中国特色植物资源化妆品的产品设计思路与探索

阐述并探索中国特色植物资源化妆品的产品设计思路,提出"以药的思路开发化妆品"的理念,将药和化妆品的开发特点相结合,从红景天植物原料开发、中国特色植物配方开发、产品安全及功效验证三大核心环节进行逐一阐述,经验证表明红景天精华液是集稳定、安全、功效三大要素于一体的,同时为中国特色植物资源化妆品的开发和设计开拓了创新之路.     

天然植物及其护肤功效

回归自然是当今化妆品的发展趋势,越来越多的天然植物原料被应用到化妆品中。介绍了一些天然植物原料的护肤功效,探讨了天然植物化妆品的研发可能存在的问题,展望了天然植物在化妆品中的应用前景。     

中国特色植物原料的创新开发与挑战

本文以笔者公司的原料研究为例,探讨了中国特色植物原料在化妆品中的开发与创新,提出了中国特色植物原料开发的要素,指出质量标准是原料品质的体现,实效是原料开发的目标,技术加乘是原料创新之源.进一步提出中国特色植物原料组合的概念,从经方、验方、效方、组方4个方面进行论述,为中国特色植物资源化妆品开拓了创新之路.     

化妆品原料标准现状及缺失分析

化妆品的质量很大程度上取决于所用原料，通过分析和整理化妆品原料标准，发现目前国家和行业化妆品原料标准主要包括《化妆品安全技术规范》限用、准用物质，可能含有害杂质的原料、基础原料和功效成分这几类，团体标准更侧重于制订基础成分的原料标准和植物提取物的原料标准。有不少常用原料虽然没有化妆品专用的标准，但是可以参考、借鉴其他行业的标准。总体而言，有质量标准的原料仅占《已使用化妆品原料目录》中的小部分，热门的纳米成分标准缺失，植物提取物原料标准中的特征性指标设定也有所欠缺。缺乏统一的化妆品原料标准给企业的质量控制、政府部门的监督带来了不小的困难，今后建议加强可能含有害杂质的化妆品原料、功效性成分、纳米成分和植物提取物的原料标准制订，完善化妆品原料标准化体系。     

全天然／有机化妆品市场

概述了全天然/有机化妆品市场的发展状况,随着消费者对更天然、更安全化妆品的追崇,天然化妆品市场发展迅速.介绍了欧盟一些国家,如德国、法国和意大利等国的天然化妆品的市场概况以及发展现状.同时对欧洲一些天然化妆品原料及品牌进行了介绍.提出了天然和有机原料是目前化妆品市场的最佳卖点.目前涉及销售"有机产品"或"天然产品"的法规尚属空白,提出尽早建立天然化妆品认证标准的重要性.分析了目前天然化妆品市场所面临的困惑.表明具有抗氧化功效的植物提取物和具有其他功效的活性天然产品已经发展为一个大的产业,天然产品已成为当今的流行趋势.对天然化妆品发展状况、未来趋势及发展前景进行了回顾和展望.     

炮制技术在化妆品植物原料开发中的应用

简要介绍了炮制方法,重点综述了植物通过炮制技术富集抗衰老、美白、抗敏等功效物质而实现增效的目的;最后总结了化妆品植物原料开发前景及存在的问题,为炮制技术在化妆品植物原料中的应用提供科学依据。     

天然植物油脂在化妆品中的应用

叙述了油脂在化妆品中的功效性评价及天然植物油脂的市场现状,介绍了植物油脂的重要活性物ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸）的皮肤功效及天然植物油脂的重要来源。指出,以植物油脂为原料的天然化妆品将越来越受到消费者喜爱。     

植物型添加剂在化妆品中的应用前景

本文通过对化妆品产业现状和天然植物资源的来源和功效的简要介绍，分析了天然植物化妆品的市场前景和技术发展概况，并对植物新原料的开发进行了预测。     

云南特色植物资源在化妆品中的研究与应用

基于植物提取物的安全性及功效性,植物资源已被广泛应用于医药、食品、农业等领域,中草药等特色植物的开发是我国植物化妆品的独特优势。据《2021年云南省生态环境状况公报》显示,云南有已知高等植物19 333种（占全国50.1%）,其中中国特有高等植物8 772种,211种植物为云南地区特有或仅在云南地区分布。近年来,云南特色植物在化妆品功效原料筛选、有效成分提取、功效验证等研究上均取得成效,成为未来化妆品市场发展的重要趋势。文章从云南16市州的地貌特点以及云南地区特色植物资源的区域分布、生长季节和产量概况出发,首次系统分析粗茎秦艽（Gentiana crassicaulis）、赤桉（Eucalyptus camaldulensis）、云南重楼（Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis）、铁皮石斛（Dendrobium officinale）等22种云南特色植物资源在祛痘、保湿、美白、抗皱紧致等功效化妆品中的应用现状及前景,为云南特色植物作为化妆品功效原料的研究和应用提供理论支持。     

植物成分在护肤型化妆品中的功效研究进展

简要介绍了植物成分在皮肤美白、保湿、抗衰老、防晒、抗炎以及化妆品的防腐抑菌等方面的作用,综述了近年来国内外学者对植物成分的各种功效的研究成果,并总结了植物成分在应用方面的现存问题。同时,结合当今消费者对化妆品的需求,对未来植物原料在化妆品中的应用提出建议并进行展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。