一种改进的粒子滤波算法及其性能分析

针对非线性、非高斯系统状态的在线估计问题,提出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法。该算法采用Unscented卡尔曼滤波器（UKF）产生系统的状态估计,并在量测更新过程中加入衰减记忆因子,消弱滤波器对历史信息的依赖,增强当前量测信息对滤波器的修正作用,从而产生一个优选的建议分布函数,较好地抑制了粒子退化问题。理论分析和实验表明：引入记忆衰减因子的粒子滤波,即衰减记忆无味粒子滤波（MAUPF）的性能明显优于标准的粒子滤波以及Unscented粒子滤波。     

新型粒子滤波算法及其在纯方位目标跟踪中的应用

针对基本粒子滤波算法没有融合当前时刻观测值的缺点,提出了一种卡尔曼粒子滤波算法。该算法针对每一个粒子使用卡尔曼滤波器进行更新,在更新过程中融合最新的观测信息,提高粒子滤波器的估计精度。针对纯方位目标跟踪问题进行实验,与基本粒子滤波算法及卡尔曼滤波进行了对比。实验结果表明,卡尔曼粒子滤波算法的跟踪性能明显优于其他两种算法。     

基于混合卡尔曼粒子滤波算法的期权定价方法

针对金融领域的期权定价问题,为提高粒子滤波算法对期权价格的估计精度,提出使用混合卡尔曼粒子滤波算法(MKPF)进行期权价格预测,该算法使用Unscented 卡尔曼滤波器和扩展卡尔曼滤波器作为混合建议分布产生重要采样密度.在某一时刻,每一个粒子首先经过Unscented卡尔曼滤波器更新得到一个状态估计值,然后以该估计值作为扩展卡尔曼滤波器的先验估计再次更新粒子,得到该时刻最终的估计值.实验中针对经典的Black-Scholes期权定价公式,使用包括MKPF算法在内的4种算法对期权价格进行预测,结果表明MKPF算法预测的期权价格与真实期权价格的误差最小,证明了MKPF算法在期权定价问题中的有效性.     

基于引力场优化的Unscented FastSLAM2.0算法

为了改进Unscented Fast SLAM2.0算法重采样过程中的"粒子退化"和"粒子贫化"问题,本文提出了一种基于引力场优化的Unscented Fast SLAM2.0算法.首先采用Unscented粒子滤波器替代扩展卡尔曼滤波估计移动机器人路径后验概率,然后采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器对环境进行估计更新,最后用引力场优化思想优化重采样过程:在重采样中每个采样粒子近似成宇宙灰尘,通过引力场的移动因子产生作用驱动粒子集更快朝着真实的机器人位姿状态逼近,改善粒子退化问题:通过自转因子的自转作用,避免粒子过分集中,保障了粒子多样性.实验结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

多模噪声中粒子滤波算法研究

粒子滤波是一种解决非高斯滤波问题的有效方法,受到许多领域的研究人员的重视。在扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的基础上,提出一种基于多层感知器(MLP)的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。利用扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波器和MLP对当前时刻状态重要性采样,引入MLP对样本进行重采样。该算法能有效利用测量值的最新信息,对状态估计的误差更小。在实验中,对于多模噪声非线性系统,该算法与另外算法进行比较。结果证明,所提算法性能优异于其他算法。     

迭代测量更新CDKF的粒子滤波方法

为了提高中心差分卡尔曼粒子滤波（CDKFPF）算法跟踪时的估计精度,提出了一种基于迭代测量更新CDKF的粒子滤波（ICDKFPF）新算法。该算法利用迭代中心差分卡尔曼滤波的最大后验概率估计产生粒子滤波的重要性密度函数,并用Levenberg-Marquardt方法对状态协方差进行修正,使粒子的观测信息得到充分有效的利用,更加符合真实状态的后验概率分布。仿真结果表明,所提出算法的估计性能要明显优于标准的粒子滤波（PF）和中心差分卡尔曼粒子滤波（CDKFPF）。     

复数型扩展卡尔曼滤波算法在感应电机 直接转矩控制系统中的应用

针对传统算法中存在的数字信号处理器(DSP)运算速度要求高因而容易产生较大的延迟的问题.提出一种复数型扩展卡尔曼滤波观测器(ECKF)对感应电机进行状态估计,将得到的定子磁链和电机转速应用于直接转矩控制系统中,实现感应电机的无速度传感器控制.采用感应电机复数模型进行滤波器设计可以简化感应电机状态方程的维数并有效减少滤波算法计算量.由于复数型扩展卡尔曼滤波器在实现过程中没有矩阵求逆的运算,并且与常规扩展卡尔曼滤波器相比具有更低的维数,因此DSP的运算时间得到了有效的降低,提高了滤波器状态估计的快速性.仿真和实验结果验证了所提出的复数型扩展卡尔曼滤波器有效性和可行性.     

改进粒子群算法优化扩展卡尔曼滤波器电机转速估计

针对感应电机扩展卡尔曼滤波器转速估计中难以取得卡尔曼滤波器系统噪声矩阵和测量噪声矩阵最优值的问题, 提出了一种基于改进粒子群算法优化的扩展卡尔曼滤波器转速估计方法。算法通过融合遗传算法和粒子群算法的优点, 采用可调整的算法模型对粒子群算法进行改进, 将改进的粒子群算法对扩展卡尔曼滤波器中的系统噪声矩阵和测量噪声矩阵进行优化处理, 将优化后的卡尔曼滤波器应用于感应电机转速估计。仿真实验表明, 与试探法、标准粒子群算法及遗传算法比较, 改进粒子群算法优化的扩展卡尔曼滤波器能够有效提高转速估计的精度, 从而提高无速度传感器矢量控制系统的控制性能。     

一种改进的粒子滤波算法及其在说话人跟踪中的应用

针对非线性、非高斯系统状态的在线估计问题,提出一种改进的粒子滤波算法,该算法综合考虑"优选建议分布函数"和"重采样"两种并行改进滤波性能的方法.首先通过Unscented卡尔曼滤波器产生系统的状态估计,并在协方差预测阶段引入衰减记忆因子,消弱滤波器对历史信息的依赖,增强当前量测信息对滤波器的修正作用,从而产生一个优选的建议分布函数,有效抑制了粒子退化现象;接着在重采样阶段引入MCMC(Markov Chain Monte Carlo)方法来构造马尔科夫链产生服从目标分布的粒子,使样本更加多样化,有效避免了粒子枯竭问题.最后,通过系统仿真及说话人跟踪实验,证明了该算法的有效性.     

非高斯噪声中的粒子滤波算法研究

在非线性非高斯动态系统中,粒子滤波已成为解决系统参数估计和状态滤波的主流方法。然而,粒子退化是粒子滤波中不可避免的现象,粒子重采样是解决方法之一。本文针对粒子退化现象,在扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础上研究了一种基于支持向量机粒子滤波算法,算法实现中扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波器结合支持向量机对当前时刻的重要性采样,再对粒子样本进行重采样。该算法能有效地利用量测值的最新信息,状态估计误差较小,同时避免了粒子匮乏。理论分析和仿真结果表明,新算法在双模噪声非线性系统估计的精度优于标准粒子滤波算法与扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波算法。     

非线性间歇过程的迭代学习状态估计

在间歇过程的状态估计中,如何充分利用多批次重复特性信息是一个挑战。迭代学习卡尔曼滤波方法利用卡尔曼滤波沿时间方向估计相邻两批次之间的状态误差,并沿批次方向迭代更新当前状态估计,兼顾了时间和批次两维特性。但是,这种方法只适用于线性系统。针对非线性间歇过程,提出一种迭代学习拟线性卡尔曼滤波器(ILQKF)方法。ILQKF基于间歇过程的标称模型,将实际状态与标称状态之间的误差作为新状态,建立了与误差相关的线性化模型。然后,根据迭代学习卡尔曼滤波方法,对状态误差进行估计,而状态轨迹为误差轨迹与标称轨迹之和,从而估计出非线性间歇过程的状态。啤酒发酵过程的应用仿真验证了ILQKF方法的优越性。     

Constrained Kalman filtering via density function truncation for turbofan engine health estimation

Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. This article develops an analytic method of incorporating state variable inequality constraints in the Kalman filter. The resultant filter truncates the probability density function (PDF) of the Kalman filter estimate at the known constraints and then computes the constrained filter estimate as the mean of the truncated PDF. The incorporation of state variable constraints increases the computational effort of the filter but also improves its estimation accuracy. The improvement is demonstrated via simulation results obtained from a turbofan engine model. It is also shown that the truncated Kalman filter may provide a more accurate way of incorporating inequality constraints than other constrained filters (e.g. the projection approach to constrained filtering).     

Applying REC analysis to ensembles of particle filters

Particle filters (PF) are sequential Monte Carlo methods based in the representation of probability densities with mass points. Although currently most researches involving time series forecasting use the traditional methods, particle filters can be applied to any state-space model and generalize the traditional Kalman filter methods, providing better results. Furthermore, it is well-known that for classification and regression tasks ensembles achieve better performances than the algorithms that compose them. Therefore, it is expected that ensembles of time series predictors can provide even better results than particle filters. The regression error characteristic (REC) analysis is a powerful technique for visualization and comparison of regression models. The objective of this work is to advocate the use of REC curves in order to compare traditional Kalman filter methods with particle filters and analyze their use in ensembles, which can achieve a better performance. This work is an extended version of the paper presented at the 2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) [1].     

基于SRCKF 的自适应高斯和状态滤波算法

针对非线性非高斯离散动态系统中的状态估计问题,基于高斯和递推关系,提出一种高斯和状态估计算法GSSRCKF.首先将状态噪声、观测噪声及滤波初值均表示为高斯和的形式,以平方根容积卡尔曼滤波为子滤波器分别估计各高斯子项对应的系统状态;然后结合各子项对应的权值实现全局估计;最后设计高斯子项对应权值的自适应策略,并采用约简控制法降低计算复杂度.仿真结果验证了所提出的算法在滤波稳定性方面的优越性.     

无迹卡尔曼滤波算法在污水处理BSM1过程中的应用研究

污水处理过程具有多变量、强非线性和强扰动等特性,且系统输入具有随机性,不同天气状况和不同时间段的污水的排量不同.扩展卡尔曼滤波存在估计精度低和鲁棒性差等缺陷,当系统模型参数变化和外界环境噪声较大时,扩展卡尔曼滤波估计性能下滑.将无迹卡尔曼滤波算法应用到污水处理系统中,并与扩展卡尔曼滤波算法相比较,结果显示,无迹卡尔曼滤...     

非线性动态滤波的迭代算法

阐述了标称状态的线性化方法和扩展的卡尔曼滤波公式及迭代卡尔曼滤波，探讨了非线性动态滤波的近似处理方法，围绕标称状态将非线性模型进行线性化，将标准的卡尔曼滤波扩展到非线性模型，得到扩展的卡尔曼滤波公式，研究了迭代滤波计算方法。扩展的卡尔曼滤波方法已经有效地用于非线性模型。     

Analysis of filtering and smoothing algorithms for Lévy-driven stochastic volatility models

Filtering and smoothing algorithms that estimate the integrated variance in Lévy-driven stochastic volatility models are analyzed. Particle filters are algorithms designed for nonlinear, non-Gaussian models while the Kalman filter remains the best linear predictor if the model is linear but non-Gaussian. Monte Carlo experiments are performed to compare these algorithms across different specifications of the model including different marginal distributions and degrees of persistence for the instantaneous variance. The use of realized variance as an observed variable in the state space model is also evaluated. Finally, the particle filter's ability to identify the timing and size of jumps is assessed relative to popular nonparametric estimators.     

An Improved Dual Unscented Kalman Filter for State and Parameter Estimation

A dual unscented Kalman filter (DUKF) is used to estimate the state and the parameter simultaneously via two parallel unscented Kalman filters. The original DUKF usually has performance degradation as a result of assuming the control inputs of each filter are constant, which usually are disturbance inputs or systematic measurement errors in the control system. An improved dual unscented Kalman filter (IDUKF) with random control inputs and sequential dual estimation structure is derived and applicable to the system in which the parameter is linearly observed and uncorrelated with the state. The accuracy, observability, and computational efficiency of the new filter are discussed. Then, the expansibility of the IDUKF for nonlinear parameter observed substructures is investigated. Finally, two simulation experiments about space target tracking and typical time series filtering are shown. The theoretical analyses and simulation results demonstrate the following. (1) the IDUKF can obtain higher accuracy than the original DUKF and a comparative accuracy with the JUKF (joint unscented Kalman filter) when the state and the parameter are not strongly correlated; (2) the IDUKF has better applicability than the DUKF when the state is correlated with the unknown parameter; (3) when the modeling error is not ignorable, the IDUKF is more robust and more accurate than the JUKF due to lower sensitivity to the modeling error.     

State estimation of nonlinear dynamic systems using weighted variance-based adaptive particle swarm optimization

New heuristic filters are proposed for state estimation of nonlinear dynamic systems based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE). The methodology converts state estimation problem into dynamic optimization to find the best estimate recursively. In the proposed strategy the particle number is adaptively set based on the weighted variance of the particles. To have a filter with minimal parameter settings, PSO with exponential distribution (PSO-E) is selected in conjunction with jDE to self-adapt the other control parameters. The performance of the proposed adaptive evolutionary algorithms i.e. adaptive PSO-E, adaptive DE and adaptive jDE is studied through a comparative study on a suite of well-known uni- and multi-modal benchmark functions. The results indicate an improved performance of the adaptive algorithms relative to original simple versions. Further, the performance of the proposed heuristic filters generally called adaptive particle swarm filters (APSF) or adaptive differential evolution filters (ADEF) are evaluated using different linear (nonlinear)/Gaussian (non-Gaussian) test systems. Comparison of the results to those of the extended Kalman filter, unscented Kalman filter, and particle filter indicate that the adopted strategy fulfills the essential requirements of accuracy for nonlinear state estimation.