Ti2AlNb基合金薄壁构件热成形工艺研究

为研究Ti₂ALNb基合金薄板的工程化应用,对轻质耐高温材料Ti₂AlNb基合金冷轧薄板进行了冷成形、热成形和热处理实验研究,获得了该合金的热成形、热处理性能及优选的工艺参数,并进行了该合金带翻边薄壁锥筒的热成形工艺试验.结果表明:Ti₂AlNb合金薄板在900 ℃下保温2 h后空冷可实现筒形件的热校形获得稳定外形;在不低于850 ℃条件下可实现带翻边焊接筒体件的热成形,并且在同一次热循环过程中可实现零件的热处理,获得尺寸精度及组织性能都能满足要求的大尺寸工程零件.     

Ti及TiAl合金的电致增塑性

TiAl合金和Ti合金由于缺少滑移系,是典型的难变形材料.本文探索应用高密度脉冲电流改善其成形性.所选择的材料是TiAl合金 (Ti₂AlNb)、TC4合金(Ti-6Al-4V)、TA15合金和TA1-A.研究了脉冲电流处理对变形损伤的影响,研究结果表明,在一定条件下因塑性变形而产生的微裂纹可以被治愈,并形成局部的再结晶组织,预塑性变形试样的塑性可以被完全恢复,极限变形量得到提高.对退火态的板材进行了高密度电流脉冲处理试验分析,试验结果表明,电流脉冲处理显著地改变了板材的力学性能:均匀延伸率提高、屈服应力和屈强比下降.这对改善钛合金板材成形性具有重要的意义.选用冷轧态板材进行了脉冲电流处理实验,研究结果表明,脉冲电流处理可以大幅度地提高冷轧钛合金板材的塑性,同时材料强度不降低,由于晶粒的细化作用,强韧性得到改善.本文的研究结果表明高密度脉冲电流是改善难变形合金成形性的一种有效方法.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金半固态成形的研究现状与应用

半固态成形技术为实现Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金"以铸代锻"的目标提供了有效途径。主要综述了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金半固态制浆与成形技术、半固态成形合金的成分调控、微观组织结构与性能等方面的研究现状与进展,同时结合笔者所在学术团队的研究经历,对半固态成形件的组织和性能进行了简要分析。详细综述了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金半固态制浆和成形方法,着重介绍了环缝式电磁搅拌技术、蛇形通道浇注法及复合式半固态成形技术。进而综述了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu半固态成形合金的成分及微观组织结构调控方面的研究进展,介绍了合金成分调控及热处理工艺优化对性能的积极影响,分析比较了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金半固态成形后的微观组织和力学性能的研究现状。最后,对该成形方向的研究和应用现状进行了总结,分析了其需要解决的主要问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

Al/Al2O3复合材料伪半固态触变模锻成形

在粉末成形的基础上,结合金属半固态加工技术提出了金属/陶瓷复合材料伪半固态触变模锻成形工艺,并成功制备出 Al/Al₂O₃复合材料杯形件。微观组织观察及力学性能分析表明制件微观组织致密、力学性能优异。当铝体积分数增加到37%时,不同成形压力下复合材料制件抗弯强度可达430~690 MPa,断裂韧性达8.5~16.8 MPa·m1/2,与原位反应及高温氧化工艺相比抗弯强度及断裂韧性大幅度提高。同时分析了成形温度、成形压力等工艺参数对制件性能的影响。研究结果证明采用该工艺成形金属/陶瓷复合材料是可行的。     

Ag含量对表面多孔Ti-Ag/NiTi梯度合金组织与性能的影响

为了提高NiTi合金的生物活性并赋予其一定的抗菌性,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了表面多孔Ti-Ag /NiTi梯度合金,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、室温压缩、人工模拟体液浸泡、贴膜法等方法研究了不同Ag含量对梯度合金微观组织、界面结合、表面孔隙特征、力学性能、体外生物活性及抗菌性能的影响及机理.研究表明：梯度合金中间基体主要由奥氏体NiTi相(B2)和单斜马氏体NiTi相(B19′)组成,并同时存在少量次生相Ti₂Ni相,表面多孔层主要由α-Ti、TiAg和Ti₂Ag相组成,内外层界面形成稳定冶金结合;Ag含量增加对梯度合金表面孔隙率和平均孔径影响不大,但抗压强度值提高而弹性模量变化不明显,这主要与表面多孔层中TiAg和Ti₂Ag相的强化作用有关;梯度合金在人工模拟体液中浸泡14 d后表面形成了大量类骨磷灰石层,显示了优异的体外生物活性,同时,Ag的加入显著提高了梯度合金的抗菌性能.     

粉末Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo合金热变形能力的对比研究

采用预合金粉末热等静压工艺制备名义成分为Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo(原子百分数)的粉末Ti2AlNb合金,对粉末合金、经热处理的粉末合金和同种成分的熔铸Ti2AlNb合金进行了压缩实验。结果表明,粉末Ti2AlNb合金具有与熔铸变形合金相当的变形能力,热处理对粉末Ti2AlNb合金的变形能力没有明显的影响,粉末合金在低温和高应变速率下的变形抗力更低,不易开裂。采用典型粉末成型工艺制备粉末Ti2AlNb热变形坯料,在两相区进行了不同变形量的墩粗和拔长热变形。结果表明,粉末Ti2AlNb坯料变形后没有宏观裂纹,变形均匀。拉伸实验结果表明,变形后经热处理的粉末Ti2AlNb合金表现出更好的拉伸性能。     

Zr35Ti30Cu8.25Be26.75非晶合金在高速率下的高温流变本构模型

为研究锆基非晶合金在过冷液相区内较高温度区间和较高应变速率变形条件下的流变行为,准确描述温度和应变速率对非晶合金流变应力的影响,用Zwick/Roell力学性能实验机对Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金进行高温(～1.2T_g)较高速(～10⁰/s)下的压缩实验,分别采用虚应力模型和提出的Maxwell-Pulse本构模型进行了应力、应变关系的表征。结果表明:Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金的流变行为具有较强的温度和应变速率敏感性,即随着温度的降低和应变速率的升高,非晶合金的流变应力单调增加,同时其变形行为由平衡态牛顿流变转变为非平衡态的非牛顿流变;对比实验数据和模型预测数据发现,虚应力模型拟合结果偏差较大,误差大于50%,而Maxwell-Pulse本构模型预测值与实验值一致性好,准确率在90%以上,说明Maxwell-Pulse本构模型不仅能够同时描述Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金的牛顿流变和非牛顿流变现象,也能够准确地反映Zr₃₅Ti₃₀Cu_8.25Be_26.75非晶合金在高温和较高应变速率变形条件下的应力应变关系。     

激光选区熔化AlSi7Mg合金的微观组织和力学性能

利用激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting, SLM)成形技术对AlSi7Mg合金成形工艺进行研究,并对最佳工艺参数成形沉积态和热处理试样微观组织和力学性能进行分析。结果发现:沉积态试样抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率均明显高于铸态性能,横向试样分别达到435.78 MPa、299.23 MPa和14.36%。热处理对SLM试样的微观组织和力学性能影响很大,350℃、3 h退火工艺下,试样延伸率增加到30.83%,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别下降到210.35 MPa和152.01 MPa。本工作表明,可以通过改变工艺参数和热处理控制晶粒尺寸和形状,以获得所需微观组织和力学性能的合金。     

选区激光熔化精密成形轻质镁合金的研究进展

选区激光熔化成形作为一种新兴的增材制造工艺,可以实现轻质镁合金复杂构件的一体化精密成形。由于镁合金的化学性质活泼,镁合金的选区激光熔化成形相较于其他合金系更具挑战性,沉积构件的强度、塑性、韧性等力学性能指标整体偏低,抗腐蚀性能整体偏差,所以还需进一步提升其综合性能并拓展镁合金的应用领域。综述了近年来国内外关于镁合金选区激光熔化成形方面的研究,为镁合金的精密一体化成形提供相应的理论基础和指导策略。首先阐述了该新兴工艺的原理及特点,基于镁合金熔沸点低、饱和蒸气压高等特点,综合探讨了微裂纹、孔隙和杂质等缺陷的形核原理,提出了相应的缺陷控制策略。对沉积试样的微观组织进行了分析,并与传统工艺进行了比较,并基于此讨论了合金成分微调控和镁基复合材料这2种实现成分微调控的主要方案。最后结合热处理、热等静压等后处理方式调控微观组织,并对采用摩擦搅拌、激光冲击强化等强化工艺结合选区激光熔化的复合增材制造工艺在线闭合缺陷、调控微观组织等技术进行展望,希望可以进一步提升镁合金的综合性能,促进镁合金更广泛的工程应用。     

不同Mo含量对Al-Mg合金轧板微观组织和短时高温力学性能的影响

基于高强度耐火Al-Mg合金开发需求,设计并制备了6种Mo含量(质量分数)的Al-Mg合金,经变形热处理获得H3xx态轧板,结合光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、拉伸试验机、带有能谱仪(EDS)的蔡司扫描电镜(SEM)等表征设备对各合金轧板微观组织和短时高温力学性能进行检测分析,揭示了微量Mo对Al-Mg合金的强韧化机理。结果表明:Mo合金化H3xx态Al-Mg合金具有较高的力学性能,这主要归功于与铝基体呈半共格关系的Al₁₂Mo弥散相起到的弥散强化效果和抑制再结晶作用,但过量的Mo易使Al-Mg合金形成较高Mg固溶度的难熔Al₁₂Mo结晶相,不利于合金性能提升。Al₁₂Mo弥散相具有一定的高温稳定性,高温状态下显著阻碍再结晶晶粒长大,进而提高Al-Mg合金高温性能。Mo含量为0.08%时的高温性能最佳,高温强度最大提升22.5%。随着Mo含量的增加,Al-Mg合金常温力学性能和短时高温力学性能都有所提高。     

Effect of isothermal deformation on microstructure and properties of electron beam welded joint of Ti2AlNb/TC11

Abstract

The present paper reports the influence of hot work (isothermal deformation accompanied with heat treatment) on microstructure and properties of electron beam welded dissimilar joint. Ti₂AlNb alloy and TC11 alloy were used to fabricate the joints. Isothermal deformation and heat treatment were performed under certain conditions. The structures were analysed using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the as welded metal of Ti₂AlNb/TC11 joint is mainly composed of α₂ and β phases. The metastable β phase transformed into α+β phases during deformation and heat treatment processes. There are no big differences in tensile strength of joints under different conditions. However, the impact toughness of the weld has improved 72% after hot work.     

Development of laminated composite materials based on orthorhombic aluminide/titanium alloy and their tensile mechanical properties

Abstract

Laminated composite materials consisting of an orthorhombic Ti₂AlNb based alloy and an (α+β) titanium alloy have been fabricated at a laboratory scale using a two-step process involving diffusion bonding and hot rolling. The feasibility of fabrication of two and three layered materials with high quality bonding between layers was demonstrated. Preliminary assessment of the tensile mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials showed that they were superior to those of the titanium alloy and slightly inferior to the orthorhombic alloy.     

Microstructure Design and Heat Response of Powder Metallurgy Ti_2AlNb Alloys

Pre-alloyed powder of Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Mo(atomic fraction,%) was prepared by gas atomization.Powder metallurgy(PM) Ti_2AlNb alloys were prepared by a hot isostatic pressing(HIPing) route.The influence of experimental variables including HIPing temperatures,solution and aging temperatures on microstructure and properties of PM Ti_2AlNb alloys was studied.The results showed that HIPing temperature affected the porosity distribution and mechanical properties of PM Ti_2AlNb alloys.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the PM Ti_2AlNb alloys changed obviously after various post heat treatments,and a good combination of tensile strength,ductility and rupture lifetime was obtained through an optimized heat treatment in the present work.     

多尺度铝合金变形组织演变模型研究进展

铝合金在热成形过程中,微观组织会发生晶粒长大、晶粒不均匀变形、动态再结晶等一系列复杂的演化,而这些材料内部微观结构的改变,会直接影响铝合金的综合性能。通过掌握变形过程中微观组织演变的物理本质,以达到控制微观组织及产品性能的目的,已经越来越受到材料研究者的重视。对铝合金变形组织演变模型的研究现状进行了综述,重点介绍了多尺度模拟方法,同时指出了研究中存在的问题,对铝合金变形组织演变建模的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing Loading Route on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti_2AlNb Alloys

In this work, hot isostatic pressing(HIPing) technique was used to densify the Ti_2AlNb pre-alloyed powder.The influence of HIPing loading route parameters(temperature and rates of heating and pressurizing)on microstructure and properties of PM Ti_2AlNb alloys was studied. The results showed that HIPing loading route parameters affected the densification process and mechanical properties(especially high temperature rupture lifetime) of PM Ti_2AlNb alloys in the present work. A finite element method(FEM) model for predicting the final densification was developed and was used to optimize the HIPing procedure.     

T4 热处理对石膏型 AZ91 铸造镁合金组织和性能的影响

用石膏型熔模铸造技术,成功制备了AZ91镁合金铸件.用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)以及电子万能实验机等,研究了AZ91镁合金铸态及T4热处理态的显微组织演变和力学性能.结果表明,分布在铸态AZ91镁合金晶界的网状β-Mg17Al12相在T4热处理过程中逐渐溶解,铸态和T4热处理态中均存在大量的A18Mn5化合物,T4处理后,其力学性能显著提高.     

Microstructure and properties of SiCw/6061 aluminium alloy composites after compression at temperatures around solidus of matrix

Abstract

The effect of compressive deformation at temperatures around the solidus of the matrix on the microstructure and properties of SiC_w/6061 aluminium alloy composites was investigated. It was found that the temperature, strain rate, and amount of deformation affect whisker distribution and breakage, densification and uniformity of composites, and SiC_w/matrix alloy interfacial bonding. The microstructural evolution due to compression affects the properties of the composites, which is considered to be the most important aspect for evaluating high temperature plastic forming of the composites. The optimum parameters for compressive deformation were determined by analysing the microstructure and the properties of the composites.     

镍基合金的热变形行为及智能热加工技术研究进展

镍基合金具有优异的高温强度,良好的抗疲劳、抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能,是目前航空航天领域内应用最为广泛的金属材料之一,已成为航空发动机热端部件不可替代的关键材料.镍基合金的高温变形抗力大、成形温度范围窄、微观组织演变复杂,给镍基合金零件的成形制造带来了巨大挑战.综述了近年来镍基合金的高温流变规律及建模、微观组织演变规律与建模、...     

An investigation to the effect of deformation-heat treatment cycle on the eutectic morphology and mechanical properties of a Thixocast A356 alloy

The influences of deformation, heat treatment temperature and holding time on morphology and size distribution of Si containing eutectic phases of Thixocast Al-7Si-0.4 Mg alloy were investigated. The novel thermo-mechanical treatment consisted of initial cold working practice followed by a solution heat treatment at 540 °C for durations ranging from 2 min to 120 min followed by water quenching. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to study the influence of process parameters on microstructure evolution. Also, final mechanical properties were investigated using hardness test. The results indicate that, under appropriate conditions it is possible to achieve an ultrafine grain microstructure with the eutectic Si fibers fragmented and spheroidized in the entire microstructure. It was also found that, an agglomeration of sphrodized particles occurs and is governed by Ostwald ripening mechanism.     

Microstructure and crystallographic properties of Cu77Zn21 alloy under the effect of heat treatment

The influence of heat treatment process on microstructure and physiochemical properties of Cu₇₇Zn₂₁ alloy was studied. Samples were heated from 300 to 700°C for 15 minutes and gradually cooled to room temperature. Samples were characterized using mechanical testing and surface analysis techniques. It was observed that the grain size increases with the increasing temperature. The decrease in hardness is due to composition change of the Cu-Zn alloy attributed to zinc diffusion.XRD shows the presence of only α brass with a preferential orientation along the (111) plane. The analyses show that temperature affects the crystalline parameters. The rms microstrain was reduced mainly by thermal activation. The heat treatment promotes atomic diffusion and leads to a better crystallinity of the particles. The results of Raman investigations confirmed the changes in the Cu-Zn alloy surface composition with a clear enrichment in CuO. This behavior correlates with the results obtained by mechanical testing.