SiGe-HBT-based 54-gb/s 4:1 multiplexer IC with full-rate clock for serial communication systems

A 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) IC for 40 Gb/s and above operations in optical fiber link systems has been developed. The ICs are based on 122-GHz-f/sub T/ 0.2-/spl mu/m self-aligned selective-epitaxial-growth SiGe HBT technology. To reduce output jitter caused by clock duty distortion, a master-slave delayed flip-flop (MS-DFF) with full-rate clock for data retiming is used at the final stage of the MUX IC. In the timing design of the critical circuit for full-rate clocking, robust timing design that has a wide timing margin between data and clock at the MS-DFF was achieved. Measurements using on-wafer probes showed that the MUX attained 54-Gb/s operation with an output voltage-swing of 400 mVpp. The output rms jitter generated by the MUX was 0.91 ps and tr/tf (10%-90%) was 11.4/11.3 ps at a data rate of 50 Gb/s. Power consumption of the IC was 2.95 W at a power supply of -4.8 V. Error-free operation (<10/sup -12/) in back-to-back configuration of the MUX and a 1:4 DEMUX IC module at a data rate of 45 Gb/s was confirmed. We therefore concluded that the MUX IC can be applied for transmitter functions in optical-fiber-link systems at a data rate of 40 Gb/s and higher for forward error correction.     

A 15-gb/s 2:1 multiplexer in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS

By employing the inductive peaking technique and the super-dynamic flip-flops, a 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) is presented for high-speed operations. The proposed circuit is realized in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. With a power consumption of 110mW from a 2-V supply voltage, the fully integrated MUX can operate at an output rate up to 15Gb/s. From the measured eye-diagrams, the 15-Gb/s half-rate MUX exhibits an output voltage swing of 225mV and a root-mean-square jitter of 2.7ps.     

A 30-gb/s 70-mW one-stage 4:1 multiplexer in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS

A completely integrated 4:1 multiplexer for high-speed operation and low power consumption is presented. The circuit uses a new architecture where four data streams are multiplexed in one stage. Pulses with a duty cycle of 25% switch the inputs to the multiplexer (MUX) output. The pulses are generated from the clock signal and the divided clock signal. Measurement results show the performance of the IQ divider. Current-mode logic is used because of the higher speed compared to static CMOS and the robustness against common-mode disturbances. The multiplexer uses no output buffer and directly drives the 50-/spl Omega/ environment. The lower number of gates compared to the conventional tree topology enables low-power design. Relaxed timing conditions are additional benefits of the one-stage MUX topology. The IC is fabricated in a 0.13-/spl mu/m standard bulk CMOS technology and uses 1.5-V supply voltage. The MUX works up to 30 Gb/s and consumes 70 mW.     

50 Gbit/s 2:1 multiplexer in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology

A fully integrated 2:1 multiplexer IC which operates at up to 50 Gbit/s data rate is presented. The MUX uses inductive shunt peaking and an output series inductor for higher bandwidth. The MUX directly drives the 50 /spl Omega/ load. The IC is fabricated in a 0.13 /spl mu/m bulk CMOS technology and draws 65 mA at 1.5 V supply voltage. The output voltage swing is 2/spl times/100 mV.     

Power delay optimization of nanoscale 4×1 multiplexer using CMOS based voltage doubler circuit

This paper represents a low leakage, highly efficient and delay improved 4×1 MUX with MOS based voltage doubler circuit cum augmented sleep transistors MOS configuration with nanoscale structure. The unique newly designed voltage doubler circuit is implemented as an additional circuit at the output of the implemented proposed design to step-up the voltage. It means that the output peak voltage is doubled due to the transient of both positive and negative cycles. This stepped-up voltage may be exploited as a stabilized supply for specific applications. The voltage doubler circuit is not enough to improve the overall performance of proposed 4×1 MUX design. In order to integrate the optimization criterion of leakage power and delay performance, the voltage doubler circuit is utilized along with the MOS configuration of augmented sleep transistors. To minimize the parameter of leakage power dissipation theMOSbased voltage doubler circuit cum augmented sleep transistorsMOSconfiguration is introduced. This will mitigate the redundant unused leakage power dissipation of the circuit. This additional circuitry brings out the aspired level of output voltage for the proposed and implemented 4×1 MUXwith better performance parameters. The whole simulation has been done for the 45nmtechnology. It is finally summarized that the leakage power dissipation is minimized up to 55% just around and the delay performance is also improved up to a desired level due to the utilization of MOS based voltage doubler circuit with the MOS configuration of augmented sleep transistors. In this paper, different combinations of MOS based augmented voltage doubler circuit implemented at the output of 4×1 MUX are represented.     

A 50-Gbit/s 450-mW Full-Rate 4:1 Multiplexer With Multiphase Clock Architecture in 0.13- μm InP HEMT Technology

A full-rate multiplexer (MUX) with a multiphase clock architecture for over 40 Gbit/s optical communication systems is presented. The 4:1 MUX is comprised of a re-timer based on a D-type flip-flop (DFF) and a clock tree system that uses EXOR-type delay buffers to match its skews well to those of the data. The supply voltage is reduced to -1.5 V by analyzing the voltage allocation. Fabricated in a 0.13-mum InP HEMT technology, a DFF test circuit achieved 75-Gbit/s operation and exhibited performance sufficient to re-time 50-Gbit/s serialized data. The 4:1 MUX measurement results demonstrate successful 50-Gbit/s operation at room temperature, and 40-Gbit/s operation, which has 10^-11 error free for 2³¹ - 1 pseudorandom bit stream (PRBS) data, up to an ambient temperature of 90 degrees or down to - 1.24 V of supply voltage. The circuit consumes 450 mW at a - 1.5-V supply and exhibits an output jitter of 283 fs rms at 50-Gbit/s operation. We also propose a multiphase clock generator for a MUX that has a serialization of more than four channels     

一种有源电压限位电路的设计

本文提出了一种新颖的电压限位电路。该电路该采用电压跟随器FOLLOWER和模拟二选一选择器结构,其中的比较器采用PNP双极型三极管,从而使输出更精确地跟随输入。与传统电压限压电路相比,该电路在设定的电压范围内,输出电压能更好地跟随输入电压变化,在输出端误差小,设定的电压范围以外,电路输出能固定在某一特定值。本电路基于0.35 um BCD工艺,对所设计电路进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,当下限阈值VTH-设定在0.5V,上限阈值VTH+设定在2V,输入电压VIN输入范围在0~3V内时,输出电压精确跟随VIN的变化而变化。     

Over 80 Gbit/s 2:1 multiplexer and low power selector ICs using InP/InGaAs DHBTs

A 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) and low power selector ICs have been successfully designed and manufactured using an InP/InGaAs DHBT technology. The 2:1 MUX has been tested at data rates up to 80 Gbit/s with an output swing of 600 mV, while the selector IC has achieved operation speed up to 90 Gbit/s at a power consumption of only 385 mW.     

卫星网络管理系统控制信道设计

设计了一套用于卫星网络管理系统的控制信道。采用TDM/TDMA专用控制信道和复接控制信道互为备份的方式保证信息传输的畅通,2种信道都可保证卫星网管所有功能的完成。主用TDM/TDMA专用控制信道,一旦专用信道中断,采用复接控制信道。复接控制信道与业务复接在一起利用业务信道传输网管信息。TDM/TDMA专用控制信道由链路适配器和突发卫星调制解调器组成,重点描述其设计方案。     

Ultrahigh-speed heterojunction bipolar transistormultiplexer/demultiplexer ICs

High-speed 2-b monolithic integrated multiplexer (MUX) and demultiplexer (DMUX) circuits have been developed using self-aligned AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with improved high-speed performance. Both ICs were designed using emitter-coupled logic. The 2:1 MUX was composed of a D-type flip-flop (D-FF) merging a selector gate and a T-type flip-flop (T-FF). The 1:2 DMUX consisted of two D-FFs driven at a clock of half the rate of the input data. Error-free operation with a pseudorandom pattern was confirmed up to 10 Gb/s. The rise and fall times of the output signals of both ICs were 40 and 25 ps, respectively. HBT frequency dividers were used as inputs for both ICs in order to find the maximum operation speed. Although only a few test patterns were available, the maximum operation speeds of the MUX and DMUX were found to be around 15 and 19 Gb/s, respectively     

A 33-mW 8-Gb/s CMOS clock multiplier and CDR for highly integrated I/Os

A 0.622-8-Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit using injection locking for jitter suppression and phase interpolation in high-bandwidth system-on-chip solutions is described. A slave injection locked oscillator (SILO) is locked to a tracking aperture-multiplying DLL (TA-MDLL) via a coarse phase selection multiplexer (MUX). For the fine timing vernier, an interpolator DAC controls the injection strength of the MUX output into the SILO. This 1.2-V 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS CDR consumes 33 mW at 8Gb/s. Die area including voltage regulator is 0.08 mm/sup 2/. Recovered clock jitter is 49 ps pk-pk at a 200-ppm bit-rate offset.     

基于1-of-2共振隧穿数据选择器的可置位复位D触发器设计

文章以共振隧穿RT器件为主要器件,设计了上边沿触发的共振隧穿D触发器.该触发器以1-of-2共振隧穿数据选择器为核心电路,带预先置位和复位功能.此共振隧穿数据选择器电路的设计方法还能用于实现其他触发器电路,为采用基于RT器件设计触发器电路提供了一种新的并且有效简单的方法,弥补了共振隧穿电路中只能用MOBILE单元来设计时序电路的单一性,丰富了量子电路中触发器的类型.     

基于FPGA的3 GHz宽带信号产生器设计

为适应通信对抗装备的发展,设计了能产生3GHz带宽任意波形的信号产生器。现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)产生数字波形信号,通过高速数/模转换(DAC)芯片输出模拟信号。在FPGA中采用多路并行处理算法,利用内部集成的并串转换器以及专用的复用芯片(MUX),实现DAC数据速率8Gsps,输出信号瞬时带宽3GHz以上。最后测试了信号产生器的技术指标。     

50-Gb/s 4-b multiplexer/demultiplexer chip set using InP HEMTs

A 50-Gb/s 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) and 1:4 demultiplexer (DEMUX) chip set using InP high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is described. In order to achieve wide-range bit-rate operation from several to 50 Gb/s, timing design inside the ICs was precisely executed. The packaged MUX operated from 4 to 50Gb/s with >1-V/sub pp/ output amplitude, and the DEMUX exhibited >180/spl deg/ phase margin from 4 to 50 Gb/s for 2/sup 31/-1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS). Furthermore, 50-Gb/s back-to-back error-free operation for 2/sup 31/-1 PRBS was confirmed with the packaged MUX and DEMUX.     

5?Gb/s 2:1 fully-integrated full-rate multiplexer with on-chip clock generation circuit in 0.18-μm CMOS

A 5?Gb/s 2:1 full-rate multiplexer (MUX) has been designed and fabricated in SMIC 0.18-??m CMOS process. A clock generation circuit (CGC) is also integrated to provide the MUX with both 2.5 and 5-GHz clock signals. The CGC is realized by a clock and data recovery (CDR) loop with a divide-by-2 frequency divider embedded in, where the two required clocks are obtained after and before the divider, respectively. In addition, the phase relation between data and clock is assured automatically by CDR feedback loop and the precise layout. The whole chip area is 812?×?675???m, including pads. At a single supply voltage of 1.8?V, the total power consumption is 162?mW with an input sensitivity of <25?mV and a single-ended output swing of above 300?mV. And due to the full-rate architecture, the pulse width distortion (PWD) with multiplexed data is removed. The measured results also show that the circuit can work reliably at any input data rate between 2.46 and 2.9?Gb/s without need for external components, reference clock, or manual phase alignment between data and clock.     

A new FPGA architecture suitable for DSP applications

A new FPGA architecture suitable for digital signal processing applications is presented.DSP modules can be inserted into FPGA conveniently with the proposed architecture,which is much faster when used in the field of digital signal processing compared with traditional FPGAs.An advanced 2-level MUX(multiplexer) is also proposed.With the added SLEEP MODE PASS to traditional 2-level MUX,static leakage is reduced.Furthermore, buffers are inserted at early returns of long lines.With this kind of buffer,the delay of the long line is improved by 9.8%while the area increases by 4.37%.The layout of this architecture has been taped out in standard 0.13μm CMOS technology successfully.The die size is 6.3×4.5 mm~2 with the QFP208 package.Test results show that performances of presented classical DSP cases are improved by 28.6%-302%compared with traditional FPGAs.     

A Tree-Topology Multiplexer for Multiphase Clock System

This paper proposes a tree-topology multiplexer (MUX) that employs a multiphase low-frequency clock rather than a high-frequency clock. Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed design can achieve higher bandwidth and be less sensitive to process variations than the conventional single-stage MUX. In order to verify the feasibility, this proposed design is integrated with a multiphase phase-locked loop and a low-voltage differential signaling driver in a 0.18- ${rm mu}hbox{m}$ CMOS technology. Measured results indicate that the proposed design can operate up to 7 gigabits/s under 0.3-UI jitter limitation.      

Embedded Test Decompressor to Reduce the Required Channels and Vector Memory of Tester for Complex Processor Circuit

An embedded test stimulus decompressor is presented for the test patterns decompression, which can reduce the required channels and vector memory of automatic test equipment (ATE) for complex processor circuit. The proposed decompressor mainly consists of a periodically alterable MUX network which has multiple configurations to decode the input information flexibly and efficiently. In order to reduce the number of test patterns and configurations, a test patterns compaction algorithm, using CI-Graph merging, is proposed. With the proposed periodically alterable MUX network and the patterns compaction algorithm, smaller test data volume and required external pins can be achieved as compared to previous techniques     

A 43-Gb/s full-rate-clock 4:1 multiplexer in InP-based HEMT technology

This paper describes a full-rate-clock 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) in a 0.13-/spl mu/m InP-based HEMT technology for 40-Gb/s and above optical fiber link systems. To reduce output jitter, the serialized data are retimed at the final stage by a retimer, a D-type flip-flop, which has a symmetric layout with an optimized spacing to the ground that minimizes coupling capacitances. A phase adjuster, composed of an exclusive OR and a delay switch, uses external control signals to change each phase of the serialized data and clock entering the retimer and gives a correct timing for the clock to drive the retimer. A clock distributor with a simple wired splitter divides the clock into two clocks with high gain and low current. The MUX integrates 1355 HEMTs formed using electron beam lithography. A chip mounted in a test module operated at up to 47 Gb/s with a power consumption of 7.9 W for a single supply voltage of -5.2 V.     

GaAs DCFL 2.5 Gbps 16-bit Multiplexer/Demultiplexer LSI's

GaAs 2.5 Gbps 16 bit MUX/DEMUX LSI's have been successfully developed. DCFL is employed as a basic gate in order to reduce the power dissipation. To avoid the speed degradation caused by using DCFL, various technologies such as 8×2(MUX)/2×8(DEMUX) data conversion processes, a Selector Merged Shift Register, clock overlapping, and a 0.7-μm BPLDD MESFET, have been introduced. Moreover the ECL I/O level interface and single power supply features make it easy to use MUX/DEMUX in optical communication systems. The maximum operating data rate is 3.2 Gbps for both LSI's, and the power dissipation of chips which operates with 2.5 Gbps are as low as 1.3 W for each MUX/DEMUX