催化动力学光度法测定废水中痕量铬(VI)

在pH值为4.0的缓冲溶液中,磷酸和棉红在100℃下反应生成天蓝色物质(λmax=675nm),该物质在微量铬(VI)的催化下被溴酸钾氧化褪色,建立了测定痕量铬(VI)的催化动力学新方法,方法的检出限是0.76ng·mL-1,线性范围0～0.06μg·mL-1,用于测定电镀废水中铬(VI),结果令人满意。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量的铬（VI）

基于醋酸介质中，草酸钠作活化剂，铬（VI）对过碘酸钾氧化茜素红而使其褪色的反应的催化作用，建立了测定前量铬（VI）的动力学光度法，讨论了其动力学条件。方法简便，灵敏，选择性好。测定铬（VI）的线形范围为0-40μg/L，检出限为2.0μg/L，用于合成水样和污水中痕量铬（VI）的测定，结果令人满意。     

催化动力学分光光度法测定铬

研究了催化动力学分光光度法测定痕量铬。在硫酸溶液中,研究了痕量铬(Ⅵ)对溴酸钾氧化橙黄Ⅳ退色反应的催化效应及其动力学条件,建立了测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的新方法。结果表明,最佳条件为:50 mmol/L硫酸溶液用量为3.0 mL,0.01%橙黄Ⅳ溶液用量为3.0 mL,5 mmol/L溴酸钾溶液用量为1.5 mL,在50℃水浴下反应6 m in,加入抗坏血酸溶液终止反应,并进行了干扰分析,方法的线性范围为0.2~1.0μg/L,检出限为1.09×10-6μg/L。该法用于水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果满意。     

用铬(VI)—二苯胺磺酸钠氧化还原显色反应测定废水中的微量铬(VI)

研究了在硫酸介质中,二苯胺磺酸钠被铬（ＶＩ）氧化反应的最佳条件。反应产物的最大吸收波长为５６０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为２．５×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,在一定量的二苯胺磺酸钠溶液中,铬（ＶＩ）含量在０～３０μｇ·（２５ｍＬ）－１范围内符合比耳定律,该方法用于废水中微量铬（ＶＩ）的测定,结果满意。     

分光光度法测定镀锌白色钝化液中的铬(Ⅵ)和铬(Ⅲ)

在硫、磷混酸介质中,以花青为还原剂,采用分光光度法测定镀锌白色钝化液中的铬(Ⅵ),利用过氧化氢氧化铬(Ⅲ)测定钝化液中的铬(Ⅲ)。阐述了该方法的测量步骤,探讨了测量波长、酸度、反应温度、时间、花青用量及共存离子对测量结果的影响。结果表明,当铬(Ⅵ)浓度为0-1 04μg/mL时,所测吸光度与铬(Ⅵ)间的关系遵守比耳定律。与常用的硫酸亚铁铵滴定法相比,该方法准确度更高。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量的铬(Ⅵ)

基于醋酸介质中,草酸钠作活化剂,铬(Ⅵ)对过碘酸钾氧化茜素红而使其褪色的反应的催化作用,建立了测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的动力学光度法,讨论了其动力学条件.方法简便,灵敏,选择性好.测定铬(Ⅵ)的线形范围为0～40μg/L,检出限为2.0μg/L,用于合成水样和污水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果令人满意.     

玫瑰桃红R褪色光度法测定电镀废水中的铬(VI)

在0.5 mol/L H2SO4介质中,玫瑰桃红R(Bordeaux-R)能与铬(Ⅵ)发生氧化褪色反应,据此建立了新的测定微量铬(Ⅵ)的光度法.结果表明,在实验条件下,褪色后体系的最大吸收波长为520 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.78×104 L/(mol·cm).铬(Ⅵ)质量浓度在0～8.0 mg/L内符合比尔定律,该法用于测定电镀废水中微量铬(Ⅵ),结果与滴定法相符,6次测定值RSD<3%.     

催化光度法测定铬(Ⅵ)的研究

在pH=5.0的NaAc-HAc缓冲介质中,铬(Ⅵ)能催化过氧化氢氧化茜素红的褪色反应.据此,建立了催化光度法测定环境中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的新方法.在优化条件下,于最大吸收波长422 nm处进行测定,铬(Ⅵ)浓度在3.0×10-7～ 1.0× 10-5 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系;检出限为1.8× 10-7mol/L...     

硫脲改性坡缕石对铬(VI)的吸附性能研究

硅烷偶联剂KH-550改性后的坡缕石通过环氧氯丙烷与硫脲反应,得到硫脲修饰的坡缕石,用扫描电镜、热重和元素分析对其进行了表征。研究了该改性坡缕石对Cr6+的吸附,在初始浓度是100 mg·L-1的水溶液中,pH为3,温度30℃时,20 mg吸附剂对Cr6+最大吸附量是74.63 mg·g-1。此吸附剂对Cr6+的吸附过程符合二级动力学模型,等温吸附曲线是Langmuir方程,并且吸附过程是自发进行的。     

光催化法处理含Cr(VI)废水的研究

采用P 25 TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了废水的pH值、Cr(VI)的初始浓度、气氛及有机物等因素对含铬废水中Cr(VI)去解率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为3.0时,光催化反应速率最大;反应气氛对该体系中Cr(VI)的光催化还原无明显影响;苯酚、葡萄糖等有机物的存在能有效地促进Cr(VI)的光催化还原,当加入与Cr(VI)等物质的量的苯酚或葡萄糖时,150 mL反应液[Cr(VI)浓度为0.96 mmol/L],0.15 g光催化剂,经12 W紫外灯照射反应120 m in,Cr(VI)完全被去除,相对于在反应体系中不加有机物时,Cr(VI)光催化还原效率提高了近100%;Cr(VI)的光催化还原符合L-H动力学规律。     

啤酒酵母吸附Cr（VI）的动力学及热力学研究

研究啤酒酵母对溶液中铬(VI)的吸附效果和机理,通过红外对吸附前后菌体表面特征分析,表明Cr (VI)与菌体表面基团发生配位络合反应.结果表明,在温度为35 ℃,pH=2,Cr(VI)初始浓度为20 mg/L时达到最大吸附量,最大吸附量为4.19 mg/g.酵母菌对Cr(VI)的吸附行为基本符合Langmuir方程,并且在 25,30和35 ℃条件下的理论最大吸附量qmax分别为4.472,4.533,4.702 mg/g.动力学研究表明,反应在240 min吸附基本达到平衡状态,准二级动力学模型能够更好的描述吸附过程.不同温度下的吸附热力学显示,该吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.     

催化氧化动力学法测定电镀废液中的铬（Ⅵ）

研究并确定了Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）对过氧化氢氧化５号专利蓝退色反应的催化作用及动力学条件。建立了痕量Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的分光光度分析法,其检出限为１．９ １０＾－８ｇ／ｍＬ,废液中铬（Ⅵ）的回收率达９０％以上。     

分光光度法研究Cr(VI)氧化苹果酸及乙二醇的催化反应动力学

文章采用分光光度法研究了酸性介质中,2,2’-联吡啶(bpy)催化Cr(VI)氧化苹果酸(Mal)及乙二醇的反应动力学,分别考察了两种[R]、[H+]、[bpy]]对kobs的影响。结果表明:反应对Cr(VI)是准一级,对苹果酸及乙二醇均是一级。在保持准一级反应条件([还原剂]0[Cr(VI)0)下,该反应的表观速率常数kobs都随[H+]、[bpy]的增加而增大。通过比较Cr(VI)氧化苹果酸及二元醇的反应,发现同一温度下乙二醇的速率常数大于苹果酸的速率常数。     

Capacity of Cr(VI) reduction in an aqueous solution using different sources of zerovalent irons

Zerovalent iron (ZVI) has drawn intense interest as an effective and inexpensive tool to enhance degradation of various environmental contaminants. Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ZVI merits environmental concern as a hazardous species is transformed into a non-hazardous one. Objectives of this research were to assess kinetics and capacity of Cr(VI) reduction by different sources of ZVIs, of which chemical parameters can base in situ application of ZVI to treat Cr(VI) contaminated water. Reduction kinetics were first-order and rapid showing that 50% of the initial Cr(VI) was reduced within 7.0 to 347 min depending on Cr(VI) concentration, temperature and ZVI source. The reduction rates were increased with decreasing the initial Cr(VI) concentrations and increasing the reaction temperatures. The J ZVI (Shinyo Pure Chemical Co., Japan) was more effective in Cr(VI) reduction than PU (Peerless Metal Powders, USA). The maximum reduction capacities of J and PU ZVIs at 25°C were 0.045 and 0.042 mmol g⁻¹ Fe⁰, respectively. A relatively higher value of the net reaction energy (E _a ) indicated that Cr(VI) reduction by ZVI was temperature dependent and controlled by surface properties of ZVI. Chemical parameters involved in the Cr(VI) reduction by ZVI such as temperature quotient, kinetic rates, and stoichiometry indicated that the ZVI might be effective for in situ treatment of the Cr(VI) containing wastewater.     

Gamma irradiated orange peel for Cr(VI) bioreduction

This work presents the γ irradiation (600–3500 kGy) and acid hydrolysis onto orange peel for hexavalent chromium removal. SEM, AFM, TGA-DSC, FTIR, and UV-Vis showed that γ rays enhance degradation and cleavage of orange peel cellulose polymeric chains, increasing the presence of reducing sugars after acid hydrolysis (0.1552 g/g biomass, 3500 kGy). Bioreduction kinetics of Cr(VI) using both solid and solubilized liquid fractions of γ irradiated biomass showed a direct correlation between the applied dose and Cr(VI) removal, reaching 100% of Cr(VI) reduction at pH 2 and 3500 kGy. Cr(VI) reduction is explained as a function of hydrolyzed reducing sugar oxidation.     

Studies of adsorption behavior of crosslinked chitosan for Cr(VI), Se(VI)

In this work, it was found that crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) had strong adsorption ability for some anions under certain conditions. Cr(VI) and Se(VI) existed in anion forms in aqueous solution, and their adsorption rates by CCTS were 97% for Cr(VI) at pH 3.0 and 95% for Se(VI) at pH 4.0. In addition, the adsorption balance time and isotherm of CCTS for Cr(VI) and Se (VI) were discussed and adsorption mechanism was explained. This research will be useful for designing CCTS‐based adsorption for metallic toxin removal and preconcentrating Cr(VI) and Se(VI) in their trace analysis. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 3216–3219, 2000     

Heterocyclic modification of chitosan for the adsorption of Cu (II) and Cr (VI) ions

A heterocyclic modification of chitosan has been attempted for development of an effective adsorbent material for removal of metal ions. The modified polymer was characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The adsorption capacity exhibited for Cu (II) and Cr (VI) were 83.75 and 85.0 mgg^?1, respectively, which is a significant improvement over chitosan. The adsorption on the modified polymer was a second-order kinetic process and followed Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic analysis indicated exothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption. About 80% of the adsorbed metal ions were desorbed in appropriate stripping solutions indicating reusability.     

Adsorption of Cr(VI) using thermally activated weed Salvinia cucullata

Cr(VI) removal studies were carried out by using activated carbon obtained from waste weed, Salvinia cucullata. Effects of various parameters, such as pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose and particle size of the adsorbent on percentage of adsorption were studied. The adsorption studies were carried out at an agitation speed of 600 rpm to minimize the film diffusion. The adsorption kinetics followed dual rate; it was fast during a first stage and then it was reduced. The equilibrium was achieved in 12 h. The kinetics increased with decrease in pH. Adsorbate and adsorbent concentration also influenced the kinetics. The adsorption process was endothermic in nature. The reaction kinetics followed pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. Empirical rate equation developed, which explained the effect of various adsorption parameters, was studied. Theoretical numbers of stages were calculated based on the results. Intra-particle diffusion was found to be the rate-controlling step. Optimization studies were also carried out to establish the upper and lower breakthrough points.     

Separation of Cr(VI) from Water by Green Reduction Reaction and Adsorptive Removal on Gelatin-Grafted-Yeast Biosorbent

A green chemical method was explored and described for separation and extraction of the toxic hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions and real water samples. A green reduction reaction for the transformation of toxic hexavalent chromium into the nontoxic trivalent chromium ion was performed by using hydrogen peroxide. The produced Cr(III) was then extracted by biosorption on the surface of a novel and eco-friendly gelatin-grafted-baker’s yeast (Gelatin-Yeast) biosorbent. The investigated biosorbent was characterized by high capacity value of the reduced trivalent chromium species in pH 6.0 as 1.120 mmol g^?1. The biosorption processes were examined, monitored, and optimized in different experimental and controlling parameters. The potential applications of Gelatin-Yeast for separation and removal of Cr(VI) from real industrial and sea water samples were also studied.