to control either pressure or flow rate in pneumatic circuits. This valve can be also used in the pilot stage valve to actuate the main stage of a much bigger pneumatic valve. Designated structure contains only one pressure sensor installed on the isothermal control chamber, capable of controlling both pressure and flow rate. The desired output mass flow rate of the valve is controlled by the pressure changes during positioning of piezoelectric actuator at proper position. The proposed valve can control steady and unsteady oscillatory flow rate and pressure effectively, using nonlinear control method such as feedback linearization approach. Its effectiveness is demonstrated and validated through simulation and experiments.

     

钹型开槽式阀压电泵的设计

由于有阀压电泵内部阀体所受应力过大易导致阀体失效,本文提出了钹型开槽式截止阀来减小有阀压电泵内部阀体所受应力。基于钹型开槽式截止阀设计了有阀压电泵,分析了钹型开槽式阀压电泵的工作原理。对钹型开槽膜片进行了受力分析,研究了该压电泵的输出性能及耦合作用下的膜片应力。加工制作了钹型开槽式阀压电泵样机,建立了钹型开槽式阀压电泵的有限元模型,数值计算了流固耦合作用下的阀体应力值。计算结果表明:在压电泵正常输出的驱动频率范围内,当驱动频率为418Hz时,膜片所受应力的计算值也达到最大,为81.74 MPa。最后,进行了压电泵性能试验。试验结果显示:该压电泵的输出流量最大值和振子振幅最大值均出现在低频段;当驱动电压为160V,驱动频率为5Hz时,输出流量达到最大,为6.6g/min;驱动频率为4Hz时,压电振子振幅达到最大,为165.8μm。文中的研究验证了钹型开槽式阀体压电泵的有效性,并得出当钹型开槽式阀压电泵工作在低频段时,阀门所受应力远小于高频段时阀门的应力值。     

水液压节流阀流场仿真及与AMESim仿真的比较分析

为了对纯水液压节流阀的流场特性进行分析,建立了节流阀流道内流场的Fluent模型,仿真分析得到了流道内流场的速度、压力等物流量的分布。结果表明,阀腔内会产生回流和漩涡,随着阀口开度的改变,漩涡强度也会发生变化,流量与阀口开度呈一定的线性关系。通过与AMESim仿真结果进行比较,验证压电驱动节流阀仿真模型的准确性,为节流阀的设计和性能优化提供了依据。     

新型直动式压电伺服阀

提出一种新型压电驱动单级电液伺服阀,其特点是可以提供比传统电磁式电液伺服阀更高的频宽与分辨率,而且结构紧凑、抗污染能力强。该阀采用大行程的压电叠堆(积层式压电驱动器)作为驱动元件直接驱动滑阀,通过基于弹性变形原理的弹性板机构,结合电阻应变式微位移传感器,实现机构及检测一体化。应用有限元法对弹性板机构进行分析优化,试制了直动式压电伺服阀样机并对样机进行了试验研究,得出该阀的频宽约为1 kHz。新型伺服阀可以应用于振动试验台、疲劳试验台及需要快速反应的流体控制系统中,提高系统的响应特性。