铜与铝异质搅拌摩擦焊的工艺研究

采用不同的工艺参数对3 mm厚的T2纯铜板材与5383铝合金板材进行了对接搅拌摩擦焊试验,并对焊接接头的显微组织、拉伸性能和耐腐蚀性能进行了测试与对比分析。结果表明,选择适当的工艺参数,可以实现T2纯铜板材与5383铝合金板材的对接搅拌摩擦焊,搅拌头旋转速度、焊接速度和轴肩压力都会影响接头的拉伸性能和耐腐蚀性能,其优选的工艺参数为:搅拌头旋转速度ω=950 r/min、焊接速度v=140 mm/min、ω/v=6.79、轴肩压力P=8 kN。     

旋转速度对汽车用5052铝合金板材高速搅拌摩擦焊接接头组织及性能的影响

高速搅拌摩擦焊是铝合金板材在汽车领域大规模应用的保障。采用五种不同的旋转速度进行了焊接速度恒定为3 000 mm/min的汽车用5052铝合金板材高速搅拌摩擦焊试验,并对焊接接头的显微组织与拉伸性能进行了测试与分析。结果表明,当旋转速度为300 r/min和900 r/min时,接头存在孔洞缺陷,接头系数低于70%;当旋转速度在500 r/min~700 r/min之间时接头无缺陷,接头系数高于85%;当旋转速度为500 r/min时,接头系数最大,为96.1%。旋转速度优选为500 r/min。     

7B04高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头界面成形与力学性能

为了研究7B04高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的界面成形与力学性能,对2 mm厚薄板搭接接头进行了不同工艺参数的搅拌摩擦焊接。试验结果表明:当旋转速度和轴肩下压量不变,焊接速度在50~300 mm/min之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度先增后减;当旋转速度和焊接速度不变,轴肩下压量在0.1~0.4 mm之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度逐渐增大;当焊接速度和轴肩下压量不变,旋转速度在400~1000 r/min之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度先增后减。当旋转速度为600 r/min、焊接速度为200 mm/min、轴肩下压量为0.3 mm时,接头强度最高。     

搅拌头旋转速度对2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头腐蚀行为的影响

在不同的搅拌头旋转速度v(400r/min、600r/min、800r/min、900r/min)下搅拌摩擦焊接2024-T3铝合金,研究了搅拌摩擦焊接接头的力学性能和电化学腐蚀行为.研究结果表明:当v=600 r/min时,焊接接头具有最佳的力学性能,焊核区和热影响区均呈现最高的腐蚀电位和最低的腐蚀电流密度,表明v=...     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

对厚度6 mm的6061铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊对接焊,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验机及电化学工作站等设备对焊接接头的金相组织、断口形貌、拉伸性能和腐蚀性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,当焊接速度为80 mm/min、旋转速度在600～1 500 r/min之间时,焊接接头的外观良好,无明显缺陷。随着旋转速度的增加,焊核区晶粒呈现出先减小后增大的现象。当旋转速度为1 200 r/min时,焊核区的晶粒最细小,焊接接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率最高,分别为168 MPa和14.7%,焊缝强度达到了母材的81.9%,焊接接头的断裂形式为以韧性断裂为主的韧-脆混合断裂模式。随着旋转速度增大,搅拌摩擦焊接头的耐腐蚀性能呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当搅拌头旋转速度为1 200 r/min时,焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能最好,其腐蚀电流密度最小为2.4×10-5 A/cm2。创新点： 研究了旋转速度焊接工艺参数与搅拌摩擦焊焊接头耐腐蚀性能之间的关系。     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能研究

利用搅拌摩擦焊方法对7075铝合金板进行焊接,探讨了焊接速度和搅拌头旋转速度等焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形及接头力学性能的影响,并对焊接接头的显微组织进行了分析.结果表明:采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接7075铝合金时,焊接接头具有较好抗拉性能.当旋转速度为750r/min、焊接速度为95 mm/min时,焊接接头的强度最高,达到母材抗拉强度(487 MPa)的97.4％,并且其伸长率也较高(为3.1％);当旋转速度为950 r/min、焊接速度为150 mm/min时焊接接头的伸长率最好,为4.7％.总体上看,焊接接头的伸长率和母材相比较低.     

LF21板搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与焊接工艺关系的研究

利用搅拌摩擦焊方法对LF21铝合金板进行了焊接实验。分析了接头组织分区情况，探讨了搅拌头尺寸及焊接工艺参数对其接头组织的影响。经过实验得知：焊接时，搅拌头旋转速度为950～1500r／min，焊接速度为23．5-375mm／min，皆可获得接头性能尚可的焊接接头。同时发现，搅拌头旋转速度与焊接速度越小焊缝组织越细小：当两焊板间留有间隙时对焊缝孔洞的形成有一定的影响。     

L6-LY12异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接技术

通过SN比试验设计和方差分析研究了L6-LY12异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数对焊接接头成形及力学性能的影响。参数显著性顺序为：焊接压力、焊接速度、搅拌头旋转转速。试验表明，对于5mm厚L6-LYl2板材，搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数范围是：焊接压力2000～3000N；焊接速度37．5～60mm／min；搅拌头旋转速度950～1500r／min。优化的最佳工艺参数为2500N、37．5mm／min、950r／min。获取了等强或超强的搅拌摩擦焊接头。     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

对厚度6 mm的6061铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊对接焊,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验机及电化学工作站等设备对焊接接头的金相组织、断口形貌、拉伸性能和腐蚀性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,当焊接速度为80 mm/min、旋转速度在600～1 500 r/min之间时,焊接接头的外观良好,无明显缺陷。随着旋转速度的增加,焊核区晶粒呈现出先减小后增大的现象。当旋转速度为1 200 r/min时,焊核区的晶粒最细小,焊接接头的抗拉强度和断后伸长率最高,分别为168 MPa和14.7%,焊缝强度达到了母材的81.9%,焊接接头的断裂形式为以韧性断裂为主的韧-脆混合断裂模式。随着旋转速度增大,搅拌摩擦焊接头的耐腐蚀性能呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当搅拌头旋转速度为1 200 r/min时,焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能最好,其腐蚀电流密度最小为2.4×10^-5 A/cm²。     

MB3镁合金搅拌摩擦连接工艺研究

针对工业用MB3镁合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接试验。分析了各工艺参数及搅拌头形状对焊缝质量的影响。经过力学测试表明；对于3mm厚的MB33镁合金，采用搅拌头旋转速度为1500r／min，焊速48mm/min时焊接接头成形良好，性能优良。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.