基于多目标线性规划的模拟电路软故障诊断方法

阐述了一种新的容差条件下基于多目标线性规划理论的模拟电路软故障诊断方法。通过灵敏度分析建立电路测试节点电压增量方程,并以元件参数变化量与标称值的百分比作为故障判据。采用多目标线性规划方法求解测试节点方程组来估算电路中各元件在一定故障情况下的参数变化百分比,将方程组的解与各元件容差范围相比较来定位故障元件。仿真结果表明,该方法兼顾故障元件的定位和故障元件参数变化量的估算,可以有效地实现模拟电路元件参数在一定容差范围内变化条件下的软故障诊断。     

电压灵敏度向量在模拟电路故障诊断中的应用

针对模拟电路故障中元件参数连续变化具有无穷多种可能性的问题,首先证明了线性模拟电路中,测试点电压向量在故障状态下相对于标准状态下的增量,其向量方向由故障元件在被测电路中的位置决定。并证明了节点电压敏感度向量方向与节点电压向量增量的方向相同,并且其模反映了故障元件参数变化量到节点电压向量的权重。以修正后的节点电压灵敏度向量为故障特征建立故障字典,提出一种容差条件下的故障诊断判定算法,可以有效地实现模拟电路元件参数在一定容差范围内随机变化条件下的单一软故障诊断。针对ITC’97Benchmark电路中的连续时间状态可变滤波器电路,仿真实验实现了10%容差条件下的故障诊断,验证了该理论的正确性和方法的有效性。     

容差条件下的模拟电路多故障诊断

针对容差模拟电路多故障诊断问题,提出了包括故障状态检测、故障粗糙集生成和故障元件定位的分步诊断方法。将有限测点的故障状态检测转化为容差约束下的线性规划问题;推导得到故障特征等式并生成故障粗糙集,证明了在容差条件下的故障特征等式中可选用标称参数电路的节点电压;对故障粗糙集中元件参数的偏差限值进行修正,对修正后的电路进行状态检测,实现故障元件定位,并估算故障参数偏差。仿真实例表明,该方法具有较高的诊断准确度和参数辨识精度。     

一种模拟电路功能模块故障诊断的方法

针对实际电路中以模块化的形式实现特定应用功能的模拟电路,按功能进行分类,从实用化的角度研究了其功能故障的诊断方法。以空间电子仪器测试系统中的综合信号处理电路为应用背景,研究了模拟电路模块划分原则和方法,提出了一种模块化功能故障检测方法,并构造了模拟电路第一级功能模块字典;基于测前迭代仿真的通用模拟电路故障诊断方法,通过改进提出了"6点5段式"模拟电路测前迭代仿真方法,并构造了功能模块电路的第二级故障字典,在功能模块故障检测的基础上实现了故障元件的定位和参数区间识别。最后,通过仿真实例验证了该诊断方法的有效性,为模拟电路故障字典法在空间电子仪器模拟电路中的故障诊断实用化奠定了基础。     

Frequency‐domain grouping robust fault diagnosis for analog circuits with uncertainties

A new frequency‐domain grouping robust fault diagnosis (GRFD) scheme, based on the design for both grouping‐robust estimation/evaluation of component variation rate and Boolean‐based decision process, is proposed for solving fault diagnosis of large‐scale analog circuits with uncertainties, including both component tolerances and measurement errors.In this scheme, first, grouping‐robust estimators for one partitioning of all component groups, designed by using grouping‐full‐column rank output measurement technique, are employed to estimate the component variation rate. Secondly, based on the faulty possibility judgment policy suggested in this research, grouping‐robust evaluators are employed for the careful evaluation of component variation rate in order to reduce the effect of both component tolerances and measurement errors on the diagnostic test result for one partitioning. Next, both repeating the same one‐partitioning GRFD for a variety of partitionings and combining Boolean‐based decision process, an overall GRFD scheme is proposed for achieving analog fault diagnosis. Finally, a fault diagnosis example of a large‐scale analog circuit is illustrated. The results indicate that without any a priori information about the type of component failure, a precise t‐diagnosable case for a large‐scale circuit with component tolerances and measurement errors is accomplished at the lowest measurement cost. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards analog implementations of PWL two‐dimensional non‐linear functions

This paper deals with the circuit implementation of non‐linear algebraic bivariate functions. The synthesis procedure is based on a piecewise‐linear approximation technique and on a corresponding circuit architecture, whose basic element is a circuit block with the input/output function y(x) = max(0; x). Some known CMOS circuit structures that can be used to obtain such a block are considered, and their main advantages and drawbacks are pointed out. The static and dynamic features of both the single circuit block and the overall architecture for two‐dimensional PWL functions are illustrated by way of examples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大规模容差模拟电路多故障诊断法

本文研究了大规模容差模拟电路的多故障诊断问题,针对交流、直流线性电路和非线性直流电路,考虑了测试点数目有限以及元件容差存在的情况下的电路故障诊断,采用了一种基于线性程序概念的子网络级故障诊断算法来确定元件的实际参数是否在容差范围内或者某些元件是否有故障.文中提及的几个测试方程在定义可能的故障元件中起了关键性作用,并详细阐述了二重故障的诊断原理,且给出了三重故障的诊断公式.该方法大大减少了大规模网络故障诊断计算量,快速有效的定位故障元件.最后用实例说明了该法的有效性.     

采用模糊支持向量机的模拟电路故障诊断新方法

为了解决模拟电路故障诊断复杂多样难于辨识的问题,有效提高分类的准确度,提出了一种模拟电路故障诊断的新方法。首先对采集的信号进行时-频域联合特征提取并采用新的模糊隶属度函数确定训练样本的隶属度,消除噪声和野点对故障诊断的影响;然后将训练集输入模糊支持向量机分类方法训练获得故障诊断模型;最后将测试集输入训练好的模糊支持向量机分类模型,实现对不同故障类型的识别。将该方法应用于CTSV滤波电路进行故障诊断仿真实验,结果显示该方法不仅能正确分类单故障而且能有效分类多故障,平均故障诊断率达到98.2%,为模拟电路故障诊断开辟新的途径。     

基于NOFRFs的模拟电路中的非线性故障诊断

电路系统的正常与故障状态在很多情况下表现在其非线性传递特性发生变化,因而通过检测电路的非线性特征来诊断电路的故障是一种有效的办法。介绍了一种基于NOFRFs来诊断模拟电路系统非线性故障的方法,提出了一种基于系统NOFRFs模型的故障判据。通过比较实测情况下与正常情况下电路系统的非线性特征来判断当前电路是否处于故障状态。通过仿真验证了这种方法的正确性。该方法操作简单,计算量小,故可应用于许多实际的工程场合。     

A method for fault diagnosis in linear electronic circuits

A method for fault location and parameter identification in linear AC and DC circuits with limited accessible terminals for excitation and measurement is developed in this paper. Fault location is based on a derived relationship having a general meaning. It requires analyses of the circuit with nominal parameters and distinct excitations as well as measurements of some node voltages in the circuit with perturbed parameters. The fault parameter is identified using a formula obtained on the basis of the Woodbury expression. A decomposition technique is suggested enabling us to apply the method for multiple fault diagnosis. Several numerical examples illustrate the proposed approach and show its effectiveness. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiple catastrophic fault diagnosis of analog circuits considering the component tolerances

This paper deals with the diagnosis of multiple catastrophic faults, being cuts (open‐circuits) of some connecting paths and/or short‐circuits of some pairs of points in analog circuits. A method enabling us to detect and identify the faults, taking into account the deviations of the circuit parameters within their tolerance ranges, is developed. The method exploits an appropriate fault dictionary. The fault dictionary is used only for preliminary identification of the faults, because it is based on the analysis of the circuits with nominal parameters. The crucial point of the method is a verification procedure, proposed in this paper, based on the linear programming approach. It leads to the results considering the component variations within their tolerance ranges. In addition, a procedure for selecting appropriate test points, employing some evolutionary techniques, is developed. Although the approach presented in this paper is described in detail for linear circuits, it can be directly generalized to nonlinear circuits. Three numerical examples, including two linear and one nonlinear circuits, illustrate the proposed method and show its efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fault modeling on complex field using least‐square circle fitting for linear analog circuits

A new fault modeling method using least‐square circle fitting (LSCF ) for linear analog circuits is proposed in this paper. In this method, Monte Carlo simulation is used to obtain the output voltage values when the parameter of one faulty component is changed while those of the other components vary within their tolerance limits. All the output response voltage values for every faulty circuit statue are decomposed into real and imaginary parts on a complex field. Then, LSCF method is adopted to match these data, yielding a corresponding circular curve on complex plane, which also can be expressed with a circular function. Its center coordinates and radius are established as the fault features. During measurements, by calculating the distance from one real output to each circular center coordinate and comparing the distance with each circular radius, a faulty component can be diagnosed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by experiments. The results show that (i) the proposed fault modeling can accurately locate the fault component, and (ii) it can also simply be a fault dictionary. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于双空间的融合特权信息支持向量机模拟电路故障诊断

针对模拟电路故障诊断识别率较低的问题,提出了基于双空间特征提取的融合特权信息支持向量机的模拟电路故障诊断新方法。首先对采集的信号进行主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)——特征提取;并用融合特权信息支持向量机LUPI-SVM(SVM of learning using privileged information,LUPI-SVM)分类器和SVM-GA分类器进行预分类;对分类结果不同的样本进行独立成分分析(independent component analysis,ICA)—特征提取,并用LUPI_SVM进行分类识别,Sallen-Key滤波电路故障诊断仿真实验结果表明该方法有效提高了分类的性能,为模拟电路故障诊断提供了新的途径。     

容差条件下模拟电路软故障的数学规划诊断方法

为了诊断容差条件下模拟电路软故障,提出一种利用数学规划进行软故障诊断的方法。从电路灵敏度分析入手,建立节点电压增量方程。随后,将节点电压增量方程作为约束条件,将要处理的故障诊断问题转化成为数学规划(mathematical programming,MP)模型并且建立相应的数学规划方程。通过求解这些MP方程,估计待测电路中各元件参数的偏移程度。并由此判断待测电路中是否存在故障元件。     

频域内的非线性模拟电路故障诊断

利用Volterra级数分析非线性模拟电路核函数的结论,分析了测试节点输出响应信号各阶频率分量相对于电路中元件参数的灵敏度,从而确定被测电路的故障诊断算法.为了提高灵敏度计算的效率,本文分析了灵敏度计算时非线性元件高阶项对测试节点输出响应信号各阶频谱分量的直接影响因素和间接影响因素,从而避免了两者之间的耦合而增加灵敏度的计算量.实际应用电路的分析结果表明本文介绍算法不仅极大的降低了灵敏度分析的计算量,可广泛应用于非线性模拟电路的自动测试系统.     

BP神经网络在模拟电路故障诊断中的应用

模拟电路故障诊断有很多方法,介绍一种基于BP神经网络的智能诊断方法。     

An efficient piecewise‐linear DC analysis method for general non‐linear circuits

The convergence problems of conventional DC analysis can be partly avoided by using piecewise‐linear analysis. This paper proposes a piecewise‐linear DC analysis method that can efficiently handle arbitrary couplings between non‐linear circuit elements. Piecewise‐linear modelling of the non‐linear circuit elements is automatically performed during simulation, using simplicial subdivisions. The number of linear regions, and thereby iterations, is considerably reduced by combining the common parts of separate simplicial subdivisions. Due to these reasons and since the method is formulated with the commonly used modified nodal approach, it has been possible to implement the method in the general‐purpose circuit simulator APLAC. The correct operation of the method is demonstrated with three examples. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小波神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断改进

在运用神经网络进行模拟电路故障诊断的过程中,代表着故障特征的网络输入至关重要,由于小波变换的时频局部化和多尺度分析等特性,将两者结合起来,通过小波变换对模拟电路的输出响应进行故障特征提取,同时解决PSPICE与MATLAB之间的数据通信问题,提出将蒙特卡罗分析产生的所有训练样本经过处理后输入到一个神经网络进行训练的方法,从而避免了训练多个神经网络。利用神经网络对各种故障模式进行分类,实现模拟电路的故障诊断,并进一步与传统的BP网络故障诊断法进行比较。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现故障检测及定位,诊断的准确率显著提高,适用于模拟电路故障诊断。