论单位生产总值钢产量及钢产量、钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放

单位生产总值钢产量指标对于调控钢产量,开展钢铁行业的节能、降耗和减排工作具有重要意义。首先给出了单位生产总值钢产量定义式,引入了"在役钢量"概念及其计算式;然后对单位GDP钢产量的定义式进行了两次变换,导出具有分析功能的新定义式;并以新定义式和钢产量计算式、钢铁行业能耗、物耗和排放计算式为依据,对钢产量及钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放进行了分析;最后,进行了与钢铁行业相关各参数的分类,并提出全面推进钢铁行业节能、降耗、减排工作的总体看法。     

Kinetics and mechanism of FeSn2 diffusion growth on electrolytic tinplate steel

In order to gain an insight into the diffusion mechanisms, the kinetics of FeSn_z growth in electrolytic tinplate in the region of the melting point of tin has been investigated.The kinetics data below 232 °C suggest a law of growth deviating from that describing net volume diffusion. This implies a combining contribution of both, volume and grain boundary diffusion in the alloy growth. The periodic break of the experimentally found curves of alloy growth indicates penetration depth of lattice and grain boundary diffusion of about the same range of the observed dimensions of the crystallites.     

Bionics growth mechanism of nodular eutectic in as-cast manganese steel

It is well known that all substances in the universe exist stably in the lowest energy state, and a ball of substance with the same volume reveals the lowest surface energy. Therefore, without the interference of external factors, many plants grow freely into the nodular form from a nucleus, such as a peach or a plum. It is also found that after modification, the eutectic in as-cast manganese steel grows freely into a nodular shape, the growth pattern of which is similar to that of a peach or a plum. Thus here it is shown that some non-plants have a close parallel growth mechanism to that of plants. The mechanism is used for mutual reference between plants and non-plants when their growth mechanisms are studied.     

午睡在中国的流行性及原因分析

午睡在我国到底有多么流行?午睡在我国流行的原因是什么?为了回答这两个问题,作者在国内进行了一项问卷调查。调查结果表明,午睡在我国的确非常流行,占被调查人80％以上,比国外进行过同类研究的国家都要流行。午睡的主观原因有2个,即人们认为午睡后下午和晚上的精神会好些,午睡可以弥补晚上睡眠的不足。午睡的客观原因是人们有时间午睡。绝大多数被调查者认为午睡是有必要或者非常必要。这些调查结果对如何在我国实行午睡的改革有重要参考价值。     

Characteristics of single vehicle rollover fatalities in three Australian states (2000-2007)

An analysis of 2000–2007 single vehicle rollover fatalities in three Australian states was carried out using data from the Australian National Coroners Information System. In this paper, successive selection criteria were applied to the initial dataset to analyse:

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  Occupant fatalities in single passenger car crashes (1743 cases),

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  Occupant fatalities in single passenger car rollovers (474 cases),

overall, rollovers accounted for 35% of all occupant fatalities in a single vehicle transport injury event. For these fatalities, the occupant was ejected or stayed contained in equal proportions. However, results showed strong disparities between the more urban and densely populated states of New South Wales and Victoria, compared to the Northern Territory in terms of crash type distribution and containment of the occupant. Differences were also found in rollover initiation, speed at initiation and number of turns. Overall, the strongest association of fatal neck/thoracic spine injuries with head injuries was found for the contained, restrained occupant. This analysis of single vehicle rollover fatalities is consistent with previous findings. It also shows that in Australia, strategies for rollover injury risk mitigation will need to take into account a broad range of characteristics to be effective.     

A study on the mechanism of serrated grain boundary formation in an austenitic stainless steel

Measurement of the activation energy for the formation of serrated grain boundaries (GB) has been carried out to understand its underlying formation mechanism in an AISI 316 stainless steel. The apparent incubation time necessary to initiate grain boundary serration was obtained at different aging temperatures, and the apparent activation energy for serration was carefully calculated from the Arrhenius relationship between incubation time and aging temperature. The activation energy for GB serrations in this alloy was measured to be approximately 148 ± 20 kJ mole⁻¹, which is consistent with the activation energy for lattice diffusion of carbon in γ-iron (142 kJ mole⁻¹). This result indicates that GB serration could be controlled essentially by the lattice diffusion of carbon to grain boundaries. Based on the through-thickness observation of serrated GBs, a straight boundary began to serrate from the surface at an early stage of the aging treatment, and then the serrated parts propagated throughout the entire grain boundary.     

Impact of ICT development on economic growth. A study of OECD European union countries

Most of the scientific literature recognizes a positive impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth. In contrast, different investigations suggest that this impact is limited or even null, that is, there are mixed results.In view of this problem, we conducted a study whose objective is to analyse the impact of ICT on economic growth.To address the study, we apply Partial Least Squares (PLS), using the databases of Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which allowed us to analyse those European Economic Community countries, members of the OECD, in order to reduce the differences in economic development between the countries analysed. As far as we know, this is the only work that studies the relationship between ICT and economic growth by measuring ICT with the Digital Economy and Society Index database (DESI), in European Union countries that belong to the OECD and that apply the PLS-SEM technique.Based on the empirical results, the paper suggests that progress in the deployment and use of ICT drives the economic growth of countries that are within the framework of developed European economies.     

A study of the growth mechanism of CVD-grown ZnO nanowires

ZnO nanowires were grown by CVD process using both pure Zn powder and a mixture of ZnO and graphite powders as the Zn source, and the key factors controlling nanowire growth were identified. In both processes, the partial pressure of zinc vapor determines the prevailing growth morphology and is sensitive to the growth conditions. In the case of Zn powder as the source, the predominant growth mechanism is driven by self-catalyzed growth on the Si substrate, and in the case of a mixture of ZnO and graphite used as the source, the formation of ZnO nanowires is controlled by the vapor–liquid-solid mechanism, where the gold particles serve as catalyst.     

氢气流量对定向碳纳米管生长的影响及其生长机理研究

采用催化热解法,以二茂铁和二甲苯分别作为催化剂和碳源,在不同H2流量下,直接在硅基底上生长定向碳纳米管阵列.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对样品进行观察和表征,并研究了H2流量对定向碳纳米管生长的影响和碳纳米管定向生长的机理.结果表明:H2在反应过程中起刻蚀作用,H2流量为60cm3/min时,生长的碳纳米管定向性最好.