催化动力学光度法测定废水中痕量铬(VI)

在pH值为4.0的缓冲溶液中,磷酸和棉红在100℃下反应生成天蓝色物质(λmax=675nm),该物质在微量铬(VI)的催化下被溴酸钾氧化褪色,建立了测定痕量铬(VI)的催化动力学新方法,方法的检出限是0.76ng·mL-1,线性范围0～0.06μg·mL-1,用于测定电镀废水中铬(VI),结果令人满意。     

催化动力学分光光度法测定铬

研究了催化动力学分光光度法测定痕量铬。在硫酸溶液中,研究了痕量铬(Ⅵ)对溴酸钾氧化橙黄Ⅳ退色反应的催化效应及其动力学条件,建立了测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的新方法。结果表明,最佳条件为:50 mmol/L硫酸溶液用量为3.0 mL,0.01%橙黄Ⅳ溶液用量为3.0 mL,5 mmol/L溴酸钾溶液用量为1.5 mL,在50℃水浴下反应6 m in,加入抗坏血酸溶液终止反应,并进行了干扰分析,方法的线性范围为0.2~1.0μg/L,检出限为1.09×10-6μg/L。该法用于水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果满意。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量的铬（VI）

基于醋酸介质中，草酸钠作活化剂，铬（VI）对过碘酸钾氧化茜素红而使其褪色的反应的催化作用，建立了测定前量铬（VI）的动力学光度法，讨论了其动力学条件。方法简便，灵敏，选择性好。测定铬（VI）的线形范围为0-40μg/L，检出限为2.0μg/L，用于合成水样和污水中痕量铬（VI）的测定，结果令人满意。     

催化动力学光度法测定废水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)

在pH值为4.0的缓冲溶液中,磷酸和棉红在100℃下反应生成天蓝色物质(λmax=675nm),该物质在微量铬(Ⅵ)的催化下被溴酸钾氧化褪色,建立了测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的催化动力学新方法,方法的检出限是0.76ng·mL-1,线性范围0～0.06μg·mL-1,用于测定电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ),结果令人满意.     

棓花青褪色光度法同时测定镀铬溶液中的铬(Ⅲ)和铬(Ⅵ)

在沸水浴中以硫磷混酸为介质,铬( )能氧化花青显著褪色,据此建立了测定铬( )和铬( )的新方法。铬( )在NaOH溶液中以H2O2氧化成铬( )。铬( )的质量浓度在0～1.04μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.90×104L·mol-1·cm-1。此法用于测定镀铬液中铬( )和铬( )的含量,结果满意。     

过氧化氢一次甲基蓝体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)

基于弱酸性介质中,过氧化氢氧化次甲基蓝的褪色反应受C r(V I)的催化而加速,据此建立了测定C r(V I)的新催化光度法,考察了该催化反应的适宜条件及动力学性质。测量C r(V I)的线性范围为0.05~60.0μg.L-1,检出限为0.23μg.L-1,催化反应表现活化能为E a=102.6kJ.m o-l 1,反应速率常数为k=7.5×1-0 3-s 1。用于钢样中铬(V I)的测定,结果满意。     

一种快速测定铬的分光光度法

本文介绍一种快速直接测定铬(Cr~(3+))的分光光度法——EDTA法。该法可不分离铁,即在PH=0.6～1.0范围内,将铁离子(Fe~(3+))用抗坏血酸还原。本法以测定钢样中铬(Cr~(3+))为例,并与标准钢样比较。     

催化动力学分光光度法测定钛白粉中微量铬

研究催化动力学分光光度法测定钛白粉中的微量铬。结果表明，催化体系溶液中Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度在0～0．2mg·L^-1范围内时催化体系溶液与空白试验溶液的吸光度差（△A）与Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度线性关系良好；测定适宜条件为：硫酸溶液（浓度为0．2mol·L^-1）用量2．5ml，溴酸钾溶液（浓度为0．03mol·L^-1）用量1mL，加热时间4min，加热方式100℃水浴；其它离子对测定的干扰小，方法的准确性和回收率高。     

玫瑰桃红R褪色光度法测定电镀废水中的铬(VI)

在0.5 mol/L H2SO4介质中,玫瑰桃红R(Bordeaux-R)能与铬(Ⅵ)发生氧化褪色反应,据此建立了新的测定微量铬(Ⅵ)的光度法.结果表明,在实验条件下,褪色后体系的最大吸收波长为520 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.78×104 L/(mol·cm).铬(Ⅵ)质量浓度在0～8.0 mg/L内符合比尔定律,该法用于测定电镀废水中微量铬(Ⅵ),结果与滴定法相符,6次测定值RSD<3%.     

光催化法处理含Cr(VI)废水的研究

采用P 25 TiO2作为光催化剂,研究了废水的pH值、Cr(VI)的初始浓度、气氛及有机物等因素对含铬废水中Cr(VI)去解率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为3.0时,光催化反应速率最大;反应气氛对该体系中Cr(VI)的光催化还原无明显影响;苯酚、葡萄糖等有机物的存在能有效地促进Cr(VI)的光催化还原,当加入与Cr(VI)等物质的量的苯酚或葡萄糖时,150 mL反应液[Cr(VI)浓度为0.96 mmol/L],0.15 g光催化剂,经12 W紫外灯照射反应120 m in,Cr(VI)完全被去除,相对于在反应体系中不加有机物时,Cr(VI)光催化还原效率提高了近100%;Cr(VI)的光催化还原符合L-H动力学规律。     

啤酒酵母吸附Cr（VI）的动力学及热力学研究

研究啤酒酵母对溶液中铬(VI)的吸附效果和机理,通过红外对吸附前后菌体表面特征分析,表明Cr (VI)与菌体表面基团发生配位络合反应.结果表明,在温度为35 ℃,pH=2,Cr(VI)初始浓度为20 mg/L时达到最大吸附量,最大吸附量为4.19 mg/g.酵母菌对Cr(VI)的吸附行为基本符合Langmuir方程,并且在 25,30和35 ℃条件下的理论最大吸附量qmax分别为4.472,4.533,4.702 mg/g.动力学研究表明,反应在240 min吸附基本达到平衡状态,准二级动力学模型能够更好的描述吸附过程.不同温度下的吸附热力学显示,该吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.     

催化氧化动力学法测定电镀废液中的铬（Ⅵ）

研究并确定了Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）对过氧化氢氧化５号专利蓝退色反应的催化作用及动力学条件。建立了痕量Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的分光光度分析法,其检出限为１．９ １０＾－８ｇ／ｍＬ,废液中铬（Ⅵ）的回收率达９０％以上。     

分光光度法研究Cr(VI)氧化苹果酸及乙二醇的催化反应动力学

文章采用分光光度法研究了酸性介质中,2,2’-联吡啶(bpy)催化Cr(VI)氧化苹果酸(Mal)及乙二醇的反应动力学,分别考察了两种[R]、[H+]、[bpy]]对kobs的影响。结果表明:反应对Cr(VI)是准一级,对苹果酸及乙二醇均是一级。在保持准一级反应条件([还原剂]0[Cr(VI)0)下,该反应的表观速率常数kobs都随[H+]、[bpy]的增加而增大。通过比较Cr(VI)氧化苹果酸及二元醇的反应,发现同一温度下乙二醇的速率常数大于苹果酸的速率常数。     

Capacity of Cr(VI) reduction in an aqueous solution using different sources of zerovalent irons

Zerovalent iron (ZVI) has drawn intense interest as an effective and inexpensive tool to enhance degradation of various environmental contaminants. Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ZVI merits environmental concern as a hazardous species is transformed into a non-hazardous one. Objectives of this research were to assess kinetics and capacity of Cr(VI) reduction by different sources of ZVIs, of which chemical parameters can base in situ application of ZVI to treat Cr(VI) contaminated water. Reduction kinetics were first-order and rapid showing that 50% of the initial Cr(VI) was reduced within 7.0 to 347 min depending on Cr(VI) concentration, temperature and ZVI source. The reduction rates were increased with decreasing the initial Cr(VI) concentrations and increasing the reaction temperatures. The J ZVI (Shinyo Pure Chemical Co., Japan) was more effective in Cr(VI) reduction than PU (Peerless Metal Powders, USA). The maximum reduction capacities of J and PU ZVIs at 25°C were 0.045 and 0.042 mmol g⁻¹ Fe⁰, respectively. A relatively higher value of the net reaction energy (E _a ) indicated that Cr(VI) reduction by ZVI was temperature dependent and controlled by surface properties of ZVI. Chemical parameters involved in the Cr(VI) reduction by ZVI such as temperature quotient, kinetic rates, and stoichiometry indicated that the ZVI might be effective for in situ treatment of the Cr(VI) containing wastewater.     

Gamma irradiated orange peel for Cr(VI) bioreduction

This work presents the γ irradiation (600–3500 kGy) and acid hydrolysis onto orange peel for hexavalent chromium removal. SEM, AFM, TGA-DSC, FTIR, and UV-Vis showed that γ rays enhance degradation and cleavage of orange peel cellulose polymeric chains, increasing the presence of reducing sugars after acid hydrolysis (0.1552 g/g biomass, 3500 kGy). Bioreduction kinetics of Cr(VI) using both solid and solubilized liquid fractions of γ irradiated biomass showed a direct correlation between the applied dose and Cr(VI) removal, reaching 100% of Cr(VI) reduction at pH 2 and 3500 kGy. Cr(VI) reduction is explained as a function of hydrolyzed reducing sugar oxidation.     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin

Series of resin selection experiments were carried out and the KIP210 strong base anion exchange resin was confirmed to have the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater. The adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics of Cr(VI) on KIP210 resin were investigated completely and systematically. The static experiments were performed to study the effects of various parameters, such as shaking speed, resin dosage and pH during the adsorption process. The results indicate that the effect of external diffusion is eliminated at 160 rpm, the best pH value is 3.0 and the removal percentage of Cr(VI) increases with the increase of the resin dosage. The adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 agrees well with the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption parameters of thermodynamics are ΔH = 26.5 kJ mol⁻¹, ΔS = 126.7 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ and ΔG < 0. It demonstrates that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on KIP210 is a spontaneously endothermic physisorption process. Moreover, the adsorption process can be described well by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the activation energy is 30.9 kJ mol⁻¹. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption rate is controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The resin is successfully regenerated using the NaOH solutions.     

Well-designed ZnIn2S4/TiO2 Z-type heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ photocatalyst was obtained by a facile hydrothermal method. Various techniques were used to characterize the ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂, crystal structure and optical properties of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂. Cr (Ⅵ) as highly-toxic pollutant was used as the target reduction product to evaluate the catalytic performance of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ under visible light irradiation. According to the experiment results, the reduction rate of Cr(VI) in the presence of ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ reaches 99% within 60 min, which is much better than ZnIn₂S₄ and TiO₂, respectively. At the same time, ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ also performs good stability for reduction rate hardly changes after 5 recycling experiments.     

A new bioinorganic process for the remediation of Cr(VI)

Palladised biomass of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 29577 (bio‐Pd(0)) effected reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under conditions where biomass alone or chemically‐prepared Pd(0) were ineffective. Reduction of 500 µmol dm^?3 Cr(VI) by 0.4 mg cm^?3 bio‐Pd(0) (Pd : biomass ratio of 1:1) was achieved from 1 mol dm^?3 formate/acetate buffer at pH 1–7 at room temperature; the optimum pH was 3.0. The ratio of mass of Pd : dry mass of biomass, and the need for finely ground bio‐Pd(0) were important parameters for optimal Cr(VI) reduction, with a ratio of 1:1 giving 100% reduction of 500 µmol dm^?3 Cr(VI) within 6 h at room temperature, decreasing to 30 min following heat treatment of the Pd(0)‐loaded biomass. The reduced Cr was recovered quantitatively as soluble Cr(III) at pH 3.0 with no poisoning of the bioinorganic catalyst with respect to continued reduction of Cr(VI). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Studies of adsorption behavior of crosslinked chitosan for Cr(VI), Se(VI)

In this work, it was found that crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) had strong adsorption ability for some anions under certain conditions. Cr(VI) and Se(VI) existed in anion forms in aqueous solution, and their adsorption rates by CCTS were 97% for Cr(VI) at pH 3.0 and 95% for Se(VI) at pH 4.0. In addition, the adsorption balance time and isotherm of CCTS for Cr(VI) and Se (VI) were discussed and adsorption mechanism was explained. This research will be useful for designing CCTS‐based adsorption for metallic toxin removal and preconcentrating Cr(VI) and Se(VI) in their trace analysis. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 3216–3219, 2000