一种全氟辛基两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

对一种全氟辛基两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂协同作用进行了研究,考察了该表面活性剂与无机盐、阴离子碳氢表面活性剂、阴离子氟碳表面活性剂和非离子氟碳表面活性剂的复配性能,并对结果进行了讨论。研究表明:该两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂自身表面张力为24.0 mN/m;电解质氯化钠对该两性磷酸酯氟碳表面活性剂影响显著,可使表面张力下降到22.4 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)可使表面张力降至21.4 mN/m;阴离子氟碳表面活性剂全氟丁基磺酸钾和四乙基全氟辛基磺酸铵分别使表面张力降至20.9 mN/m和20.2 mN/m;而非离子氟碳表面活性剂N-乙基-N-聚氧乙烯(9)醚-全氟辛基磺酰胺能使表面张力降至20.9 mN/m。     

FC—911阳离子氟表面活性剂

随着我国经济的高速发展,氟碳表面活性剂的应用领域不断扩大,FC-911阳离子表面活性剂就是其中的一种。它以技术含量高,附加值大,性能特殊,用量少而著称。本文着重介绍了FC-911的性能、生产,所需原料及应用领域。     

全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酸钠/十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系的溶液性能

研究了全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酸钠(OBS)与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配比对其水溶液表面张力、油水界面张力、铺展性能及发泡性能的影响。结果表明,OBS/SDS复配比对其水溶液性能影响显著,不同复配比产生不同的协同效果。部分复配体系水溶液与OBS单一组分水溶液相比,表面张力虽略有增加,但油水界面张力显著降低,因此,铺展性能显著改善,原来在环己烷上不铺展,复配后变得铺展。当OBS和SDS按摩尔比0.46∶1复配后,配成浓度为6.17 mmol/L的水溶液其铺展性能最佳,可以在环己烷上快速铺展,并且大幅度减少了OBS氟碳表面活性剂的用量,约降低了46%,大大降低了生产成本;当OBS与SDS按摩尔比为0.15∶1复配时体系油水界面性能、发泡性能的协同效果最好。同时,对不同复配比OBS/SDS的水溶液的最佳铺展浓度进行了研究,发现由表面张力确定的临界胶束浓度并非最佳铺展浓度,二者之间有一定偏差,该差异取决于氟碳表面活性剂和碳氢表面活性剂的性质及配比。     

两性氟碳/碳氢表面活性剂复配体系的润湿性能

论述了表面活性剂的润湿机理,测定了13种表面活性剂在不同浓度下的表面张力和0. 1%浓度下的界面张力,重点研究了氟碳两性表面活性剂F1157与非离子碳氢表面活性剂XL-50、TMN-6、APG-0810以及与甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂BS-8、BS-12、CAB的配伍增效能。从表面张力、界面张力和铺展面积得出最佳增效配比。当F1157和XL-50的质量比为1:(6~8)时,界面张力降至0. 4 m N/m;当F1157和TMN-6的质量比为1∶(6~10)时,界面张力降至0. 24 m N/m;当F1157和APG0810的质量比为1∶(3~10)时,界面张力降至0. 063 m N/m。F1157与碳氢甜菜碱的增效性表现在铺展面积优于非离子,同碳数的F1157和BS-8质量比为1∶5时,铺展面积达到最大值99 mm~2。为降低氟碳表面活性剂的使用成本、开拓新领域的应用提供参考。     

Intechem-1氟碳表面活性剂溶液性能研究

以六氟丙烯环氧化合物齐聚体为原料,合成一种新型非离子氟碳表面活性剂。测试其表面张力、临界胶束浓度以及发泡性能等物化性质,与Du Pont1157相比,其水溶液表现出更加优异的表面活性,同时在环己烷、汽油和丙酮表面具有良好的铺展性能。     

新型三硅氧烷表面活性剂在低能固体表面的铺展性能研究

以测试表面活性剂溶液在固体表面铺展能力的方法,研究了温度、湿度和外加电解质浓度对新型双尾三硅氧烷表面活性剂1 L溶液在石蜡等低能固体表面的铺展性能的影响,结果表明:测试铺展性能也能大致求出表面活性剂1L的临界润湿浓度(CWC);1L溶液的铺展能力是随着温度和湿度的升高而增强的;较低的外加电解质浓度有助于提高1L溶液的铺展性能。实验说明,表面活性剂1L作为润湿剂或铺展剂使用时可以选择在较高的温度和(或)湿度下使用,以及(或者)通过添加适量的电解质的方法来提升其铺展能力,而且使用的浓度应该要在其CWC以上。     

基于短碳链氟碳表面活性剂合成及复配性能测试

合成了一种以短碳链全氟丁基磺酰氟为基础的氟碳表面活性剂,并通过IR、19FNMR、1HNMR等对其进行结构表征,证明合成产物为目标产物,并选用称重法测得产物的表面张力为17.05mN/m,cmc为1.12%。通过氟碳-碳氢表面活性剂的复配,极大地降低了其复配体系的表面张力和cmc,为短碳链氟碳表面活性剂在水成膜灭火剂中的应用提供理论支持。     

几种表面活性剂在乙醇溶液中的泡沫性能研究

研究了几种典型表面活性剂(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠AE_3S、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-9、烷基糖苷APG-1214、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱CAB、有机硅表面活性剂FC-7160)在纯水溶液和50%乙醇溶液中的泡沫性能。结果表明,只有有机硅表面活性剂可以在50%乙醇溶液里起泡。通过测定平衡表面张力发现只有有机硅表面活性剂可以降低50%乙醇溶液的表面张力,而在加入碳氢表面活性剂后,乙醇溶液的表面张力没有变化。     

新型树枝状非离子表面活性剂的温度与盐效应研究

以3.0代聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM G-3.0)为起始剂,合成了一种新型树枝状非离子表面活性剂。通过表面张力与稳态荧光法研究了其在水溶液和无机盐溶液中的表面性质与聚集行为,并考察了温度对其性质的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,表面活性剂的表面张力逐渐降低,但在研究的温度范围内,临界胶束浓度(CMC)的变化不大。当加入质量浓度为1.0%的NaCl、NaBr及Na2SO4时,均使其表面张力增大;而3种无机盐的加入,对表面活性剂CMC的影响不大。     

表面张力法探究温度对表面活性剂临界胶束浓度的影响

临界胶束浓度是表面活性剂的一个重要性质。本文用表面张力法测定了非离子型表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。结果表明,随着温度升高,非离子型表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度反而会降低。对温度影响表面活性剂临界胶束浓度的机理进行了初步分析。     

假捻变形机在线张力控制方式分析

根据假捻变形机张力控制原理,分析了似捻变形机在线张力控制方式。通过调节D/Y比控制解捻张力(T_2)是最有效的方式,但必须采用单锭电机和变频器;通过调节丝条在假捻装置中的摩擦力来控制T_2,具有实用价值,对于皮圈式摩擦假捻装置和叠盘式摩擦假捻装置,都能实现生产过程中的T_2控制,在生产中有利于控制产品质量。     

混合流体汽液及液液界面张力分子模型

应用定标粒子理论表面张力方程以及 vd W- 1型混合规则 ,计算了混合流体的表面张力 ,对 64个二元体系 ,7个三元体系的表面张力计算平均相对偏差为 0 .80 %和 2 .43% ;应用 Boudh- Hir和 Mansoori提出的部分互溶体系的界面张力模型 ,给出了硬球直径的确定方法 ,对 37个部分互溶二元含水体系的界面张力进行了计算 ,绝对平均偏差为 1 .5m N/m,相对平均偏差为 8.9% ,计算精度满意。     

Synthesis and Surface-Active Behavior of New Fluorinated Hyperbranched Polymer

In this article, a series of novel hyperbranched fluorinated polymer with polyglycerol (PG) as the hydrophilic core and poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) as solvophobic arms were synthesized. When the atom transfer radical polymerization was carried out using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent, [M]/[I] ratio of 200, and [CuBr]/[N_Br] ratio of 0.1 at 30 °C, controlled polymerization was achieved. The surface active properties of the polymer at the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/air and chloroform/water interface were studied by pendant drop measurements. The results showed that the copolymers could reduce surface tension (interfacial tension) in a manner analogous to the conventional surfactant in aqueous solutions. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the solvophobic PTFEMA chains play an important role in determining the driving force of the aggregate formation in DMSO.     

如何提高吹塑薄膜的收卷质量

从理论上分析了影响吹塑薄膜收卷质量的两方面因素--成型工艺条件的控制和设备的结构及控制.在此分析的基础上提出了改进薄膜收卷质量的措施,即通过控制工艺条件来保证薄膜厚度的均匀性;通过控制收卷过程的前张力和膜层的保持张力来实现卷取膜卷的紧密度和平整度.     

Interfacial activity of narrow-range alcohol oxyethylates

Surface and interfacial tension isotherms for narrow-range distribution ALFOL 1214 alcohol oxyethylates were determined and compared with those obtained for broad-range alcohol oxyethylates. Various adsorption parameters were estimated. The effectiveness of surface tension reduction decreases when the length of polyoxyethylene hydrophile increases. Micellization is observed at log cmc ranging from −4.7 to −3.3. Effects of the length and distribution of the polyoxyethylene chain on cmc are very small. A minimum of A _min/N _av ^0.5 is obtained for N _av=8, where A _min and N _av denote the minimum interfacial area occupied by a statistical molecule at the saturated interface and the average degree of oxyethylation, respectively. The interface becomes saturated at pC ₂₀=−5.61±0.35, where pC ₂₀ denotes the logarithm of concentration required to obtain the surface pressure equal to 20 mNm⁻¹. The highest and lowest values of the surface excess at saturation and the free energy of adsorption, respectively, are obtained for an average degree of oxyethylation equal to 8. Parameters are correlated with the average degree of oxyethylation and the oxyethylene chain distribution parameter according to empirical second-order polynomials. Small differences in adsorption abilities at the water/air interface are only observed for narrow- and broad-range distributed oxyethylates. The differences become important for adsorption at the hexadecane/water interface. The lowest values of interfacial tension are obtained for narrow-range oxyethylates with N _av=7 and 8. The Krefeld fabric detergency tests indicated that the best detergency was observed for alcohol oxyethylates with N _av=5–7. Narrow-range oxyethylates exhibit somewhat better washing abilities than the broad-range products. No relationship between detergency of alcohol oxyethylates and their abilities to adsorb at the water/air and water/hydrocarbon interfaces is observed.     

表(界)面张力测定方法的研究进展

综述了表(界)面张力的测量原理和方法;详细分析了适合高温、高压、不同气氛影响以及动态表面张力的测量方法、表面张力仪器建立时需要注意的问题和影响测量结果准确度的因素以及其发展趋势;指出了在煤液化工艺和石油加氢工艺中考察气氛对表面张力影响时最好采用最大气泡法和悬滴法。     

Interfacial tension from the height and diameter of sessile drops and captive bubbles with an arbitrary contact angle

A method has been developed to calculate the interfacial tension of sessile drops and captive bubbles of arbitrary contact angle by measuring the drop diameter and vertical distance to the apex at arbitrary horizontal planes within the drop. The procedure works in theory for any contact angle with an accuracy on the order of 0.1%. However, practical limitations reduce the range of angles to roughly 50°–180° but do not restrict the range of interfacial tensions (at least 0.01 mJ/m² to 72.0 mJ/m²). The optimal strategy is to use the method at several points on a single drop and to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the resulting interfacial tensions.     

一种阴离子表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

合成了一种阴离子型双醚双苯磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂,测定该系列Gemini表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力(γcmc)分别为:32.00mN/m、28.41 mN/m、29.76 mN/m、33.20 mN/m,临界胶束浓度(cmc)分别为:0.79mmol/L、0.87 mmol/L、1.02 mmol/L、0.84 mmol/L;该Gemini表面活性剂(DPDAS-12)可在无碱,浓度为0.35%条件下,将油/水界面张力降至1.2×10-3mN/m的超低水平;可有效改变岩石表面润湿性,可将亲油表面(θ=114°)改变为弱亲油(θ=69.3°),可将亲水表面(θ=26.0°)改变为弱亲水表面(θ=34.0°)。     

Factors affecting the aeration of small bitumen droplets

Small bitumen droplets, roughly 10 to 40 μm in diameter, constitute a significant fraction of the total hydrocarbon in an oil sands flotation process. In this study, the aeration of such droplets is examined—both from a surface energetic perspective as well as from direct observations. The spreading coefficient associated with bitumen aeration is evaluated based on in situ measurements of interracial and surface tensions. In addition, micropipette techniques are employed to monitor the aeration process and to quantify the probability of aeration. Our results suggest that a positive spreading coefficient does not always guarantee the aeration of bitumen droplets, and that such a process may best be described from a statistical stand point.     

长链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚丙酸盐的合成与性能

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、丙烯酸甲酯、氢氧化钠为主要原料,经过加成、皂化反应,合成脂肪醇醚丙酸盐(AEP)。采用IR、质谱对产物结构进行了表征,证明所得产物即为目标产物。测定了AEP的相关性能,结果表明,C12AEP在25℃时,CMC和γCMC分别为0.236 mmol/L和26.63 mN/m;采用稳态荧光法以芘(Py)为荧光探针,测定C12AEP的胶束栅栏层的微极性,较一般表面活性剂小;AEP与甜菜碱(B)复配体系界面张力受硬度、盐度及复配比例的影响较大,C18AEP与甜菜碱(B)复配体系可达到3.98×10-3mN/m的超低界面张力,可适用于石油的三次开采。