Trades-off between lithography line edge roughness and error-correcting codes requirements for NAND Flash memories

The only way to keep pace with Moore’s Law is to use probabilistic computing for memory design. Probabilistic computing is ‘unavoidable’, especially when scaled memory dimensions go down to the levels where variability takes over. In order to print features below 20 nm, novel lithographies such as Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV) are required. However, transistor structures and memory arrays are strongly affected by pattern roughness caused by the randomness of such lithography, leading to variability induced data errors in the memory read-out. This paper demonstrates a probabilistic–holistic look at how to handle bit errors of NAND Flash memory and trades-off between lithography processes and error-correcting codes to ensure the data integrity.     

集成电路技术领域最新进展及新技术展望

目前,最先进的CMOS工艺逐渐逼近单原子尺度,单纯靠工艺进步来推动发展的时代即将结束,集成电路发展将进入"后摩尔时代"。在"后摩尔时代",集成电路的发展不会随着"摩尔定律"失效而终结,相反,以应用为导向的需求将使集成电路呈现出更加旺盛的发展活力。在边缘计算、人工智能、5G/物联网等应用需求快速兴起的背景下,从集成电路涉及的材料、器件、工艺、设计、封装、新理论及方法学等方面,详细介绍了"后摩尔时代"集成电路最新进展,分析其发展趋势。最后,简要介绍了未来可能对集成电路当前技术路线产生颠覆性影响的二维器件、量子计算等前沿领域的进展,并进行了展望。     

Go fast, go FORTH

20 years ago, Charles Moore was the world's only FORTH programmer. Today, FORTH is available on virtually every commercial processor, and is enjoying something of a boom in popularity. In part this is attributable to the highly distinctive nature of FORTH-it is very different from other languages and, as such, has a certain curiosity value. Ultimately, however, a programming language is just a tool, and in FORTH Charles Moore produced a tool of considerable power. The author shows how FORTH offers fast interactive development, fast execution, combined with direct access to the hardware-three solid virtues which, the vagaries of fashion notwithstanding, should ensure that FORTH remains an important language in the demanding world of real-time control     

Fredholm resolvents, Wiener-Hopf equations, and Riccati differential equations

We shall show that the solution of Fredholm equations with symmetric kernels of a certain type can be reduced to the solution of a related Wiener-Hopf integral equation. A least-squares filtering problem is associated with this equation. When the kernel has a separable form, this related problem suggests that the solution can be obtained via a matrix Riccati differential equation, which may be a more convenient form for digital computer evaluation. The Fredholm determinant is also expressed in terms of the solution to the Riccati equation; this formula can also be used for the numerical determination of eigenvalues. The relations to similar work by Anderson and Moore and by Schumitzky are also discussed.     

基于Mealy型状态机的莫尔条纹细分和辨向技术

介绍了一种利用VHDL语言描述的Mealy型状态机对光栅莫尔条纹进行8细分和辨向的方法。该方法通过状态机对经过预处理电路的光栅信号变化状态进行判断,从而输出计数脉冲和方向信号。通过一种改进的计数方法,避免了尖峰干扰脉冲对计数值的影响,提高了细分和计数精度。     

全面理解纳米科技内涵 促进纳米科技在我国的健康发展

对纳米科技的实质涵义进行了分析,并对纳米时代何时到来进行了详尽的讨论。指出尽管迈向纳米时代还有很长的路,但目前纳米科技多多少少已与市场和社会联系起来了,并已影响到我们的日常生活,所以我们要全面准备迎接挑战。     

三维集成封装中的TSV互连工艺研究进展

为顺应摩尔定律的增长趋势,芯片技术已来到超越"摩尔定律"的三维集成时代。电子系统进一步小型化和性能提高,越来越需要使用三维集成方案,在此需求推动下,穿透硅通孔(TSV)互连技术应运而生,成为三维集成和晶圆级封装的关键技术之一。TSV集成与传统组装方式相比较,具有独特的优势,如减少互连长度、提高电性能并为异质集成提供了更宽的选择范围。三维集成技术可使诸如RF器件、存储器、逻辑器件和MEMS等难以兼容的多个系列元器件集成到一个系统里面。文章结合近两年的国外文献,总结了用于三维集成封装的TSV的互连技术和工艺,探讨了其未来发展方向。     

Managing product development

Good technical management may seem intangible and hard to define. One reason for this is that really good management is so rare. Yet it can be taught and learned. This brief outline can only begin to sketch out the more important principles of good management. A study of management technology, beginning with the above references, will go a long way in increasing the effectiveness of anyone having anything to do with product development. When diligently studied and applied, sound management principles can be used to build prosperous companies and thriving civilizations     

Split ring resonator based multiband hybrid fractal antennas for wireless applications

In this paper, initially two Moore Antennas are designed which are different from each other in terms of 50 Ω microstrip transmission line only. Same size Feed line is applied at right and left side of the substrate and termed as Left Side Feed Line (LFL) and Right Side Feed Line (RFL). To improve the multiband behavior of Moore Antenna, it is being fused with Koch curve and resultant antenna is named as Moore – Koch Hybrid Fractal Antenna (MKHFA) where Koch curves are superimposed on Moore curve. Two distinct MKHFA’s are designed as MKHFA with LFL and MKHFA with RFL. In order to attain the more number of frequency bands, improved gain, better impedance matching and improved bandwidth, both the MKHFA’s are loaded with Split Ring Resonator (SRR). Proposed antennas are designed on FR4 glass epoxy substrate with thickness 1.6 mm, relative permittivity 4.4. Results of Moore Antenna has been compared with MKHFA and found that MKHFA exhibits multiband behavior. A comparison between unloaded MKHFA using LFL/RFL and loaded MKHFA using LFL/RFL has been made and found that later case exhibits better results in terms of increase in number of frequency bands, bandwidth enhancement and improvement in gain. Prototypes of proposed MKHFA using LFL loaded with SRR and MKHFA using RFL loaded with SRR have been fabricated and tested for their results. The comparison between the simulated and measured results have been done and found in good agreement with each other. The overall dimensions of proposed MKHFA using LFL/RFL loaded with SRR is 25 mm × 25 mm and can be useful for different wireless applications such as Bluetooth (2.41–2.49 GHz) for ISM band, IEEE 802.11 g/b (2.40–2.48 GHz), WiMAX (2.5–2.69 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz), X-band satellite communication (7.1–7.76 GHz). Proposed MKHFA using LFL loaded with SRR also reports peak gain 5.76 dB and bandwidth 770 MHz, whereas, MKHFA using RFL loaded with SRR confirms peak gain 8.56 dB and bandwidth 750 MHz.     

纳米电子技术的发展与展望

纳米电子技术研究是提升国家核心竞争力和抢占科技制高点的战略选择,是我国实现信息科学技术跨越发展的主要途径。阐述了纳米电子技术研究的重要地位,梳理了纳米电子技术的主要研究方向和关键技术,重点研究了纳米电子技术的最新发展动向,并对其发展前景进行了展望。认为纳米电子技术是微电子技术发展的必然趋势,是催生新型信息器件的重要温床,是实现量子计算的主要途径。新型电子元器件的不断涌现,有望使摩尔定律得到延续和扩展,石墨烯研究的突破将可能使碳基CMOS逐渐取代硅基CMOS,碳纳米管的发展将使纳米集成电路走向应用,忆阻器将可能取代晶体管。     

碲镉汞As掺杂技术研究

对于MBE原位掺杂,HgCdTe的N型掺杂比较容易,而P型掺杂相对来说难度比较大。作为掺杂杂质的As表现出两性掺杂行为,在富Te的条件下生长,As有很大的几率进入到阳离子位置处。而As必须进入Te位才能参与导电,表现为P型。因此,采取了多种方法,现已获得10^16-10^18坤cm^-3掺杂水平的P型材料。在成功实现As的掺杂后,研究人员对激活退火做了一些研究。研究发现,需要在汞压下经过高温退火,As原子才能占据Te位成为受主杂质。对As在碲镉汞中的扩散系数也进行了研究。     

Talk is cheap, text is cheaper [mobile messaging]

E-mail was the first killer application for the Internet-now messaging is coming to cellphones. How does a software application go from zero to 100 million users in a couple of years? One way is to be built into Windows. Another is for the world's largest cellphone manufacturers to make it a standard. That has not happened yet, but it's about to. Three titans of the mobile world, Nokia, Motorola, and Ericsson, are behind a developing standard for instant messaging (IM) between cellphones. Called Wireless Village, it was approved in February as Draft 1.0 by a consortium that includes more than 150 equipment manufacturers, and could be implemented in new cellphones by early fall. Meanwhile, a slightly different messaging mode, short message service (SMS), has already crossed the Atlantic from Europe. In recent months, the leading US wireless carriers have started to promote the service. This could be good news for investors and for the carriers themselves-so good, in fact, that it is said the abbreviation really stands for "significant money streams". European mobile carriers are reporting that SMS accounts for as much as 9 percent of revenues and 20 percent of profits     

论如何提高科普的趣味性

科学欲与伪科学争夺公众,提高科普的趣味性是一条有效途径,可从4个方面着手:平等姿态、幽默感、善用譬喻、结合流行文化或社会热点。本文选取科学松鼠会、上海"新民科学咖啡馆"、"名声实验室"竞赛、"搞笑诺贝尔奖"、"博士之舞"竞赛、霍金《大设计》、美剧《生活大爆炸》等鲜活事例和材料,加以论述。最后得出结论:无论在民间或官方,都已开始超越传统的科普模式,探索新型的、更富于趣味性、更具有吸引力的模式,这必将为我国科普事业注入新活力。     

Super FEC技术

结合现有的SuperFEC产品介绍了SuperFEC技术，就其发展现状指出了SuperFEC存在的非标准性和非透明性的缺陷，并提出了SuperFEC规范化的方法。     

Attenuation Correction for SPECT: An Evaluation of Hybrid Approaches

Most methods that have been proposed for attenuation compensation in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) either rely on simplifying assumptions, or use slow iteration to achieve accuracy. Recently, hybrid methods which combine iteration with simple multiplicative correction have been proposed by Chang and by Moore et al. In this study we evaluated these methods using both simulated and real phantom data from a rotating gamma camera. Of special concern were the effects of assuming constant attenuation distributions for correction and of using only 180 degrees of projection data in the reconstructions. Results were compared by means of image contrast, %RMS error, and a chi-square error statistic. Simulations showed the hybrid methods to converge after 1-2 iterations when 360 degrees data were used, less rapidly for 180 degrees data. The Moore method was more accurate than our modified Chang method for 180 degrees data. Phantom data indicated the importance of using an accurate attenuation map for both methods. The speed of convergence of the hybrid algorithms compared to traditional iterative techniques, and their accuracy in reconstructing photon activity, even with 180 degrees data, makes them attractive for use in quantitative analysis of SPECT reconstructions.     

基于RFID技术的新型智能电子机票设计

介绍一种多可重复使用的智能机票的设计方案，利用目前成熟的RFID技术并结合GPS技术，为乘客提供一种在任何国家的机场，在语言不通的情况下，也能通过具有AGPS功能的手持设备读取存储在机票中的RFID芯片的内容，并将内容以二维电子地图的方式显示在设备上，并且利用机场GPS导航服务引导顾客到达他们想去的地方，这样不但可以使航空公司节省成本、提供高质量的机场服务而且可以解决机场分流问题，减少误机事件，提高经济效益。     

通信交换局(站)中、大型UPS的选型

本文针对于通信行业交换局(站)所带负载的重要性及对市电电网要求的稳定安全性,为了满足各种通信设备、其它敏感先进仪器设备及非线性负载对供电电压质量的严格要求,介绍了中大型UPS如何进行选购,从UPS的类型、工作方式、容量大小的匹配、参数性能指标、蓄电池与容量的选择、配线的选择、与外界负载及其它因素等方面进行了详细的阐述.     

On reliable software development for microprocessors

Microprocessor software is no longer microsized. It requires the same degree of methodology as is used for developing software for large mainframes. Software development for microprocessors involves much more than just writing the machine language instructions to perform some functions. This paper describes a systematic approach for microprocessor software development based on the concepts borrowed from large systems. The suggested methodology can go a long way to promise reliable software for microprocessor based systems. The approach lays emphasis on an ordered sequence of stages, well-supported development tools, good programming practices and management backing — all integrated into a systematic method. The methodology also suggests the use of an educational plan for new staff.     

微粒群算法局部模型邻域研究

详细介绍了微粒群算法局部最好模型几种邻域结构的特点,分析了引入元胞自动机邻居模型的优越性,并通过冯-诺依曼型邻域、摩尔型邻域、扩展的摩尔型邻域以及环形结构4种邻域结构在函数优化中性能的对比,指出了虽然针对不同的函数应该选用不同的邻域,但存在一些好的邻域结构,它们往往更适合比较广泛范围函数的优化。     

IPTV增值业务发展策略探讨

增值业务将是IPTV的重要组成部分和未来发展重心。但从近几年的发展来看,增值业务还有较长的路要走,还有很多问题需要在发展中不断调整。本文从业务定位、业务收入、业务形态3个方面介绍了IPTV的增值业务。