Use of some agricultural waste hull ashes for the regeneration of fried sunflower oil

The present study was aimed at improving the quality of fried sunflower oil. Synthetic (Magnesol XL), natural (diatomaceous earth) and hull ashes of rice, wheat and barley (agriculture plant wastes) were used to adsorb the oxidation products of fried sunflower oil. The mineral pattern (Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Al, Mn and Cu) of the aforementioned substances were determined. The physico-chemical properties [refractive index, viscosity, colour, smoke point, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, conjugated dienes and trienes, polar content, polymer content and oxidised fatty acids] of non-fried, fried and fried-treated sunflower oil were determined. The frying process was carried out at 180 °C ± 5 °C for 20 h, 4 h heating cycle per day for five consecutive days. The fried sunflower oil was treated with synthetic, natural and agricultural hull ashes at 105 °C for 15 min. The results indicate that Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth, rice hull ash, wheat hull ash and barley hull ash contained Si + Mg + Mn, Si + Mn + Ca, Si + Mn, Si +Mn and Mn + Si as the basic metals, respectively. Frying of sunflower oil led to significant increase in refractive index, viscosity, colour, smoke point, acid value, peroxide value, TBA value, conjugated dienes and trienes, polar content, polymer content, and oxidised fatty acids and decrease in iodine value. Treatments of fried sunflower oil with the aforementioned substances greatly improved the quality of fried oil. Under the present experimental conditions all adsorbing substances performed similarly in removing the fried sunflower oil oxidation products.     

脱臭工艺对葵花籽油品质的影响

研究脱臭工艺对葵花籽油品质的影响,分析在不同脱臭温度、脱臭时间条件下,葵花籽油酸值、过氧化值、生育酚、角鲨烯、甾醇和反式脂肪酸的变化情况。结果表明:随脱臭温度升高,脱臭时间的延长,酸值、过氧化值逐渐降低,生育酚、甾醇、角鲨烯含量显著减少,反式脂肪酸含量增加。通过研究葵花籽油在不同脱臭工艺条件下的品质变化情况,以期为葵花籽油实际脱臭工艺提供数据支持。     

高温短时烹饪过程中葵花籽油的品质变化

目的考察烹饪过程中葵花籽油的品质变化规律。方法选取非重复性的短时高温烹饪方式,考察器具材质、温度、时间和食品成分对葵花籽油过氧化值、酸值和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果葵花籽油的过氧化值变化受器具材质、烹饪温度和时间的交互影响,在不锈钢锅210℃高温烹饪8 min的条件下,食品成分(水、食盐、蔗糖、大豆分离蛋白)添加对过氧化值无明显影响。烹饪条件及食品成分添加对葵花籽油酸值的影响程度偏弱,但蔗糖添加可致酸值显著增加(P0.05)。葵花籽油主要由亚油酸(61.81%)、油酸(31.64%)、棕榈酸(2.50%)和硬脂酸(1.64%)组成,经不同条件烹饪处理后,其脂肪酸组成比例并未发生显著变化。结论作为食用油的质量评价指标,过氧化值、酸值和脂肪酸组成并不能有效反映其烹饪品质。     

Change in colour and rheological behaviour of sunflower seed oil during frying and after adsorbent treatment of used oil

Improvement in colour and viscosity of used sunflower seed oil was studied because the reuse of recovered oil could provide considerable savings to food processors. In this study, 50 consecutive deep-fat fryings were done by using potato samples in sunflower seed oil at 170 °C. Significant changes in sunflower seed oil were observed during frying. Change in viscosity and Hunter colour parameters were investigated. These parameters were determined on oil samples taken periodically during frying, and after adsorbent treatment. A predetermined optimum adsorbent mixture (2% pekmez earth, 3% bentonite and 3% magnesium silicate by weight) was applied for colour and viscosity recovery of used oil. Both the adsorbent-treated and untreated used oils showed Newtonian behaviour. Significant increase in oil viscosity was observed during frying. Frying caused a decrease in Hunter L value and an increase in a, b and TCD values of used oil samples. Adsorbents improved the Hunter L, a and b values significantly as well as TCD values, but not the viscosity of the used oil. All the Hunter parameters and TCD followed zero order reaction kinetics. Good agreement was observed between calculated and measured data (r=0.986–0.996).     

The recovery of used sunflower seed oil utilized in repeated deep-fat frying process

In this study, 50 consecutive deep-fat fryings were done by frying potato samples, each weighing 100 g, in sunflower seed oil at 170 °C. Significant chemical and physical changes in sunflower seed oil were observed during frying. A number of official methods were used to evaluate its adsorption abilities including free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), conjugated dienes at 232 nm, secondary oxidation products at 270 nm and specific heat value determination. These parameters were determined in oil samples taken after each of the ten fryings before and after adsorbent treatment. A mixture of 2% pekmez earth, 3% bentonite, and 3% magnesium silicate was used as the adsorbent mixture. The FFA content of oil increased from 0.17 to 0.29% during frying. The use of adsorbents reduced FFA content of the used oil to 0.13%, i.e., a value below the FFA content of fresh oil (0.17%). Peroxide values decreased during frying because of decomposition of peroxides at high temperatures. A significant reduction was obtained in peroxide and conjugated diene values (K₂₃₂ value) due to the adsorbent treatment. However, the treatment increased the amount of secondary oxidation products (K₂₇₀ value). The specific heats of untreated used oil were higher than specific heats of adsorbent treated used oil over the entire frying process.     

葵花籽油体富集物添加量对低脂冰淇淋浆料及产品品质的影响

为了探究葵花籽油体富集物在冰淇淋中应用的可行性,以葵花籽油体富集物作为脂肪来源制备低脂冰淇淋,在无均质条件下研究葵花籽油体富集物添加量对低脂冰淇淋浆料和产品品质的影响。结果表明：冰淇淋浆料的黏度、储能模量和损耗模量都随葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加而增大,当葵花籽油体富集物添加量为3.5%～4.0%时黏度与对照组相当;浆料中不易流动水和结合水的比例随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加逐渐增大,在4.0%时达到最大;冰淇淋的膨胀率和抗融率随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加先增大后减小;添加葵花籽油体富集物的冰淇淋色泽较差;冰淇淋的硬度和咀嚼性变化规律一致,都是随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势,弹性变化则相反;冰淇淋黏附性随着葵花籽油体富集物添加量的增加而升高;葵花籽油体富集物添加量为2.5%时冰淇淋感官评分最高。合适的葵花籽油体富集物添加量可以起到与棕榈油相似的效果,因此葵花籽油体富集物可以应用在冰淇淋中。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析冷榨和热榨葵花籽油的挥发性物质

采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对冷榨葵花籽油和不同炒籽温度下的热榨葵花籽油的挥发性物质进行分析。结果表明:葵花籽油样品中共检测出59种挥发性物质,主要是萜烯类、醛酮类、烷烃类、杂环类及羧酸类物质;冷榨葵花籽油的挥发性物质主要是萜烯类、烷烃类及醛酮类物质,含量分别为38.96%、16.19%和12.20%;炒籽温度110、130、150℃下的热榨葵花籽油的主要挥发性物质的种类与冷榨葵花籽油的相似,但含量有很大区别,而170℃和190℃下的热榨葵花籽油的主要挥发性物质是吡嗪等杂环类物质和醛酮类物质。     

添加胡萝卜、燕麦及葵花籽油替代猪背膘对低脂乳化肠品质的影响

研究了添加胡萝卜、燕麦及用葵花籽油替代部分猪背膘对低脂乳化肠(脂肪添加量7%)质构特性、持水特性、色泽及感官品质的影响。单因素实验结果表明,添加胡萝卜10%、燕麦1%及葵花籽油替代动物脂肪50%可较好的改善低脂乳化肠的品质,乳化肠硬度、咀嚼性及弹性与对照组C(脂肪添加量20%)相比差异不显著(p>0.05),持水特性及色泽也得到明显改善(p<0.05),产品的感官评分与对照组C相比更令人满意。在单因素实验的基础上采用两因素(胡萝卜添加量、植物油替代率)三水平设计,进一步优化配方,结果表明,添加胡萝卜12.5%、燕麦1%及用葵花籽油替代猪背膘45%为最优配方,按照此配方生产出的低脂乳化肠恢复到对照组C的质构特性,产品的弹性及感官品质甚至优于对照组C。     

利用葵花籽油强化香菇风味的研究

以香菇为原料,研究葵花籽油对其制浆特征风味成分形成的影响。实验结果表明,葵花籽油可显著强化香菇浆的特征香气,鲜香菇形成特征风味强于干香菇;葵花籽油强化香菇香气的反应条件为:保温时间40 min,反应温度30℃,葵花籽油添加量为0.4%;滋味调整的配方为:盐4%,糖2%,味精0.5%,I+G 0.3%。     

Use of sunflower oil mixed with jojoba and paraffin oils in deep-fat frying process

The aim of the present study was to increase the stability of sunflower oil during frying process and to obtain low-calorie fried foods. Therefore, sunflower oil was mixed separately with jojoba oil and paraffin oil at ratios of 9:1 and 8:2 (v/v). The frying process was conducted at 180 ° ± 5 °C for 12 h continuous heating time. Some physico-chemical properties (refractive index, viscosity, colour, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid test, iodine value and polymer content) of non-fried and binary fried oil systems were measured at various heating periods. The results demonstrated that mixing sunflower oil with jojoba oil or paraffin oil increased the stability and hence improved the quality of sunflower oil during frying process.     

Antioxidant activity of ginger extract in sunflower oil

The antioxidant activity of dichloromethane extract from ginger was evaluated during 6 months of storage of refined sunflower oil at 25 and 45 °C. Free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (POV) and iodine value (IV) were used as criteria to assess ginger extract as an antioxidant. After 6 months of storage at 45 °C, sunflower oil containing 1600 and 2400 ppm ginger extract showed lower FFA contents (0.083 and 0.080%) and POVs (24.5 and 24.0 meq kg^?1) than the control sample (FFA contents 0.380%, POV 198.0 meq kg^?1). Sunflower oil containing 200 ppm butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) showed FFA contents of 0.089 and 0.072% and POVs of 26.5 and 24.7 meq kg^?1 respectively after 6 months of storage at 45 °C. Similarly, after 6 months of storage at 45 °C, IVs of sunflower oil containing 1600 and 2400 ppm ginger extract were 80 and 92 respectively, higher than that of the control sample (53). However, IVs of sunflower oil treated with 200 ppm BHA and BHT were 94 and 96 respectively after 6 months of storage at 45 °C. These results illustrate that ginger extract at various concentrations exhibited very strong antioxidant activity, almost equal to that of synthetic antioxidants (BHA and BHT). Ginger extract also showed good thermal stability and exhibited 85.2% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid when heated at 185 °C for 120 min. Therefore the use of ginger extract in foods is recommended as a natural antioxidant to suppress lipid oxidation. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

超临界CO2流体萃取技术提取葵花籽油的研究

研究了葵花籽油的超临界CO2提取工艺,探讨了粉碎度、CO2流量以及萃取时间、温度、压力对葵花油萃取率的影响,并检测了超临界萃取葵花油的质量。结果表明,超临界CO2流体萃取葵花油的最佳工艺条件为粉碎度40目、CO2流量40kg/h、萃取压强30MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间120min,此条件下葵花油的萃取率可达96.82%,所萃取出的葵花油外观为淡黄色透明油状物,香气纯正,其质量与纯精炼油接近。     

葵花籽调和油抗氧化性研究

以葵花籽油为主,选用新鲜的花生油、小麦胚芽油作为调和油的原料油,按照一定比例调制成富含VE的葵花籽调和油.再通过正交实验和二次回归正交实验确定了大蒜油、脂溶性茶多酚等作为抗氧化剂在调和油中的最佳添加量.调和油储藏6个月后,以油中VE、酸值、过氧化值和羰基值来衡量其抗氧化效果.     

高效液氮加注技术对葵花籽油品质和产品包装的影响北大核心CSCD

采用高效液氮加注技术对葵花籽油进行灌装,并与气氮加注、气液氮混合加注技术进行对比,研究其对葵花籽油品质和产品包装的影响。结果表明:3种充氮方式样品的酸值和过氧化值变化趋势基本一致;液氮加注样品常温储藏5个月后酸值(KOH)和过氧化值分别为0.07 mg/g和1.45 mmol/kg,与常温储藏相比,液氮加注样品45℃储藏5个月后酸值无差别,过氧化值稍有降低,为1.30 mmol/kg;液氮加注和气液氮混合加注样品初始及储藏过程中的过氧化值比气氮加注样品的稍高;常温下3种充氮方式样品的初始残氧值相差不大,但储藏过程中液氮加注和气液氮混合加注样品的残氧值明显低于气氮加注样品;常温下液氮加注样品瓶内存在正压,其满瓶抗压能力优于气氮加注和气液氮混合加注样品。     

葵花籽油的超声波提取及抗氧化研究

研究了超声波强度、处理时间、溶剂用量、处理次数对葵 花籽油提取率的影响,得出最佳处理参数为:超声波强度 200kw/m2,处理15min,样品与溶剂比(g:mL)1:7,提取2 次,葵花籽油提取率较高。抗氧化研究采用SchaaI烘箱 法,即在葵花籽油中加入几种不同的抗氧化剂63±1℃条 件下进行加速氧化,结果表明,二丁基对甲苯酚、没食子 酸丙酯、特丁基对苯二酚对葵花籽油均有明显的抗氧化 作用,其中特丁基对苯二酚效果较好,柠檬酸对其具有协 同增效作用,添加50mg/kg柠檬酸抗氧化效果显著。     

葵花籽油脱蜡工艺的应用

介绍了葵花籽油的脱蜡工艺过程,对葵花籽油脱蜡的主要工序进行了阐述,对脱蜡过程中的问题及处理方法等进行了探讨。     

葵花籽油的氧化稳定性研究

以葵花籽油的酸值和过氧化值为评价指标,考察了温度、光照、金属离子、氧气、水分对葵花籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明：温度、光照、金属离子、氧气、水分均会引起储藏过程中葵花籽油的酸值和过氧化值的升高,且温度和水分影响较明显;40℃下试样放置24 d后的酸值和过氧化值分别达到1.03 mgKOH/g和19.2 meq/kg;Cu2＋对于葵花籽油过氧化值的影响大于Fe2＋;氧气短期内不会促进葵花籽油酸值的上升;添加了1%和2%水分的葵花籽油的酸值相差不大,均大于未加水样品,且水分含量越高,过氧化值增加越快。     

Optimisation of sunflower oil deodorising: balance between oil stability and other quality attributes

The effect of deodorising on basic quality attributes of sunflower oil (free fatty acids, colour, oil stability, total tocopherols) was investigated. The results revealed that the levels of all these quality attributes decreased significantly during the deodorising step. The processing parameters of sunflower oil deodorisation were optimised using response surface methodology. The results revealed the effects of process parameters (temperature, time) on free fatty acids (FFA), colour (LCY and LCR), oil stability index (OSI) and total tocopherols (VE). These new models can be used as a tool to identify optimum deodorisation conditions within chosen constraints. Based on the optimisation of high oil stability with minimum retained FFA and colour, deodorisation parameters can be defined. At a constant vacuum, 3 mmHg vacuum, a temperature range of 200–250 °C and deodorisation time of 30–90 min were defined. An optimum temperature and time appear to be 218–224 °C and 59–64 min, respectively.     

无机陶瓷膜在茶油精炼中的研究

目的:为解决传统油脂精炼方法存在的问题,研究无机陶瓷膜技术在油脂精炼中的应用。方法:从无机陶瓷膜的截留分子量、压力、温度和混合油浓度研究磷脂、色泽、酸价和膜通量的影响。结果:最佳膜技术处理工艺条件为陶瓷膜2万、压力0.3MPa、温度40℃、混合油浓度50%,经过处理,磷脂含量降到6.86mg/kg,色泽为Y5.2(25.4mm比色槽),酸价为0.63。结论:无机陶瓷膜技术应用到油脂精炼中,可简化油脂精炼工艺、减少能耗、降低生产成本、节省脱色吸附剂的用量,达到脱胶、脱酸和脱色的目的。     

Improvement of palm oil and sunflower oil blends by enzymatic interestrification

Palm oil (PO) and sunflower oil (SFO) blends with varying proportions were subjected to enzymatic interesterification (EIE) using a 1,3‐specific immobilised lipase. The interesterified blends were evaluated for their slip melting point (SMP), solid fat content (SFC) at 10–40 °C, p‐anisidine value, peroxide value, free fatty acids (FFA), induction period of oxidation at 110 °C (IP110) and composition of fatty acids by gas chromatography. Under EIE treatment, the blends of PO and SFO in different proportions (20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40 and 80:20) had saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content in the range of 37.6–52.0% and 48.0–62.4%, respectively. The blends showed a considerable reduction in their SFC, SMP, peroxide value and oxidative stability at 110 °C, but presented increase in FFA and p‐anisidine value. The optimum condition for minimising the fatty acid in oil was obtained, at 64 °C, using 8.9% enzyme and 3 h reaction time.