水解法与超声法检测保健品中支链氨基酸粉的支链氨基酸比对

目的 比较水解法与超声法测定保健品中支链氨基酸粉的支链氨基酸(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸及缬氨酸)含量的分析方法。 方法 样品分别经水解法和超声法进行前处理后, 经Agilent Eclipse XDB-phenyl柱分离, 以甲醇和0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 流速为0.4 mL/min, 柱温40 ℃, 采用液相色谱-质谱法检测。结果 亮氨酸、异亮氨酸及缬氨酸在0.01~0.05 mmol/L的浓度范围内, 线性关系良好, 相关系数r均大于0.99。样品经2种方法处理后, 都能够准确检测支链氨基酸的含量, 2种方法的实验结果比对的相对误差均<5%, 水解法处理的精密度相对标准偏差为4.0%~5.3%, 而超声方法的精密度相对标准偏差均小于5.0%。结论 与水解法相比, 超声法前处理方法操作简便, 分离效果明显, 更适用于提取保健食品中支链氨基酸粉。     

HPLC determination of γ‐aminobutyric acid in Chinese rice wine using pre‐column derivatization

γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major functional ingredient in Chinese rice wine. A new HPLC method for determining GABA using pre‐column derivatization with dansyl chloride was developed. The HPLC operating conditions were as follows: a Hypersil ODS2 C₁₈ column; mobile phase, methanol and water (1:1); gradient elution; absorption at 254 nm; flow rate, 1 mL/min; pH 9; and column temperature, 30 °C. Under optimal HPLC conditions, the linear equation was y = 3.5 × 10^?7x ? 0.014. The precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) was 0.54%, the stability (RSD) was 0.21%, the recovery ratio was 97.4% and reproducibility (RSD) was 1.57%. This new method appears to be sensitive, accurate, convenient, steady and relatively fast. The results suggest that the new method is also more reliable. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

15种坚果果仁氨基酸组成及含量差异分析

目的分析15种市售坚果中氨基酸组成,比较不同品种坚果间必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸含量的差异。方法使用氨基酸分析仪对样品中氨基酸的组成及含量进行分析,用最小显著性差异法(least-significant difference,LSD)进行多重比较。结果纸皮核桃中的必需氨基酸含量最高,为6.264 g/100 g,花生中总氨基酸含量最高,为22.622 g/100 g。使用模糊辨识法对贴近度进行计算得出,FAO/WHO模式蛋白质贴近度为0.840-0.933。结论坚果中必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量的差异显著。限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸和胱氨酸。东北松子的FAO/WHO模式蛋白质贴近度最高,最贴近人体所需蛋白质的模式。     

Effect of the duration of feeding of a protein‐free diet on endogenous ileal nitrogen and amino acid loss in the growing pig

The aim of the study was to determine whether endogenous nitrogen and amino acid excretions at the terminal ileum change over time in the growing pig fed a protein‐free diet for 8 days. Seven entire male pigs with an overall mean live weight of 81.6 kg (SEM 3.3 kg) and surgically implanted post‐valve T caecum cannulas were fed a semi‐synthetic casein‐based diet for 8 days. Food was withheld from the pigs for 24 h, after which they were fed a protein‐free diet for a further 8 days at a rate of 10% of metabolic body weight per day. Chromic oxide was included in the protein‐free diet as an indigestible marker. Ileal digesta were collected continuously from 13:00 to 18:00 h on each day of the experimental period. Endogenous ileal nitrogen flows were determined for each pig each day the protein‐free diet was given, and endogenous ileal amino acid flows for the first and eighth days. There were no significant (P > 0.05) effects of the duration of feeding of the protein‐free diet on endogenous ileal total nitrogen or amino acid flows, except for the amino acids glycine and cysteine, the flows of which significantly decreased over the 8 day period (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 for glycine and cysteine respectively), from (mean ± SEM) 1639 ± 217 to 892 ± 212 µg g⁻¹ dry matter intake (DMI) for glycine and from 173 ± 13 to 127 ± 19 µg g⁻¹ DMI for cysteine. The relative contributions (moles of each amino acid as a proportion of total moles of amino acids) of threonine, glycine and cysteine decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and that of proline increased significantly (P < 0.05) during the 8 days that the protein‐free diet was fed to the pigs. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

鸭骨泥酶解条件优化及游离氨基酸组成分析

以鸭骨泥为原料,预处理后经定向酶解得到富含氨基酸的酶解液,从而为制备热反应型肉味香精提供底物。主要研究了预处理温度和时间对鸭骨泥酶解作用的影响,通过正交实验优化了酶法水解的条件,并对酶解液的游离氨基酸组成进行了测定。实验结果表明:鸭骨泥最佳预处理温度和时间为80℃,40min;鸭骨泥最佳酶解条件为胰蛋白酶用量10000IU/g,酶解温度45℃、pH7.5,料液比1:30,酶解时间5h,在此最佳酶解条件下,鸭骨泥水解度达63.18%,平均肽链长度1.58%,氮回收率59.43%;鸭骨泥酶解液含有16种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸有7种,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的56.26%。     

Endogenous lysine and other amino acid flows at the terminal ileum of the growing pig (20 kg bodyweight): The effect of protein-free,synthetic amino acid,peptide and protein alimentation

Twenty-four crossbred pigs of 15 kg initial bodyweight were fed four semi-synthetic diets for 10 days according to a completely randomised design. The study aimed to determine the effects of state of body nitrogen balance and the presence of dietary peptides and protein in the digestive tract on the excretion of endogenous amino acids from the ileum of the pig. Endogenous lysine excretion was determined for pigs given a protein-free (PF) diet, an enzymically hydrolysed casein- (EHC), a zein- (ZN) or a synthetic amino acid- (SAA) based diet. Digesta from the EHC-fed animals were centrifuged and ultrafiltered after collection and the precipitate plus retentate fraction was used to determine the endogenous flows. Such processing excludes unabsorbed dietary amino acids from the measure of endogenous loss. ZN is naturally deficient in lysine and tryptophan and these two amino acids were omitted from the synthetic amino acid-based diet to allow direct measurement of endogenous lysine flow. Pigs given the ZN and SAA diets received free lysine and tryptophan orally throughout the study except for the final 2 days of the study, when these amino acids were infused intravenously. Endogenous flows for amino acids other than lysine were determined for pigs given the PF and EHC diets. On the final day of the study the pigs were given their daily dietary allowance hourly and killed 10 h after the start of feeding. Digesta were collected from the terminal ileum (20 cm anterior to the ileo-caecal junction) and endogenous flows were determined by reference to the marker chromic oxide. The mean endogenous ileal lysine flows for the ZN- and EHC-fed pigs were not significantly different (overall mean, 419 mg kg^?1 dry matter intake), but were higher (P < 0.05) than those for the PF- and SAA-fed pigs (overall mean, 268 mg kg^?1 dry matter intake) whose mean flows were not significantly different from each other. The mean endogenous ileal flows for amino acids other than lysine were higher (P < 0.05) for the EHC-fed pigs compared to the animals on the PF diet, except for proline, glycine and arginine. The similar endogenous ileal lysine excretion for pigs receiving a SAA-based diet and in positive body nitrogen balance, and PF-fed pigs in negative body nitrogen balance, indicates that negative body nitrogen balance per se does not lead to a lowered endogenous ileal excretion. It would appear, however, that the presence of dietary peptides or protein in the gut increases amino acid excretion at the terminal ileum above that found with PF or SAA alimentation. Consequently, endogenous ileal amino acid flow in the pig may be underestimated when determined by the traditional PF method.     

蓖麻饼粕提取氨基酸及酸水解法优化初探

以蓖麻饼粕为原料,采用酸水解法降解其中的蛋白质提取氨基酸并对氨基酸的组分进行了比较和分析。探讨了硫酸浓度、回流时间、料液比、提取方式对氨基酸提取率的影响。结果表明:氨基酸提取的最佳工艺条件为硫酸浓度为4mol/L,回流时间为6h,料液比为1∶6,提取方式为抽滤,氨基酸的提取率为55.692%,其中谷氨酸含量最高为18.5%。      

Changes in amino acid and fatty acid composition during shelf‐life of marinated fish

Quality aspects of marinated fish were examined over a 120 day period. Nutritional quality parameters (proximate composition, fatty acid profile and amino acid profile) were determined. Changes in amino acids and fatty acids were examined in the muscle of marinated fish during storage. Aspartic acid, threonine, proline, glycine, tyrosine and lysine concentrations in marinated anchovy and rainbow trout greatly influenced their quality. Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in marinated anchovy but not (p > 0.05) in marinated rainbow trout, while total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both marinated fish during storage. These changes in fatty acid and amino acid concentrations were found to be useful as an index of freshness and decomposition of marinated fish in storage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

盐鸡卤汁酶解工艺优化及氨基酸组成分析

为解决盐焗鸡多次卤制后卤汁的回收利用问题,采用动物复合蛋白酶对卤制7次后的盐焗鸡卤汁进行酶解。考察了酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间和pH等因素对盐焗鸡卤汁酶解效果的影响,通过响应面法对酶解工艺进行优化,并分析了水解后卤汁中的氨基酸组成。结果表明:酶法水解盐焗鸡卤汁最优工艺条件为酶用量12000 U,酶解温度48 ℃,酶解时间6 h,pH7.6,此条件下卤汁水解度为14.73%。酶解后卤汁中游离氨基酸种类达到30种,主要包含有8种人体必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和药效氨基酸。与酶解前相比,新增氨基酸5种,氨基酸总量增加了3.67倍,必需氨基酸含量增加了9.56倍。丰富了卤汁水解液的氨基酸组成,为其回收利用提供了基础。     

酶解鸡汤熬制过程中蛋白质和氨基酸的变化

利用木瓜蛋白酶适度酶解,进行常压和高压熬制,探讨鸡汤蛋白质和氨基酸的变化。结果显示:酶解鸡汤熬制过程中粗蛋白逐渐增加,30 min后呈显著性增加(p<0.05),常压熬制90 min、高压熬制30 min分别为0.848%、0.921%。可溶性蛋白逐渐增加,但常压熬制120 min仍然较低,仅为5.45 mg/g;高压熬制20 min的可溶性蛋白为6.546 mg/g,熬制70 min后高达8.372 mg/g。酶解鸡汤常压熬制过程中胶原蛋白呈显著增加(p<0.05),熬制120 min后仅为4.208%;高压熬制60 min后显著增加(p<0.05),熬制90 min后高达7.827%。酶解常压熬制和高压熬制鸡汤的氨基酸总量分别增加了13.64%、42.94%,苦味氨基酸分别增加了14.59%、53.95%。表明适度酶解和高压熬制能加快蛋白质类物质的溶出,缩短鸡汤熬制时间,但鸡汤苦味物质也有所增加。      

Comparison of acid and amyloglucosidase hydrolysis for estimation of non‐structural polysaccharides in feed samples

Enzymatic methods (amyloglucosidase) and methods based on acid solutions (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M H₂SO₄ for 1, 2 and 3 h at 100 °C) for the hydrolysis of non‐structural carbohydrates from different feed samples were compared. The monomeric units resulting from the enzymatic and acid hydrolysis were determined by the glucose oxidase and reducing sugar methods. There was a significant effect of acid concentration and of time of hydrolysis on the glucose and reducing sugar values in the hydrolysate. Glucose values were similar for both the amyloglucosidase method and the most intense conditions of hydrolysis (0.3 M for 3 h) for some samples. Under these conditions, however, the reducing sugar values were higher. No acid hydrolysis method was found to estimate correctly the total non‐structural carbohydrates, but α‐linked glucose polymers in biological samples may be determined by sample hydrolysis with a 0.3 M H₂SO₄ solution for 3 h at 100 °C since the glucose in the hydrolysate is determined by the glucose oxidase method and the sucrose content of the sample is negligible. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of amino acid and peptide alimentation on the determination of endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat

Endogenous ileal amino acid (free + bound) flow was determined in four 190-g male rats given a diet whose sole nitrogen source was enzyme hydrolysed casein and compared with that of six rats whose diet contained synthetic amino acids as the only nitrogen source but excluding alanine, glutamic acid and serine, and six rats fed a protein-free diet. The enzyme hydrolysed casein, a mixture of free amino acids and oligopeptides, was assumed to be completely absorbed in the small intestine of the rat. A further seven rats were given an enzyme hydrolysed casein-based diet and their ileal digesta were treated, post-collection, with perchloric acid to precipitate soluble proteins. The latter procedure removed the need to assume complete absorption of the casein nitrogen. The endogenous flow of amino acids for enzyme hydrolysed casein-fed rats was higher than that for the protein-free diet (P < 0.05) which did not differ from the synthetic amino acid diet for the flows of alanine, glutamic acid and serine. The high apparent digestibility of the synthetic amino acids not excluded from the diet indicated that their ileal excretions were mainly of endogenous origin. It would appear, therefore, that the protein deplete state per se does not influence endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the growing rat, but there is a direct effect of small peptides on the net loss of endogenous amino acids from the small intestine. The estimates of endogenous amino acid flow obtained following the perchloric acid treatment of digesta were unrealistically low and thus inconclusive, but raised doubt as to the eficiency of perchloric acid in precipitating protein from rat ileal digesta.     

Investigation of the susceptibility of acid-deamidated wheat gluten to in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis using Raman spectra and free amino acid analysis

BACKGROUND: The number and surface nature of amino acids (AAs) in substrate proteins available to hydrolytic enzymes are critical. Among them, the micro‐environmental properties of specific AAs in substrates before hydrolysis would probably dominate the susceptibility of substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis. Fundamental knowledge concerning this regard is lacking. The objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between the exposure level of AAs in acid‐deamidated wheat gluten and their susceptibilities to in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatin through both high‐performance liquid chromatography and Raman spectra. Wheat gluten deamidated with HCl (HDWG), citric acid (CDWG), succinic acid (SDWG) and acetic acid (ADWG) at the same degree of deamidation under the same heat treatment were chosen as the substrates. Substrate characterisations including degree of hydrolysis, surface hydrophobicity and structural characteristics before hydrolysis, together with analysis of free AAs of the corresponding hydrolysates during hydrolysis, were investigated. RESULTS: Hydrolysates from SDWG had the highest value for the degree of hydrolysis. The susceptibility of CDWG to pancreatin hydrolysis was the lowest, lower than native wheat gluten (CK) after the initial 36 h. Compared with free AAs, the mole increase profiles of CK, Arg production levelled off in HDWG after 12 h whereas it was inhibited in ADWG. For SDWG, Arg release was dramatically inhibited after 12 h and was replaced by Trp. Investigations using Raman spectra of the micro‐environment of Cys, Trp, Tyr and His and the mole increase trend of them indicated that the exposure level of these amino acids in substrates was positively related to their susceptibilities to pancreatin hydrolysis especially after 24 h of hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: Deamidation by four acids has a distinct influence on the structural characteristics of wheat gluten substrates. Although the substrates were selected at the same level of deamidation by the same heat treatment, their resultant conformational differences significantly influenced the exposure level of amino acids for binding to enzymes and the susceptibility of substrates to in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, it had an influence on changing enzyme cutting sites of pancreatin. This information will provide a better understanding of specific behaviour of AAs in wheat gluten during enzymatic hydrolysis from a new perspective. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

板栗大米清酒酒曲选择及氨基酸含量测定

为了确定板栗作为酿酒原料的可行性,对板栗淀粉糖化用曲进行了筛选,同时分析板栗大米清酒中氨基酸的种类及含量,为 清酒的营养与风味的改良提供基础。 通过对4种米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）酒曲的感官评价及酶活测定,确定米曲霉2011更适合作为 板栗清酒的糖化曲种,其α-淀粉酶活力、糖化酶活力及酸性蛋白酶活力分别为1 306.63 U/g、324.56 U/g、1 036.33 U/g。 板栗大米清酒 及纯大米清酒中氨基酸含量分析结果表明,板栗大米清酒含有17种氨基酸（含8种必需氨基酸）,且含量均高于大米清酒中的氨基酸 含量,其中天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸含量是大米清酒中的2倍以上。 添加板栗 不仅改良了清酒的营养价值,还改善了清酒的风味,因此板栗适合作为酿酒原料。     

苏尼特羊肉氨基酸组成及与其他羊肉的对比分析

目的 分析苏尼特羊肉氨基酸组成以及与其他羊肉氨基酸组成进行对比分析。方法 以锡林郭勒放牧型苏尼特羊肉、乌珠穆沁羊肉、察哈尔羊肉以及两个区域舍饲型小尾寒羊肉为研究对象,通过氨基酸自动分析仪测定不同样品中氨基酸组成和含量,并进行比较分析。结果 苏尼特羊肉的水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量显著高于乌珠穆沁羊肉和察哈尔羊肉(P<0.05);苏尼特羊肉的水解氨基酸含量与舍饲型小尾寒羊肉无显著差异(P>0.05),但是其游离氨基酸含量显著高于舍饲型小尾寒羊肉。5种羊肉必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸均高于60%,必需氨基酸/总氨基酸在40%左右,符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(UnitedNationsFood Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, FAO/WHO)人体理想蛋白质模式。结论 苏尼特羊肉水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸组成丰富,含量较高,具有较高营养价值和食用品质。     

Protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores,acceptability and storage stability of ready‐to‐eat supplementary foods for pre‐school age children in Tanzania

This study was conducted to evaluate protein quality, acceptability and storage stability of processed cereal–bean–sardine composite foods for pre‐school age children in Tanzania. Four composite products namely corn–bean–sardine meal (CBSM), bean meal (BM), sorghum–bean–sardine meal (SBSM) and rice–bean–sardine meal (RBSM) were formulated to maximize the amino acid score for pre‐school age children and were processed by extrusion, drum‐processing and conventional cooking. The products were evaluated for true protein digestibility (TPD) and protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS). The TPD and PDCAAS were highest in the extruded products. The TPD values for the products ranged from 82 to 93%. The PDCAAS values for the composite foods were 64–86% and were greater than the minimum value of 60% recommended by FAO/WHO/UNU. There were no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the amino acid contents for foods processed by extrusion, drum‐processing or conventional cooking. Threonine was most limiting in the CBSM, SBSM and RBSM while methionine + cysteine were most limiting in the BM. Sensory evaluation showed that, relative to the traditional cornmeal—Uji, the extruded CBSM and SBSM had significantly superior (p ≤ 0.05) texture and highly acceptable color and taste. Storage of the products up to 16 weeks at 38 °C resulted in a small but significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the malondialdehyde concentrations; nevertheless, the levels remained within the acceptable range found in processed commercial supplements. Total acids, pH and organoleptic attributes did not change significantly (p > 0.05) during storage and the foods were acceptable to the end of the storage period. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Determination of optimal acid hydrolysis time of soybean isoflavones using drying oven and microwave assisted methods

The aim of the present research was to determine an optimal acid hydrolysis condition using drying oven and microwave assisted methods to estimate isoflavone contents by RP-HPLC in soybean. All isoflavone glucosides were completely converted to their aglycones at 120 min for drying oven and 50 min for microwave. Optimal extraction time of the highest isoflavone aglycone content after acid hydrolysis was achieved in 3 h. These results indicated that the optimised hydrolysis and extraction conditions of isoflavones in soybean were: soybean (1 g) hydrolysed by 10 ml of 1 N HCl at 100 °C for 50 min using microwave assisted acid hydrolysis method, and then 15 ml of EtOH was added to the mixture which leaved alone for 3 h at room temperature for complete extraction. Thus, microwave is an easy, consumed less time, and reliable acid hydrolysis method to estimate soybean isoflavones in comparison with drying oven method.     

Effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine pre- and postpartum in multiparous Holstein cows: Lactation performance and plasma amino acid concentrations

Objectives were to evaluate the effect of feeding rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in pre- and postpartum total mix ration (TMR) on lactation performance and plasma AA concentrations in dairy cows. A total of 470 multiparous Holstein cows [235 cows at University of Wisconsin (UW) and 235 cows at Cornell University (CU)] were enrolled approximately 4 wk before parturition, housed in close-up dry cow and replicated lactation pens. Pens were randomly assigned to treatment diets (pre- and postpartum, respectively): UW control (CON) diet = 2.30 and 2.09% of Met as percentage of metabolizable protein (MP) and RPM diet = 2.83 and 2.58% of Met as MP; CU CON = 2.22 and 2.19% of Met as percentage of MP, and CU RPM = 2.85 and 2.65% of Met as percentage of MP. Treatments were evaluated until 112 ± 3 d in milk (DIM). Milk yield was recorded daily. Milk samples were collected at wk 1 and 2 of lactation, and then every other week, and analyzed for milk composition. For lactation pens, dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. Body weight and body condition score were determined from 4 ± 3 DIM and parturition until 39 ± 3 and 49 DIM, respectively. Plasma AA concentrations were evaluated within 3 h after feeding during the periparturient period [d ?7 (±4), 0, 7 (±1), 14 (±1), and 21 (±1); n = 225]. In addition, plasma AA concentrations were evaluated (every 3 h for 24 h) after feeding in cows at 76 ± 8 DIM (n = 16) and within 3 h after feeding in cows at 80 ± 3 DIM (n = 72). The RPM treatment had no effect on DMI (27.9 vs. 28.0 kg/d) or milk yield (48.7 vs. 49.2 kg/d) for RPM and CON, respectively. Cows fed the RPM treatment had increased milk protein concentration (3.07 vs. 2.95%) and yield (1.48 vs. 1.43 kg/d), and milk fat concentration (3.87 vs. 3.77%), although milk fat yield did not differ. Plasma Met concentrations tended to be greater for cows fed RPM at 7 d before parturition (25.9 vs. 22.9 µM), did not differ at parturition (22.0 vs. 20.4 µM), and were increased on d 7 (31.0 vs. 21.2 µM) and remained greater with consistent concentrations until d 21 postpartum (d 14: 30.5 vs. 19.0 µM; d 21: 31.0 vs. 17.8 µM). However, feeding RPM decreased Leu, Val, Asn, and Ser (d 7, 14, and 21) and Tyr (d 14). At a later stage in lactation, plasma Met was increased for RPM cows (34.4 vs. 16.7 µM) consistently throughout the day, with no changes in other AA. Substantial variation was detected for plasma Met concentration (range: RPM = 8.9–63.3 µM; CON = 7.8–28.8 µM) among cows [coefficient of variation (CV) > 28%] and within cow during the day (CV: 10.5–27.1%). In conclusion, feeding RPM increased plasma Met concentration and improved lactation performance via increased milk protein production.     

云南两个地方猪和杜洛克猪的营养成分比较

对火毛撒坝猪、高黎贡山猪、杜洛克猪的生长性状、胴体性能、肉质性状进行比较,为云南两个优质地方猪种的保护与开发利用提供理论依据。试验饲养火毛撒坝猪、高黎贡山猪、杜洛克猪各10头(5♂,5♀),至260日龄随机屠宰各猪种6头(3♂,3♀),测定其生长性状、胴体性能、肉质性状、肌肉组织学特性、脂肪酸、氨基酸和胆固醇,并进行显著性比较分析。结果说明:高黎贡山猪猪肉风味、口感更好,营养价值更高;火毛撒坝猪胆固醇含量低,保健性能更佳,但沉脂率强,在饲养方式上有待改进;杜洛克猪仍保持外来猪种的特性,但鲜味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量比火毛撒坝猪高,还需进一步研究。