定位预紧和定压预紧下角接触球轴承动态特性研究北大核心

为解决不同预紧方式下角接触球轴承动态特性求解精度不高的问题,以赫兹接触理论和滚道控制理论为基础,提出一种新的轴承刚度矩阵计算方法,实现了定位预紧和定压预紧下轴承刚度矩阵的全解析求解。基于该方法,针对不同预紧方式综合对比分析了预紧力、转速对轴承接触角、接触载荷和刚度的影响规律,分析结果表明:在初始预紧力相同时,定位预紧方式下轴向载荷随转速的升高而增加;在高速工况下,定位预紧状态时球与内、外圈的接触载荷比定压预紧的大;2种预紧方式下,轴承刚度均随转速增大而衰减但衰减程度不同,原因是定位预紧状态下的轴向载荷随转速增加而增大,抑制了轴承刚度的衰减。     

圆锥滚子轴承轴向定位预紧刚度计算

研究轴向定位预紧状态下圆锥滚子轴承的刚度计算方法。首先，由轴向载荷作用下轴承内外圈相对位移及力平衡关系，推导圆锥滚子轴承的轴向刚度计算公式；其次，由轴向定位预紧轴承受径向载荷时各滚子的变形，推导出轴承的径向刚度计算公式；并且，经合理近似给出上述径、轴向刚度公式的简便计算公式，最后，将公式的计算结果同实验数据作对比，表明公式的误差较小，可以实际应用。     

多列组合角接触球轴承刚度和位移量

以滚动轴承动力学分析和滚道控制理论为基础,提出了应用Powell优化算法和Newton-Raphson算法相结合的方式计算非线性方程组,给出了预紧力和转速的多列组合角接触球轴承组合刚度相应程序。对7016A5轴承DBD组合的研究结果表明:预紧力和转速与单个轴承和轴承的组合刚度及位移量呈现非线性关系。轴承的组合轴向刚度小于单个轴承的轴向刚度,其径向刚度大于单个轴承的径向刚度。为实现预定的轴承动态性能,单双侧轴承内圈的间隙量须大于两侧轴承位移量之和。     

机床主轴用各类滚动轴承的刚度计算

介绍机床用主轴轴承刚度计算方法，包括受单向负荷和联合负荷作用的轴承刚度计算。在受联合负荷轴承的刚度计算中，把轴向预加负荷的方式分为定压预紧和定位预紧两种考虑。最后，对常用机床轴承在正常负荷下的刚度分别进行了计算。     

高速电主轴的刚度问题

分析了影响电主轴静态运行刚度的最重要的因素,并借助于有限元法计算了主轴的轴承结构、轴承型式、轴承预紧和轴承的发热以及主轴端的温度场等对电主轴运行刚度的影响。     

关于轴承预紧力对轴系性能影响的仿真分析

高性能电主轴包括电机驱动与控制系统、主轴轴承系统、润滑与冷却系统、轴承预紧系统等多种重要部件,其中轴承预紧力技术是电主轴的关键技术之一.论文对不同预紧力下的主轴轴承刚度进行了理论计算,并对不同轴承预紧力下的主轴轴承系统进行了模态和谐响应分析.结果表明;随着轴承预紧力的增加,轴承刚度逐渐增大,轴系固有频率逐渐增大,主轴前端和后端径向响应位移逐渐减小,主轴中间径向响应位移则逐渐增大.     

预紧高速角接触球轴承动力学特性分析

以弹性力学理论、滚动轴承动力学分析理论和沟道控制理论为基础,建立了预紧高速角接触球轴承的动力学方程,采用Newton-Raphson迭代法进行求解,对预紧高速角接触球轴承的动力特性进行分析。实例表明:随着预紧力的增加,内接触角减小而外接触角增大,球的离心力、陀螺力矩和旋滚比减小,球与内、外圈的接触变形、接触应力、接触载荷及轴承刚度增大;定压预紧轴承动力特性参数受预紧力变化的影响较大,而定位预紧轴承的接触变形、接触应力、接触载荷及刚度等动力特性参数值较大。     

组配角接触球轴承的预紧力及刚度

基于单套角接触球轴承轴向刚度的计算方法,利用轴承载荷、位移和刚度的相互关系确定了多联组配轴承预紧力及轴向刚度,给出了相应的计算通式.并根据两联组配轴承径向刚度计算方法,推导出多联组配轴承径向刚度计算通式.     

轴承预紧对高速重载行星齿轮传动动态特性影响研究

为分析轴承预紧对高速重载行星齿轮传动系统动态特性的影响,建立高速重载行星齿轮传动动力学模型,考虑轴承预紧因素,分析行星销轴承预紧量对系统支撑刚度、固有频率、内外啮合副动态啮合力的影响。结果表明,行星销轴承预紧可以有效增加行星销支撑刚度;系统的固有频率随预紧先减小后增大,随游隙增大而增大;行星齿轮内外啮合副动态啮合力峰值随预紧增大而减小,随游隙增大而增大。研究结果可为优化高速重载行星齿轮传动的轴承预紧量提供支撑。     

轴承预紧力作用下的行星齿轮动态载荷研究

为分析轴承预紧量对高速重载行星齿轮传动系统接触性能影响,建立高速重载行星齿轮传动动力学模型,考虑轴承预紧量因素,分析行星销轴承预紧量对系统支撑刚度、齿面啮合性能、系统均载影响。结果表明:行星销轴承预紧量影响行星销支撑刚度、齿面啮合性能、动态均载,从负游隙到正游隙系统支撑刚度减小,齿轮副的啮合载荷最大值减小,系统的均载系数减小。研究结果可为优化高速重载行星齿轮传动的轴承预紧量提供支撑。     

弹流润滑状态下机床主轴轴承刚度特性分析

圆柱滚子轴承的刚度特性会对机床动态性能产生较大影响.在双列圆柱滚子轴承力学分析的基础上,综合赫兹接触与润滑油膜对轴承刚度的影响,分析了不同工况以及润滑参数下的轴承刚度变化特性.分析结果表明,弹流润滑产生的润滑油膜会使轴承综合刚度下降;随着外载荷的增大,赫兹刚度与油膜刚度均有所提升,轴承综合刚度提高;提升轴承预紧量有利于...     

超高速时电主轴轴承的动态支承刚度分析

基于滚动轴承受力分析的拟静力学和拟动力学模型,利用数值计算方法对超高速时电主轴轴承的内部动力学状态进行计算机模拟仿真,在求解每一个球滚动体动力学基本参量的基础上,计算电主轴轴承对转子支承的动态刚度,并结合具体算例,分析转速、轴承预载荷、径向外载荷等工况条件,以及套圈滚道曲率半径、球滚动体的直径和数量等轴承的内部结构尺寸、球材料的物理性能等方面的因素对轴承动态支承刚度的影响。分析结果表明,外部工况条件以及轴承内部的结构尺寸、球材料的物理性能等方面的因素对超高速时电主轴轴承的动态支承刚度影响较大,超高速时电主轴轴承的动刚度较静态和低速情况有着显著的变化。     

A study on the development of a new conceptual automatic variable preload system for a spindle bearing

In machine-tool spindle systems, rolling bearings are generally the most widely used type of bearing, offering high stiffness and a large load capacity. The performance of bearings is greatly affected by the applied preload. This paper suggests a new automatic variable preload system that uses an eccentric mass device applied to the bearings of a spindle system. A spindle sustains centrifugal force when rotating. The eccentric mass device converts the radial direction force caused by the centrifugal force into axial force using an eccentric mass device. The eccentric mass device applies a small amount of force to the bearing when the spindle rotates at a low speed and applies large force to the bearing when the spindle rotates at a high speed. In this design, the device maintains a large preload at low speeds and lowers the preload at high speeds. Depending on the increase in the spindle rpm, the force that the eccentric mass device delivers to the axial direction will also increase. In addition, the preload applied to the bearings will be reduced. A finite element analysis was conducted to predict the shape of the eccentric mass device and changes of the preload. Based on the analysis results, a prototype was fabricated. According to the results of experiments conducted on the prototype, it was confirmed that the automatic variable preload device with the suggested structure operated satisfactorily. Also, vibration and noise of the prototype were measured and analyzed. The approach suggested in this study is expected to allow reduced manufacturing and operating costs, as the complex devices for hydraulic pressure or electricity required in existing variable preload devices can be eliminated.     

三油楔轴承结构参数对转子系统临界转速的影响

以三油楔固定瓦滑动轴承（不同心）一弹性Jeffcott转子系统为研究对象。在计及滑动轴承各向异性特点的基础上，通过编程计算，求解了滑动轴承的刚度系数和轴承一转子系统的水平临界转速和垂直临界转速。获得了轴承结构参数——宽径比、最小间隙比和预载荷系数对系统临界转速的影响规律。结果表明：改变轴承结构参数对系统临界转速产生影响，尤其对水平临界转速影响较大；增大宽径比、减小最小间隙比和预载荷系数可以增大系统的水平临界转速；增大宽径比和最小间隙比，垂直临界转速先减小后增大；增大预载荷系数，垂直临界转速增大。     

三瓣式气体箔片径向轴承的静动态特性

针对一种新型三瓣式气体箔片轴承,考虑接触界面库仑摩擦后提出了相应的刚度计算模型,并通过求解动压气体润滑Reynolds方程,计算并分析了轴承的静态特性和动态特性。研究了转速、载荷、轴承预载和轴承安装角对该轴承静动态特性的影响。静态特性方面,轴承预载可以较大程度地提高承载能力,且高转速下承载能力更强;安装角度对承载能力的影响呈正/余弦规律变化,且随着转速增大,最大承载能力所对应的安装角不断减小,并最终稳定在70°。动态方面,轴承动态直接刚度随预载增大而显著增大,阻尼变化较小;轴承动态刚度和阻尼随安装角的变化也表现为正/余弦规律,且随安装角的增大,两直接刚度和两直接阻尼分别呈异步变化趋势。     

支承轴承对高速主轴系统特性的影响

结合轴系变形方程,对支承部位轴承与主轴的位移耦合以及对系统轴向力平衡条件进行了分析,提出用迭代法求解高速主轴系统刚度和临界转速的概念。计算结果表明,支承轴承的非线性对系统性能影响明显,当轴承预加轴向载荷增加时,轴承支承刚度增大,导致主轴系统刚度和临界转速随之增大。     

A speed-dependent variable preload system for high speed spindles

High speed machine tools are required to operate in a wide range of spindle rotational speeds with high stiffness and high accuracy. The stiffness of the spindle is largely dependent on the axial preload of the angular contact bearings. A large preload is required at lower range of speeds to provide sufficient stiffness for vibration-free heavy cutting. However, at higher speeds, it results in rapid temperature rise and reduces the life of the bearing. For optimum performance, it is essential that the bearing preload is reduced as the rotational speed increases. In this paper, an automatic variable preload system is proposed that changes the preload on the bearings as a function of rotational speed. This system is based on the use of centrifugal forces and requires little space inside the spindle. The performance of this mechanical system is determined using finite element modeling. A prototype of the system is fabricated and its performance is investigated using a specially devised test stand for direct measurement of the preload. The effectiveness of the proposed system in reducing the preload at higher speeds is demonstrated.     

Analysis of a tilting pad journal bearing to avoid pad fluttering

This paper describes the investigation into the static and dynamic performance of a tilting pad lightly loaded journal bearing. Some of the bearings were operating with some of the pads fluttering. The analysis of the bearings confirmed the likelihood of pad fluttering and so three possible means to overcome this phenomenon were investigated. Introducing a pad preload would require the installation of a number of shims into the bearing. Similarly, installing pad stops and/or springs introduced more working parts to each bearing. The third option of machining a leading edge taper or relief on each pad was deemed to be the better solution. The geometry of this relief (depth and length around the arc) was found to be an important design parameter. The larger the angular extent of the relief and the deeper it is were found to increase the oil flow rate, thereby reducing the operating temperature of the bearings. The direct stiffness of the bearing is improved by introducing a relief to the leading edge of each pad. Design changes were made to the actual bearings with a significant reduction in bearing operating temperature and wear.     

双半外圈调心球轴承预紧分析及在工程中的应用

为了保证双半外圈双列调心球轴承的预紧效果,对其预紧力的确定和预紧量的大小进行了分析计算。这种轴承结合了成对双联向心推力球轴承和双列向心调心球轴承的优点,既能实现大角度调心,调心角度达3°,又能进行轴向预紧。通过对这类轴承的力学分析,推导了轴向预紧力与轴承支撑负载的关系公式,而预紧量是通过控制两个半外圈之间的隔圈厚度进行调节的。基于弹性接触理论,推导了轴承定位隔圈磨削量大小的公式。将轴承用于LAMOST天文望远镜像场旋转轴中,对内径1100mm的轴承现场安装预紧调整后进行实测。测量结果表明,在任意50°范围内(旋转轴工作范围),轴系径向跳动0.02mm,端面跳动0.03mm,满足了LAMOST对像场旋转轴系刚度和旋转精度的要求。跟星实测像场旋转精度RMS值优于0.3″。