面包小麦品质和产量若干性状的相关性

利用国内外40个面包小麦品种(系)进行了品质和产量若干性状的相关性分析，结果表明，SDS-沉降值与籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量间呈显著正相关，与比沉降值、伯尔辛值、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质评分之间呈极显著正相关；籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与比沉降值、伯尔辛克值、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质评分之间没有相关性。籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与株粒重、收获指数、穗粒数呈显著或极显著负相关；SDS-沉降值、伯尔辛克值与株粒重等产量性状间几乎没有相关性；比沉降值与株粒重呈弱的正相关，与收获指数呈显著正相关。讨论认为，在现阶段我国小麦品质育种中，筛选和利用具有优良蛋白质品质，比沉降值高的亲本资源来选育高产优质新品种，具有十分重要的意义。     

面包质地品质性状的研究 II面包小麦烘烤品质的逐步回归分析

测定面包小麦品种的常用品质性状 ,经过选择后 ,确定其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉降值、Zeleny沉降值、Pelshenke值、溶涨值、和面仪曲线和粉质仪曲线特征值及种子贮藏蛋白高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基评分等为研究对象。结果表明 ,同美国优质面包小麦相比 ,首届面包小麦品种的蛋白质含量和沉降值较高 ;面包体积较大 ,但是面包质地品质 (三项品质评分 :平滑度、弹揉性和内部结构 )表现较差 ;研究的 14个品质特征值变幅较大 ,研究材料表现出不同的蛋白质含量和不同的面筋强度等特点 ,通过逐步回归分析 ,对面包体积影响突出的性状是SDS沉降值、粉质仪形成时间、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基评分和Pelshenke值 ;对面包的质地品质贡献突出的性状是Zeleny沉降值、和面曲线的和面时间、粉质仪的形成时间和Pelshenke值     

麦谷蛋白聚合体含量与小麦粉质量性状相关性研究

利用9个小麦高世代品系(F7),含118个株系为研究材料,研究了蛋白质组分及谷蛋白聚合体(GMP)含量与微量SDS沉降值及面筋指数的相关性.结果表明:清球蛋白含量与微量SDS沉降值无相关性,谷蛋白含量与微量SDS沉降值及面筋指数均呈极显著正相关;GMP含量、GMP/TPP、GMP/CP、GMP/SGP以及TPP/CP对微量SDS沉降值有极显著的正向作用,其中GMP的贡献最大;GMP含量、GMP/TPP、GMP/CP与面筋指数呈显著或极显著正相关,其中GMP/TPP与面筋指数的相关性最高.偏相关分析表明:微量SDS沉降值变异平方和的60.58%可由其与TPP%、GMP%和GMP/SGP的线性关系来说明;通径分析结果显示:GMP含量与微量SDS沉降值的相关性主要是由其直接效应提供,GMP含量是影响微量SDS沉降值的第一因素.研究结果指出,西南麦区小麦品质改良中GMP含量,面筋指数可作为优质面条、馒头小麦的早代选择指标.     

不同类型专用小麦HMW-GS和GMP含量与面筋含量的关系

高分子质量谷蛋白质亚基(HMW-GS)是决定小麦加工品质的重要因子,以25个小麦品种为材料,采用SDS-PAGE电泳方法研究亚基组成、各位点(Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1)亚基积累量、谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量及其与面筋含量的关系.研究结果表明:低蛋白小麦品种HMW-GS组成主要以"N、7+8/7+9、2+12"亚基组合为主,高蛋白小麦品种HMW-GS组成则主要以"1、7+8/7+9、5+10"亚基组合为主,中等蛋白小麦品种兼有以上两种类型亚基组合;亚基组成相同的小麦,籽粒GMP含量和蛋白质含量仍有较大差异.相关分析表明,HMW-GS亚基总积累量与籽粒蛋白质含量和GMP含量呈极显著正相关,与干、湿面筋含量成正相关;GMP含量与干、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量均呈极显著正相关,说明小麦品质类型虽与HMW-GS组成有关,但亚基积累强度不同可能是导致籽粒品质类型差异的重要因素之一.     

二系杂交小麦HMW-GS组合与品质关系的研究

高分子质量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的组成及含量是影响小麦加工品质的主要因素之一。以小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS20、BS210和BS366与17个恢复系配制的86个正反交组合为试材,研究二系杂交小麦正反交组合HMW-GS组成与蛋白质含量、沉淀值、揉混仪曲线的和面时间、八分钟带宽和衰弱角斜率等品质性状的关系。采用SDS-PAGE方法分析了杂交种的HMW-GS的组成,结果表明,正反交组合HMW-GS组成相同,在所有参试材料中普遍存在劣质亚基N和2+12,其频率分别是44.2%、67.4%,而优质亚基5+10所占比例仅为20.9%。HMW-GS对正交和反交组合的F1代品质性状的影响研究结果表明,Glu-D1位点对正反交品质性状的贡献最大;正交和反交组合的亚基及组合对大多数品质性状的影响无显著差异,因此正交和反交组合间的品质性状不具有明显的母体效应;正交和反交的亚基及亚基组合对品质性状的影响趋势一致,其对小麦品质参数的影响力大小分别为:在Glu-A1位点,1/1>N/1>N/N;Glu-B1位点,7+8/7+8>7+8/7+9≥7+9/7+9;Glu-D1位点,对蛋白质含量、八分钟带宽的影响力为2+12/5+10>2+12/2+12>2+12/4+12,对SDS沉降值、和面时间和衰弱角斜率的影响力为2+12/5+10>2+12/4+12>2+12/2+12;在所有参试的杂交组合中,组合1/1,7+8/7+8,2+12/5+10的品质最好。     

小麦粉品质与北方优质馒头品质关系的研究

对 39个小麦品种的面粉品质和制成品馒头的品质进行了研究。结果表明 :小麦粉面筋含量与馒头的直径和体积高度相关 ;稳定时间与馒头的扩展比极显著负相关 ;沉降值与馒头的高度和体积相关性显著。研究还发现 :面筋含量与面团质量具有一定的互补作用 ;蠕变值与面筋含量、稳定时间及沉降值极显著相关 ,且与馒头的总评分有较好的相关性和对应性。适合北方优质馒头所需馒头专用粉的品质指标为 :湿面筋含量2 8%～ 33% ,稳定时间 3～ 7min ,蠕变值 >10 0 0mm3/g ,SDS沉降值 >30mL。     

溶剂保持力与小麦部分品质性状的关系

为阐明溶剂保持力与小麦品质性状的关系,并为小麦品质评价提供参考,以品质差异较大的19份小麦品种(系)为材料,分析了SRC与籽粒硬度、AWRC、淀粉黏度特性和蛋白质品质性状间的关系.结果表明:水SRC、碳酸钠SRC、乳酸SRC与籽粒硬度、AWRC间极显著正相关(r=0.708～0.862),蔗糖SRC与籽粒硬度间相关不显著,与AWRC间相关显著(r=0.546);4种SRC皆与糊化温度问呈极显著或显著负相关(r=-0.569～-0.682),除水SRC、碳酸钠SRC与峰值时间呈显著正相关外(r=0.496,0.465),SRC与其他淀粉黏度特性指标间相关皆不显著;水SRC与蛋白质品质性状间相关不显著,碳酸钠SRC与SDS沉降值间相关显著(r=0.475),与其他指标间皆相关不显著,蔗糖SRC与蛋白质含量间相关显著(r=0.469),乳酸SRC与蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值间相关显著(r=0.466,0.559),与湿面筋含量、面筋指数和Zeleny沉降值间相关不显著.     

面包质地品质性状的研究Ⅱ面包小麦烘烤品质的逐步回归分析

测定面包小麦品种的常用品质性状,经过选择后,确定其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、ＳＤＳ沉降值、Ｚｅｌｅｎｙ沉降值、Ｐｅｌｓｈｅｎｋｅ值、溶涨值、和面仪曲线和粉质仪曲线特征值及种子贮藏蛋白高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基评分等为研究对象。结果表明,同美国优质面包小麦相比,首届面包小麦品种的蛋白质含量和学降值较高;面包体积较大,但是面包质地品质（三项品质评分：平滑度、弹揉性和内部结构）表现较差;研究的１４个品质特征值变     

小麦粉中高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及含量与小麦粉品质关系的探讨

选取6种不同的小麦粉,利用SDS-PAGE分离高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS),并根据分子量大小采用凝胶成像扫描确定亚基的组成和含量;同时通过对面筋含量、水分、灰分、蛋白质含量及面团的流变学性质等的全面测定来评价小麦粉品质,从而对HWM-GS的种类及含量与小麦粉的品质关系进行初步探讨.结果显示HMW-GS的亚基组成及含量与小麦粉的品质有明显的相关性:同时具有5 10、7 8亚基的小麦粉,亚基蛋白的总含量为0.35 mg/ml,小麦粉的湿面筋含量最高、稳定时间最长、粉力、抗延伸阻力和拉力比数均较高;仅含5 10或仅含7 8亚基的小麦粉,虽然单个亚基对蛋白质含量基本没变,但其小麦粉的品质指标如湿面筋含量、稳定时间、粉力、抗拉力、拉伸比等明显的下降;仅含7 8亚基较仅含5 10亚基的小麦粉的粉力、抗拉力及拉伸比大.同时含有5 10和7 9亚基的小麦粉其品质较好,而同时具有5 10、7 9和8亚基的小麦粉的粉力、抗拉力及拉伸,较只具有5 10、7 9的小麦粉高.提示7 8、8亚基的存在对小麦粉的拉伸特性有影响.     

基因型和环境对我国冬播麦区小麦品质性状的影响

本研究选用全国冬播麦区４８ 个主栽品种和优良品系,在１５ 个代表性地点于１９９５ － １９９６ 年度进行联合多点试验,考察了千粒重、容重、角质率、硬度、出粉率、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、和面时间、耐揉性和降落值。结果表明：不同地区的品种,其千粒重、容重和蛋白质含量差异较小,但角质率、硬度和出粉率差异较大,即北部冬麦区＞ 黄淮冬麦区＞ 长江中下游冬麦区＞ 西南冬麦区;北部冬麦区品种的湿面筋含量和降落值高于长江中下游冬麦区和西南冬麦区,而沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性则是南方冬麦区优于北方冬麦区品种。面筋强度弱是我国小麦加工品质差的主要原因。对主要品质性状进行了相关分析,小麦品质性状间的相关系数受环境条件的影响,不同地区品质性状间的相关系数不同。根据方差分析结果,基因型对主要品质性状的作用大小依次为：硬度＞ 和面时间＞ 沉降值＞ 角质率＞ 耐揉性＞ 湿面筋含量＞ 降落值＞ 蛋白质含量＞ 干粒重＞ 容重     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press