芬顿氧化技术在木薯酒精废水处理中的应用

Fenton氧化法属于高级氧化技术(Advanced Oxidation Technologies,AOTs),包括普通Fenton法、E-Fenton法(电Fenton法)等几种。简要介绍Fenton反应的机理和在木薯酒精有机废水领域的应用。     

毛皮退色和漂、染技术

简要阐述了毛皮退色和漂、染的意义 (目的 ) ;退色、漂自的机理 ;退色过程中必须控制的技术条件     

茶皂素提取技术及生物活性研究进展

茶皂素是一种天然非离子型表面活化剂,已被应用到工业、农业、日化等多个领域,茶皂素的生物活性功能日益受到各行业的关注。本文对茶皂素的理化特性做了简要介绍,详细综述了茶皂素的提取技术(水提法、有机溶剂提取法和辅助提取法)和生物活性功能(溶血和鱼毒、抗菌、抗氧化、降血压以及清洁)的研究进展,并对不同提取工艺的优缺点、茶皂素的溶血对象以及抗菌、抗氧化、降血压的机理和应用范围进行阐述,指出深入研究茶皂素作用机理的重要性,以期为茶皂素的进一步研究和茶籽饼有效利用提供科学化的参考依据。     

水产制品除腥技术研究进展

本文概述了国内外有关水产制品脱腥技术的研究进展。简要介绍了包括酸碱盐法,掩蔽法,吸附法,微胶囊法,抗氧化法,微生物发酵法,苹取法,环糊精包埋法,真空脱腥法,酶法脱腥,超滤脱腥,热处理脱腥（高压蒸煮）,辐射脱腥,复合脱腥14种除腥技术,并对各种技术方法的脱腥机理等进行了阐述。     

大麻脱胶机理与脱胶方法的优化

分析了大麻纤维的主要结构特点和化学组成,总结归纳了目前大麻的主要脱胶方法有:化学脱胶法、物理脱胶法、生物脱胶法三大类。基于各大脱胶技术的脱胶机理,提出在大麻脱胶应该是多种方法联合使用,充分利用物理方法进行预处理,结合生物脱胶技术或化学脱胶技术,缩短脱胶时间,提高脱胶的效率、效果,保证纤维质量,达到绿色环保的要求。     

鱼类腥味脱除技术研究进展

鱼类的丰富营养和鲜美滋味使其成为餐桌上的优先选择,我国渔业资源丰富,但鱼类深加工技术却无法解决目前鱼类及其制品中存在的腥味问题,阻碍了淡水鱼加工产业的发展和新产品的开发。该文综述了淡水鱼类异味脱除的物理(流水暂养法、吸附法和包埋法等)、化学(酸碱盐处理法、抗氧化剂法及臭氧脱腥法等)以及生物(摄食法、酵母法、微生物酶法)方法,总结了鱼类脱腥技术的优缺点以及未来发展方向。     

食用油脂过氧化值分析检测方法研究进展

该文简要介绍食用油脂氧化过程、机理与产物,系统综述目前食用油脂过氧化值测定技术与方法,如:化学法、物理法及电分析法等研究现状、优势与存在问题;最后简述食用油过氧化值测定技术与方法发展趋势。     

谷物食品加工中促进蛋白交联方法的应用研究进展

蛋白交联在谷物食品加工领域中发挥着重要作用。但有关谷物蛋白交联的原理与分子作用机理尚未明确。文章综述了谷物食品加工中不同促进谷物蛋白交联的方法(包括物理交联法、化学交联法以及酶交联法)及其最新进展,并从原理方面分析了这三大类蛋白交联方法对谷物蛋白及其相关制品结构特性的影响,最后探讨了这三大类蛋白交联方法中可能存在的问题并进行了展望。     

谷氨酰胺转胺酶在肉制品中的应用研究

简要介绍了谷氨酰胺转胺酶的来源、性质、催化作用机理以及在食品中应用的概况;并着重介绍谷氨酰胺转胺酶制剂(TG-S,TG-B,TG-K等)在灌肠类、肉糕、鱼糕等蛋白质食品加工中应用研究的情况。     

差示扫描量热法和热重法评估植物油氧化稳定性的研究进展

对植物油氧化机理及影响因素做简要概述,综述差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)在评价植物油氧化稳定性中的应用,同时介绍了植物油氧化过程中的物性变化,为植物油的质量控制和货架期评估提供参考。     

Biological value of protein from raw fish and canned fish

The authors evaluated the nutritive value of protein from 4 kinds of raw fish (herring, cod, mackerel, sprat) and its preserves. Experiments were made on rats fed the diets containing fish protein (8-10% of the total diet). Experiments included the determination of apparent and genuine digestibility, net protein utilization, and net dietary protein caloric value. Evidence was obtained that protein from fish and its preserves is characterized by high digestibility coefficient as compared with casein and egg powder. The highest net protein utilization was noted in animal groups fed the diet containing protein from raw fish. Protein assimilability from fish preserves was on the average 15% lower than that from raw fish.     

鱼肉香肠的研究进展

鱼肉肉质细嫩鲜美、营养丰富,种类繁多,是一些维生素、矿物质的良好来源。与禽畜肉相比,口感更是软嫩,具有高蛋白、低脂肪。随着科学技术的发展,人们生活水平的提高,对食品工业应追求产品的多样化。将鱼肉做成香肠不但改变了鱼肉的感官品质,其工艺性能也得到显著改善,货架期也得到了有效的延长。从鱼肉香肠的鱼类品种、鱼肉香肠的类型、鱼肉香肠的加工、纯天然植物及其提取物在鱼肉香肠中的应用等几个方面进行综述。     

Identification of tetrodotoxin and fish species in a dried dressed fish fillet implicated in food poisoning

There were five victims of neurotoxic food poisoning from a dried dressed fish fillet in Changhua County, Taiwan, in February 2000. The toxicity of the dried dressed fish fillets was 243 mouse units per g according to a tetrodotoxin bioassay. The partially purified toxin was identified as tetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin. The sequence of the 376-nucleotide region in the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial DNA exhibited the same genotype as that of the toxic puffer fish Lagocephalus lunaris. The same single restriction site for Hinfl was found in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from the dried dressed fish fillet and the muscle of L. lunaris, yielding two DNA fragments of 170 and 206 bp. However, no restriction site for Hinfl was found in the PCR products from other toxic puffer fishes, including Takifugu niphobles, Takifugu oblongus, and Takifugu rubripes. Therefore, the species of the dried dressed fish fillet was identified as L. lunaris and its causative agent was identified as tetrodotoxin.     

Toxicity of puffer fish fins

Puffer fish is prized as a Japanese traditional food and its fin is also used in the cuisine. However, whether the fin is edible or not is determined for convenience from the toxicity of skin, since little information is available about the toxicity of puffer fish fins. In the present study, we examined the toxicity of fins and skin of three toxic species, Takifugu vermicularis, T. snyderi, and T. porphyreus. The toxicity of T. vermicularis fins (< 5-52.4 MU/g) was significantly lower than that of skin (<5-1200 MU/g). HPLC analysis showed that tetrodotoxin was a major toxic principle irrespective of the toxicity value in each tissue of T. vermicularis. In the case of T. snyderi and T. porphyreus, the toxicity of fins was at almost the same level as that of the skin. The toxicity (< 10-12 MU/g) of caudal fins of T. porphyreus was apparently increased to 16.5-22.0 MU/g by drying. However, the toxin amounts in the dried fins were slightly decreased as compared with those of the non-dried fins. These results demonstrate that puffer fish with toxic skin also have toxic fins.     

鱼胶原蛋白的研究进展

为解决水产品开发利用过程中综合利用化程度低的问题,提高我国水产品尤其是鱼类加工过程的经济附加值,本文结合当前国内外对鱼类胶原蛋白的研究开发报道,旨在为鱼类胶原蛋白的开发及应用提供科学依据。文章概述了鱼胶原的分布、类型以及提取方法,介绍了鱼胶原蛋白的组成与结构,着重突出了其与陆源哺乳动物胶原蛋白的差异性;其次通过对鱼胶原蛋白作为过敏原的安全性的系统阐述,明确指出了鱼胶原蛋白下一步的研究方向;最后本文对鱼胶原蛋白在食品、生物医学、美容化妆品等领域的应用进行了综述。     

鱼油纳米脂质体的制备及其性质测定

采用响应面法优化乙醇注入-动态高压微射流法制备鱼油纳米脂质体的工艺,并对其理化性质进行了初步测定。结果表明:制备鱼油纳米脂质体的最佳工艺为:磷脂浓度29 mg/mL,m(磷脂)∶m(鱼油)∶m(胆固醇)∶m(吐温-80)=10∶2∶2.5∶1,微射流压力150 MPa,微射流处理次数2次。在此条件下脂质体的包封率为76.9%,平均粒径128.1 nm,Zeta电位-20.11 mV。乙醇注入-动态高压微射流法制备的鱼油纳米脂质体粒径小且分布均匀(多分散指数0.258),具有较高的包封率和稳定性。     

带鳞田鱼丸的研制

为了开发青田田鱼加工新产品,结合田鱼鱼鳞柔软可食的特点,进行了带鳞田鱼丸的研制。利用感官评定法、凝胶特性分析、正交实验等方法确定鱼丸的最适生产工艺。结果显示:田鱼糜与杂鱼糜的最适质量比为4:1;正交实验得出最佳鱼丸制作配方为:田鱼糜55%,淀粉15%,色素0.03%,水15%;田鱼鳞片的最佳预处理方式为0.5%醋酸浸泡30min,最适添加量为鱼丸质量的2%~3%。利用本工艺制作的鱼丸,颜色鲜艳,口感爽滑,丰富了市场鱼丸的品种。     

Biogenic amine contents in fish and fish preserves

A method developed on the basis of highly efficient liquid chromatography of dansyl derivatives was used to study the content of biogenic amines (tyramine, histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermine and spermidine) in fish and canned fish. It was found that only 7 out of 149 samples contained histamine levels exceeding maximum permissible concentration (salted herring, smoked sardines, and salted Siberian salmon). No correlation was recorded between the increase of spermine content and spermidine.     

Accumulation of diflubenzuron in bolti fish Orechromis niloticus

Orechromis niloticus fingerlings were exposed to the insect growth inhibitor diflubenzuron 1-(2,6-Difluorobenzoyl)3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea for 21 days. Diflubenzuron was introduced to the aquariums where fish were maintained at the beginning of the experiment, then its level in water, gills and liver was detected after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The fish accumulated diflubenzuron 76 and 99 times greater than the water content when kept in an ambient concentration of 2.5 and 5 mg/l, respectively, indicating a low bioaccumulation potential. Some degradation products of diflubenzuron were found mainly in liver and water.     

鱼类抗菌肽研究的最新进展

鱼类抗菌肽作为天然免疫系统的主要组成部分,有着非常显著的碱性、热稳定性和广谱抗菌性。研究发现,抗菌肽对一些真菌、原虫、病毒及癌细胞等均具有很强的杀伤作用。因此,鱼类抗菌肽具有重要的研究意义。该文根据近年来国内外的有关研究报道,介绍了鱼类抗菌肽的种类,简述了抗菌肽的抗菌机制,同时回顾了已发现的鱼类抗菌肽的基因结构,并对其应用前景方面做了简要的分析。