Motion compensation approach for wide-swath missile-borne SAR imagery

In wide-swath missile-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, the range-variant residual phase modulation, which is introduced by the presence of trajectory deviations, will seriously degrade the focusing quality of the final image. To deal with this problem, a motion compensation approach for missile-borne SAR is proposed. In the approach, the signal model of motion error for diving movement is established. Then, according to the inertial navigation system (INS) information, the range-variant residual Doppler rates of the echoes are extracted by using the Doppler rate estimation, on the basis of which the corresponding phase error can be calculated and compensated. Simulation results show that, by using the proposed approach, the influences of the motion error on focusing are greatly reduced with the well focused image obtained.     

联合误差估计的机载超高分辨率SAR成像

针对机载超高分辨率合成孔径雷达存在运动误差严重影响成像质量的问题,提出一种联合误差估计的超高分辨率成像方法。首先,依据合成孔径雷达成像几何,将惯导投影到斜距平面坐标系,反演出运动误差,通过插值运算完成距离空变粗补偿;接着,为了有效结合运动补偿,采用改进施托克插值的距离徙动算法完成徙动校正;利用子孔径误差相位提取和全孔径拼接的方法,完成运动误差的精估计和补偿;采用图像偏移算法实现残余方位空变误差相位估计和补偿。完成以上徙动校正和运动补偿后,对方位全孔径数据进行匹配滤波,得到超高分辨率合成孔径雷达成像结果。采用所提算法对机载X波段和Ku波段实测数据进行成像,得到二维0.05m超高分辨率成像结果,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

利用回波数据的高分宽测机载SAR运动误差提取方法

为实现高分辨宽测绘带SAR成像,提出一种基于回波数据的高分辨宽测绘带机载SAR运动误差提取方法,有效弥补了基于惯性测量单元/全球定位系统(INS/GPS)提取的运动误差精度低的问题.首先采用一种基于图像对比度最优的方法对SAR回波数据进行相位误差估计,然后利用加权总体最小二乘(WTLS)基于空变相位误差模型反演运动轨迹...     

高低轨异构双基地SAR改进CS成像算法

针对地球同步轨道卫星发射-低轨道卫星被动接收的异构双基合成孔径雷达系统中,由于收发时延长和接收机速度快导致的“走-停”假设不成立,复杂成像几何下回波信号在距离向和方位向具有严重空变性的问题,提出一种基于二维时域扰动的改进线性调频变标成像算法．首先基于双基观测几何推导出非“走-停”假设下的信号模型;然后通过时域扰动的方法校正回波二维空变性;最后对残余相位进行补偿．仿真实验表明,该算法可实现高低轨双基合成孔径雷达高分辨率宽幅场景的良好聚焦,且具有很好的保相性能．     

Accelerated time domain imaging algorithm and its autofocus approach

The measurement accuracy of a navigation system is inadequate for airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This may seriously degrade the image quality. In this paper, we propose an accelerated time domain (ATD) imaging algorithm combined with the autofocus method. By introducing the global pseudo polar coordinate (GPPC), we construct the Fourier transform pair (FTP) relationship. Then, the weighted least square phase gradient autofocus (WLS-PGA) algorithm is adopted to implement accurate phase error compensation. This method uses fast Fourier transform to implement sub-image fusions instead of time-consuming two-dimensional interpolation. Also, it has good compatibility with the high-accuracy autofocus algorithm to estimate the residual motion errors within the radar echoes and to obtain a well-focused image.     

Improved chirp scaling algorithm integrated motion compensation for parallel-track bistatic synthetic aperture radar

To compensate motion errors of images from the parallel-track bistatic synthetic aperture radar ( BiSAR),an improved chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is proposed.Since velocity vector of the moving aircra...     

结合隐函数导数方法的平行等速双基SAR成像

由于双基合成孔径雷达回波信号中,其斜距历程为两个根号和,故信号在二维频率域或者距离多普勒域的表达式无法通过驻定相位点原理解析得到.针对这个问题,将此驻定相位点表示为方位频率的泰勒级数,并且称该方法为隐函数导数法.通过代数计算,可以得到平行等速双基合成孔径雷达构型下的二维频谱.应用该方法,可以将斜距历程中的双根号变成单根号,这对后续的成像算法是有帮助的.然后,基于这个频谱,改进的距离多普勒算法被用于处理平行等速双基合成孔径雷达数据,同时得到相应的成像处理结果.仿真实验和实测数据处理验证了该处理方法的有效性.     

利用时间-调频率分布特性的复杂运动目标ISAR成像研究

针对海面舰船目标的复杂运动所引起的调频率的变化并导致方位聚焦质量下降的问题,提出了一种新的基于TC-DechirpClean(时间-调频率平面的解调频Clean搜索方法)的瞬时成像方法,在方位信号的时间-调频率平面内,利用信号散射点调频率变化率的一维搜索方法得到信号的调频率的变化率和调频率值,同时,在补偿高次相位后做FFT变换,根据幅度最大的位置来确定信号的中心频率和幅度信息,重构有用的回波信号,最终对目标进行ISAR成像．实测数据成像结果证明了该方法能有效地解决调频率的变化所造成的方位聚焦质量下降的问题．     

基于InISAR技术的三维成像

建立了在目标与天线电轴间存在较大斜角情况下的干涉式逆合成孔径雷达(InISAR)三维成像模型．研究了目标运动补偿误差对干涉测量的影响,并给出运动补偿的详细步骤．由于相位差以2π为周期,所以运动补偿误差对测量结果的影响也是周期性的,这可能造成目标像的横向折叠,本方法首先估计出目标像重心相位,然后将目标像重心作为目标的基准点对相位差进行补偿以校正目标的偏移．测量得到的目标三维坐标并不是在直角坐标系下得到的,给出了坐标转换的公式．最后用仿真结果验证了此方法的有效性．     

Linear frequency diversity array synthetic aperture radar imaging based on enhanced back-projection algorithm

Based on the signal model of multiple carrier frequency (MCF) for linear frequency diversity array synthetic aperture radar (LFDA-SAR), we propose an enhanced back-projection (EBP) algorithm. Compensation for the quadratic phase error in echoes is executed and the spatial-variant range drifting amount and phase of the target are amended during the process of back-projection. The proposed algorithm can effectively rectify the image blurring and geometric distortion problem in classical back-projection imaging results, realize a high precision imaging of targets with an arbitrary imaging geometry and distinguish adjacent strong and weak targets. All results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

毫米波小斜视SAR垂直航向运动分析与补偿

In millimeter wave high resolution SAR imaging, the existing squint SAR cross-track motion compensation algorithm brings into a phase error of more than π/4 during the imaging process. The phase error would worsen the compensation effect. This paper transforms the squint slant range with the motion error into the side-looking slant range. We adopt the side-looking cross-track motion compensation algorithm to cross-track motion compensation. The proposed algorithm works well on the millimeter wave real data in the 10° squint angle and the results are better than those obtained by existing algorithms in the same squint angle.     

SAR成象对方位向运动补偿的要求

载体偏离匀速直线运动的运动误差是合成孔径雷达成象的基本困难之一。本根据回波信号压缩波形的主要偏移二次相位误差、三次相位误差以及积分帝瓣比等图象质量指标最大允许值,通过详细推导给出了当方位向存在复杂运动误差时带状正侧视ＳＡＲ运动补偿的解析式。     

基于特征匹配的视频稳像算法

应用电子稳像技术的基本原理,以机载成像设备所摄取的图像为研究对象,实现了抖动视频序列稳像的过程。首先对参考帧图像提取特征点,在当前帧找到匹配的特征点以求取帧间运动矢量。采用Kalman滤波方法对运动矢量进行处理,去除抖动分量,再对参考帧进行逐帧运动补偿。经过穏像前后的视频序列帧间差值对比可知,很好的去除了视频序列的抖动。     

采用相干单距离多普勒干涉的太空碎片成像

对于尺寸小于雷达距离分辨率的太空碎片的雷达成像,假设在平动运动完全补偿的条件下,根据太空碎片的运动特点,提出了采用相干单距离多普勒干涉的成像方法．该算法同时利用信号时频谱的强度和相位分布,通过正弦曲线搜索实现对信号的相干积分,从而获得太空碎片的高分辨二维图像．此外,分析了该算法的分辨率及图像质量与时频谱的关系,据此给出一种对应的窗函数的选取准则．     

基于位移相位中心算法的合成孔径声纳运动补偿研究

运动补偿是合成孔径声纳（SAS）成像的关键问题，SAS系统一般利用多接收元回波信号的互相关特性进行运动补偿。在深入分析位移相位中心算法的基础上，给出了一种改进的SAS运动补偿算法。该算法首先修正声信号的实际传播距离与采用等效相位中心近似的传播距离之间的偏差，然后基于时延和相位误差估计运动误差，从而在扩大了算法适用的运动误差范围的同时，提高了运动误差估计的精度。文中给出了计算机仿真结果，从结果可以看出改进算法有效地补偿了运动误差，改善了成像质量。     

Approach to joint translational and rotational phase auto-focusing

In high-resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging, the rotational motion of the targets tends to introduce the time-variant Doppler modulation in the echo, which acts as the range-variant phase errors in phase history. Moreover, the performance of translational phase error compensation may be dramatically degraded without properly considering the range-variant phase errors. In this paper, an approach to joint translational and rotational phase auto-focusing is proposed. In the procedure, the joint phase error correction is modeled as range-invariant and range-variant phase errors using a metric of minimum entropy. Then the minimum-entropy optimization is solved by employing a coordinate descend method based on the quasi-Newton solver. Finally, experiment based on simulated data is performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种改进的相位梯度自聚焦算法

当相位梯度算法挑选的散射点不是孤立散射点时,导致相位误差估计的准确性下降．对相位梯度算法中特显点的选取方法进行了改进,提出了一种基于自适应孤立特显点选择的相位梯度方法．该方法首先利用方位滑窗对各像素点进行质量评估,从而挑选出质量最好的孤立特显点用于相位误差估计,接着利用质量评估值指导多个特显点的加权综合以进一步提高相位误差估计的精度．分析和实测数据表明,对于强散射点不孤立的场景,该方法的适用性更好．     

沿航向运动补偿的几何形变校正

进行沿航向运动补偿后SAR图像存在几何形变．影响于图像拼接和多波段SAR图像融合．对沿航向运动补偿后的几何形变量进行了推导。提出一种校正沿航向运动补偿后几何形变的方法．该方法利用多普勒调频率的扰动项构造相位补偿函数进行运动补偿。根据多普勒调频率计算目标在理想情况下的位置．以及经过沿航向运动补偿后相对理想情况的位置偏移量，对SAR图像插值完成几何形变校正．采用仿真和实测多波段数据验证该方法的有效性．     

一种机载MIMO雷达地面运动目标成像方法

针对传统机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）对地面非合作运动目标成像中存在的运动补偿难题,通过空间并行采样获取目标散射信息,提出了一种机载MIMO雷达的高分辨成像方法.与机载SAR不同在于该成像方法采用单次快拍的方式,从而可避免对非合作运动目标进行运动补偿.同时采用单次快拍成像方法可避免传统SAR方位向上长时间多脉冲采样积累,提高了信息获取的实时性.仿真结果证实了所提出方法的可行性.     

The quantitative evaluation of application of hyperspectral data based on multi-parameters joint optimization

In order to evaluate the mineral identification of the hyperspectral data and make a trade-off of the imaging system parameters, a quantitative evaluation approach based on the multi-parameters joint optimization is proposed for the hyperspectral remote sensing. In the proposed approach, the mineral identification is defined as the number of the minerals identified and the key imaging parameters employed include ground sample distance (GSD) and spectral resolution (SR). Certain limitations are found among parameters that are used for analyzing the imaging processes. The constraints include the industrial manufacturing level, application requirements and the quantitative relationship among the GSD, the SR and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Regression analysis is used to investigate the quantitative relationship between the mineral identification and the key imaging system parameters. Then, an optimization model for the trade-off study is established by combining the regression equation with the constraints. The airborne hyperspectral image collected by Hymap is applied to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The experimental results reveal that the approach can achieve the evaluation of the mineral identification and the trade-off of key imaging system parameters. The error of the prediction is within one kind of mineral.