Copper ⇌ Alkali Ion Exchange of Alkali Aluminosilicate Glasses in Copper-Containing Molten Salt: II, Divalent Copper Salts, CuCl2 and CuSO4

The ion-exchange mechanism between copper and alkali ions, when 20R₂O · 10Al₂O₃· 70SiO₂ (R = Li, Na, and K) glasses are immersed in divalent copper-containing molten salts in air and nitrogen at 550°C, has been investigated. In molten CuCl₂, the ion-exchange behavior in both air and nitrogen was very close to that in molten CuCl in air reported previously. This is explained by assuming that CuCl₂ decomposes into CuCl and Cl₂ at 550°C and the Cu⁺ ions thus formed mainly diffuse in glasses to replace alkali ions, where Cl₂ acts as an oxidizing agent just like oxygen. In the case of molten CuSO₄─₂SO₄, a small amount of Cu⁺ which is present in the molten state plays a primary role in the Cu ⇌ R⁺ ion exchange process, although the contribution of direct Cu²⁺⇌ 2R⁺ ion exchange cannot be ignored.     

离子交换树脂对铜离子吸附交换行为的研究

采用335弱碱性阴离子交换树脂交换吸附酞菁绿废水中高含量的铜离子。研究结果表明,335OH型树脂的交换吸附和脱附性能均优于701Cl,701OH及335Cl树脂,其干树脂的静态吸附交换容量大于120mg/g,工作交换吸附容量43.68mg/g,单柱20BV时铜的去除率可达93%以上,双柱串联处理60BV的去除率在99.91%以上,可确保出水中铜含量达到国家二级排放标准。选用8%HCl溶液为脱附剂,脱附率大于95%,从脱附液中可回收氧化铜,从而实现资源化的目的。树脂经再生后可重复使用,性能稳定,具有良好的应用前景。     

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Study on the local Environment around Copper in Low Thermal Expansion Copper Aluminosilicate Glasses

The local environment around copper in the Cu₂O·Al₂O₃·4SiO₃ and CuO·Al₂O₃·4SiO₂ glasses was investigated using the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique. It has been found that each Cu(I) in the former glass is coordinated to two oxygens through covalent Cu(I)-O bonds. This is the primary reason for its low thermal expansion coefficient (∼10 × 10⁻⁷ K⁻¹). In the latter glass, which was made by heating the former glass at 600°C in air, each Cu(II) is coordinated to four oxygens and the bonds are ionic in character, contributing to the increase in the thermal expansion coefficient to ∼30 × 10⁻⁷ K⁻¹.     

银离子交换法制备光致变色玻璃的组成研究

本文应用差热分析、透射电镜、扫描电镜和X射线能谱等实验方法，研究了R2O-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2系统玻璃组成对其分相、离子交换以及光色性能的影响规律；确定了能获得良好光色性能的最适宜玻璃组成范围。     

Transport Studies of Monovalent Ions through Nafion-117 Ion Exchange Membrane in Presence of Polyacrylate

The results of equilibrium distribution and transport kinetics of monovalent (Li⁺, Na⁺, and Cs⁺) ions through Nafion-117 ion exchange membrane in presence of polyacrylate anion have been presented. For Na⁺-Li⁺ system, equilibrium distributions in the presence and absence of polyacrylate have been found to be the same indicating that the Donnan membrane equilibrium is not affected by the presence of polyacrylate. For the Na⁺-Cs⁺ system, a favored transport of Cs⁺ ion to the polyacrylate compartment has been observed, indicating the binding of Cs⁺ ion with polyacrylate is stronger than other monovalent ions. This is due to the lower hydration radius of Cs⁺ ions. The deviation from Donnan membrane equilibrium condition has been used to obtain information about the fraction of counter-ions bound to the polyacrylate. The transport profile in the presence of polyacrylate has also been calculated based on the modified Nernst Planck (NP) approach, taking into account the fraction of counter-ions bound to the polyacrylate ion. The Donnan relation has been used to obtain the concentration of ions at the solution/membrane interface. The self-diffusion coefficients of ions and membrane ion exchange capacity have been given as input parameters in the calculations. The calculated time profile has been found to agree well with the experimental time profile.     

可编程序控制器在离子膜制碱工艺联锁中的应用

综述了AB可编程序控制器在离子膜制工艺联锁控制中的应用，实现了联锁的最优控制，该系统在大庆油田氯碱厂投运两年多，运行良好，响应时间快，动作准确，免于维护，取得了较好的经济效益。     

大孔离子交换树脂应用的研究进展

主要介绍大孔离子交换树脂在水处理、冶金工业、化学工业、医药以及环保等方面应用的进展,对解决大孔离子树脂在处理工业废水、医药和食品生产中的实际问题提出一些建议。     

水处理中离子交换树脂再生时酸碱耗的降低

为了降低水处理中离子交换树脂再生时的酿碱耗，根据生产上对水质要求，水处理的设备、工艺条件等情况，采用逆流再生双层床工艺，通过调整试验确定最优酸碱耗，酸耗＜40-45g／mo1；碱耗63．85g／mo1。提高了总平均工作交换容量，取得了较好的经济效益。     

离子交换树脂催化酯化研究进展

与传统的无机催化剂相比,离子交换树脂表现出良好的催化性能并且能回收再利用。本文简单介绍了离子交换树脂的种类,重点介绍了离子交换树催化剂在酯化反应中的应用进展。     

用二步法离子交换对手机玻璃面板进行强化和韧化

一步法离子交换对手机玻璃盖板增強,已在生产中应用,玻璃表面应力值虽然很高,但玻璃的抗冲击強度不高。两步法可以优化玻璃表面应力的分布,减少内部张应力,从而提高玻璃的抗冲击强度,而且还可以有效地利用硝酸钾熔盐。本文综述二步离子交换法所用熔融盐组成、温度制度以及玻璃表面应力分布,讨论了两步离子交换法增靱的机理。     

KOH对离子交换增强硼硅酸盐玻璃性能的影响

采用低温型离子交换法对硼硅酸盐玻璃进行增强。以掺有添加剂KOH的KNO3混合熔盐作为离子交换源,研究KOH掺入量对硼硅酸盐玻璃抗折强度、显微硬度和透过率的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察离子交换后试样的表面形貌和结构。研究结果表明:KNO3熔盐中的WKOH/WKNO3为0.5时,硼硅酸盐玻璃的抗折强度和显微硬度都取得了最大值。     

离子交换技术在糖品工业中的应用

阐述了离子交换技术在糖的纯化、差向异构化及分析检测方面的应用。     

用铜粉处理酸性镀铜溶液中的氯离子

研究了用铜粉处理酸性镀铜溶液中氯离子的机理和方法,实验表明,向酸性镀铜溶液中加入铜粉,金属铜与Cu2+离子和氯离子反应生成氯化亚铜沉淀。用铜粉处理酸性镀铜溶液中的氯离子效果较好,向镀液中加铜粉1g/L,氯离子的去除率为58.9%,而向镀液中加锌粉1g/L,氯离子的去除率为36.8%。     

铜粉处理酸性镀铜溶液中氯离子的机理

阐明了用铜粉处理酸性镀铜溶液中氯离子的机理,理论分析和实验表明,在酸性镀铜溶液中,Cu2+离子与铜粉反应生成Cu+离子,同时氯离子与Cu+离子反应生成氯化亚铜沉淀.向镀液中加铜粉1g/L,氯离子的起始质量浓度为174mg/L时,氯离子的去除率为58.9%,而向镀液中加锌粉1g/L,氯离子的去除率为47.0%,用铜粉处理...     

Copper-Alkali Ion Exchange of Alkali Aluminosilicate Glasses in Molten CuCl—An Ion Exchange Controlled by the Cu+→Cu2+ Oxidation Reaction in Glass

The kinetics of copper-potassium ion exchange of potassium aluminosilicate glass have been investigated in molten CuCl at 550°C in air and nitrogen. The presence of oxygen dissolved in molten CuCl has a great effect on the Cu-K ion-exchange kinetics, i.e. ion exchange in nitrogen is controlled by the interdiffusion process of Cu⁺ and K⁺ in the glass, whereas ion exchange in air seems to be controlled by the Cu⁺→Cu²⁺ oxidation reaction.     

亚铜离子在聚丙烯酰胺聚合反应中的作用及分析方法

分析了铜离子特别是亚铜离子对AM（丙烯酰胺）聚合反应的影响，同时给出了各自的测定方法。得到亚铜离子的含量虽然低，但确是影响聚合丙烯酰胺的主要因素的结论，对其进行精确测量，能有效控制AM工艺，并提高PAM的分子量。     

Carbon Dioxide Regeneration of Ion Exchange Resins and Fibers: A Review

Alternative chemicals for the regenerant of ion exchangers have been the subject of research for the past sixty years. The advances spanning this time period have been significant and demonstrated at the laboratory, pilot, and commercial scale. The use of carbon dioxide as a regenerant has several significant benefits including cost savings, waste minimization, and carbon dioxide sequestration, with applications including: chemical synthesis, desalination, demineralization, metals removal and hardness removal. Having originally been pursued as a means of reducing costs of regenerant chemicals, regeneration with carbon dioxide has also been described as a non-polluting separation process and has shown significant environmental benefits. Its use as a regenerant circumvents the use of brines, strong acids, or other aggressive chemicals and with the advent of new materials such as ion exchange fibers, the list of potential applications will continue to grow. This review discusses some of the significant advances during the history of this environmentally benign regeneration process.     

离子交换树脂在污酸净化中的应用

以烟气制酸排放污酸为研究对象,使用离子交换树脂脱出污酸中重金属。通过试验得出：该材料对重金属的脱出效率达到99.82%。当材料吸附饱和之后进行反冲洗脱附,脱附之后材料再次恢复吸附重金属之功能,从而开辟了一条污酸净化的技术途径。     

离子交换膜处理电镀废水

本文针对电镀行业废水处理中存在的问题，提出了将离子交换膜应用于离子交换洗脱液的分离处理。并对各室对应物的浓度以及电流效率与时间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明，将该工艺应用于分离处理离子交换换洗脱液，无论是从环境治理角度，还是经济效益方面分析都是一种可行的方法之一。