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硫酸是一种重要的基本化工原料。在我国,硫酸产品有20%、75%、93%和98%等不同规格。硫酸主要用于生产磷肥,其消费量占硫酸的总消费量的60%以上。硫酸还用于生产硫酸铝、硫酸锌、硫酸铜、硫酸镍、硫酸亚铁等硫酸盐产品。此外,硫酸在国民经济各行各业都有广泛的应用。 工业上生产硫酸的方法主要有接触法和硝化法(塔式法)两种。国内目前全部以接触法生产。我国硫酸生产发展速度很快,50年代硫酸年产量仅 相似文献
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大连化学工业公司化肥厂的硫酸车间原为日伪时期的满洲化学工业株式会社塔式硫酸工场和接触硫酸工场。全厂从1933年开始全面施工,1935年一期工程投产,当年生产硫酸12.1kt。当时建厂规模为一套年产浓硫酸20kt的孟山都式两段转化的接触法硫酸和五套抗火石砌九塔共墙式塔式法硫酸,每套生产规模为20kt。前者生产98%的浓硫酸供军火生产用,后者生产70%硫酸供 相似文献
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今年是中华人民共和国成立四十周年,又是《硫酸工业》创刊三十周年,对我国硫酸行业广大职工和《硫酸工业》广大读者来说,具有双重的纪念意义。回顾南京化学工业公司(以下简称南化公司)的硫酸生产发展历程,对企业今后生产的发展将是有所裨益的。 南化公司的硫酸生产起步于1937年,至今已有五十多年的历史,曾先后兴建了7套硫酸生产装置,目前年生产能力达600kt。全公司从事硫酸工业设计、科研、生产、情 相似文献
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通过对聚丙烯(PP)施加紫外光的方法研究了紫外光对其蠕变行为的影响,利用蠕变性能测试、GPC、XPS、PALS、SEM等手段考察了紫外光作用下的PP蠕变行为及其失效机理。实验结果表明:紫外光能加速PP的蠕变失效,其失效机理与辐照强度有关;短时间失效主要是由紫外光引起的分子链段的活性变化所致,长时间作用下的失效,主要是紫外光引起的老化导致材料强度的削弱所致;另外,对不同种类的PP,在相同的外部条件(下温度、应力和紫外光,)其失效速率与结构和分子量无关,只与该温度下材料的屈服强度有关,屈服强度越高抗,蠕变能力越好。 相似文献
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LF2铝制压力容器的失效评定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对石化企业的深冷设备中用铝镁合金制造压力容器材料 LF2的性能进行了试验研究,分析探讨了含缺陷铝制压力容器失效评定的方法,得到了 LF2材料的失效评定曲线和失效评定图。研究结果表明,含缺陷铝制压力容器的失效评定可以采用 R6通用失效评定曲线,其结果是偏安全的。 相似文献
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以抚鲅成品油管线长输油泵变频器所出现的突停故障为例,介绍了变频器突停后出现的反转故障和不能启动现象,分析了高压变频器在零点控制上的缺陷,并提出解决此类故障的方法。 相似文献
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Composite materials exhibit various and complex failure behavior. Different formalisms have been used to predict failure. Improvement of old theories and new ones continue to be published. In this paper, the most recent and widely used models are presented. Failure criteria such as Tsai-Wu, parametric formulations, maximal stress and strain, Hashin criterion, Hart-Smith criterion, and the method based on kriging are presented. These failure theories may be classified in two categories, depending whether they integrate failure modes or not. The formalism of each theory is briefly described and their application to model failure of composite laminates is discussed by comparing the advantages and limitations of each method. The diversity of experimental failure envelopes, as reported in the literature on composites, is outlined and it is shown that most criteria permit modeling only particular failure properties of composite laminates. 相似文献
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李炳宏;江世永;飞渭 《中国塑料》2010,24(4):70-75
设计并制作了3根新型的玄武岩纤维增强塑料筋(BFRP筋)增强混凝土梁,并对其进行三分点加载试验和有限元分析。结果表明,BFRP筋混凝土梁的受弯破坏形态有别于传统的钢筋混凝土梁,其破坏截面均位于加载点附近。梁内的销栓作用对BFRP筋的受力非常不利;较大的裂缝宽度不仅会影响到BFRP筋混凝土梁的正常使用,还会影响到梁的受弯破坏形态;BFRP筋突出的表面变形特征、较低的横向抗剪强度和弹性模量等对上述破坏形态的发生有着重要影响;加载点处BFRP筋混凝土较为严重的局部黏结破坏、较大的销栓作用、应力集中效应和较大的裂缝宽度等使BFRP筋处于复杂的不利受力状态,这是造成上述破坏形态的主要原因。 相似文献
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《Polymer Composites》2017,38(12):2734-2742
In this study, an isoparametric micro‐mechanical model is developed to study the failure behaviors under biaxial loadings for composites with different fiber arrangements. For validating the method, the numerical results of the unidirectional (UD) composite lamina with consideration of two different failure criteria (the constituent failure criterion and UD failure criterion) are compared with the experimental results. On this basis, the fiber arrangements and fiber off‐axis angles influence on the failure envelopes for the UD composite lamina are studied. Furthermore, the failure strength of a typical composite laminates is also investigated. The results show that the failure strength of composite laminates is closely dependent on the fiber arrangements. Compared with the hexagonal packing, the square diagonal packing provides the higher failure strengths. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2734–2742, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
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The accurate calculation of the stresses and torque capacities of adhesively bonded joints is not possible without understanding the failure phenomena of the adhesive joints and the nonlinear behavior of the adhesive.
In this paper, an adhesive failure model of the adhesively bonded tubular single lap joint with steel-steel adherends was proposed to predict the torque capacity accurately.
The model incorporated the nonlinear behavior of the adhesive and the different failure modes in which the adhesive failure mode changed from bulk shear failure, via transient failure, to interfacial failure between the adhesive and the adherend, according to the magnitudes of the residual thermally-induced stresses from fabrication. 相似文献
In this paper, an adhesive failure model of the adhesively bonded tubular single lap joint with steel-steel adherends was proposed to predict the torque capacity accurately.
The model incorporated the nonlinear behavior of the adhesive and the different failure modes in which the adhesive failure mode changed from bulk shear failure, via transient failure, to interfacial failure between the adhesive and the adherend, according to the magnitudes of the residual thermally-induced stresses from fabrication. 相似文献
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Optimal Design of the Adhesively-Bonded Tubular Single Lap Joint 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, a method for the optimal design of the adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joint was proposed based on the failure model of the adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joint. The failure model incorporated the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the adhesive as well as the different failure modes in which the adhesive failure mode changed from bulk shear failure, via transient failure, to interfacial failure between the adhesive and the adherend, according to the magnitudes of the residual thermal stresses induced by fabrication.
The effects of the design parameters for the adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joint, such as the thicknesses of adhesive layer and adherends, the bonding length, and the scarfs of adherends, on the torque transmission capability and the efficiency of the adhesive joint were investigated. 相似文献
The effects of the design parameters for the adhesively-bonded tubular single lap joint, such as the thicknesses of adhesive layer and adherends, the bonding length, and the scarfs of adherends, on the torque transmission capability and the efficiency of the adhesive joint were investigated. 相似文献
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拱顶油罐受外部火焰烘烤发生失效爆炸,易造成严重人员伤亡和巨大经济损失。为对火灾条件下拱顶油罐的失效爆炸进行预警,通过高温材料力学性能实验平台对拱顶油罐弱连接结构进行破坏测试,得出不同火灾温度条件下弱连接结构失效的拉断力和应力值。实验结果表明,当温度高于300℃时,拉断力和失效应力值变化显著,其中450℃为变化峰值温度。在此基础上,构建了拱顶油罐失效压力计算模型,推导出了不同容积拱顶油罐在不同火灾温度下的失效压力。所得结果可作为拱顶油罐失效的判定依据,为油罐的爆炸预警提供数据支撑。 相似文献