铂–铱–钽–锡氧化物涂层钛阳极在铝轮毂电镀中的应用

采用极化曲线和循环伏安法研究了Ti基Pt–Ir–Ta–Sn氧化物涂层阳极在铜和镍电镀液中的电化学行为,并探讨了铝轮毂电镀前处理工艺、电镀添加剂、氯离子对其强化寿命的影响。结果表明,Ti基Pt–Ir–Ta–Sn氧化物涂层阳极的电催化性能与强化寿命都优于Ti基镀Pt阳极,镀液中的添加剂、氯离子使涂层阳极的强化寿命明显缩短;前处理液侵蚀氧化物涂层表面,但对涂层阳极的强化寿命影响不大。在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中以电流密度4 A/cm2电解,Ti基Pt–Ir–Ta–Sn氧化物涂层阳极的强化寿命可达147 h。     

SnO_2掺杂IrO_2–Ta_2O_5涂层阳极的电催化活性及稳定性

采用热分解法制备了不同SnO2含量(Sn摩尔分数为7.7%、14.3%和20.0%)的Ti基IrO2–Ta2O5–SnO2涂层阳极(Ir与Ta的摩尔比为2∶1),通过循环伏安法、极化曲线测试和交流阻抗谱分析了涂层的电催化活性,采用强化寿命试验测试了阳极的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,掺杂SnO2后,Ti基IrO2–Ta2O5涂层阳极的催化活性表面积增大,但是析氧电位及涂层的总电阻也增大,耐腐蚀性能降低。SnO2含量为7.7%时综合电催化性能最佳。     

铂-铱-钽-锡氧化物涂层钛阳极在铝轮毂电镀中的应用

采用极化曲线和循环伏安法研究了Ti基Pt-Ir-Ta-Sn氧化物涂层阳极在铜和镍电镀液中的电化学行为,并探讨了铝轮毂电镀前处理工艺、电镀添加剂、氯离子对其强化寿命的影响.结果表明,Ti基Pt-Ir-Ta-Sn氧化物涂层阳极的电催化性能与强化寿命都优于Ti基镀Pt阳极,镀液中的添加剂、氯离子使涂层阳极的强化寿命明显缩短;前处理液侵蚀氧化物涂层表面,但对涂层阳极的强化寿命影响不大.在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中以电流密度4 A/cm2电解,Ti基Pt-Ir-Ta-Sn氧化物涂层阳极的强化寿命可达147 h.     

钛基掺锑二氧化锡电极中间层对其电氧化性能的影响

采用电沉积–热氧化法制备含有中间层的钛基锑掺杂二氧化锡电极。研究了在含Sn和Sb(摩尔比9∶1)的乙醇溶液中电沉积制备的中间层对Ti/SnO2–Sb电极表面形貌、组成、电氧化性能和寿命的影响。有中间层和无中间层的Ti/SnO2–Sb电极表面均有龟裂。与无中间层的Ti/SnO2–Sb电极相比,有中间层的Ti/SnO2–Sb电极表面Ti含量较少,Sb、Sn含量较高。有中间层的Ti/SnO2–Sb电极的析氧电位较高,寿命较长,对甲基橙的降解率为94.1%(仅比无中间层的Ti/SnO2–Sb电极低1.3个百分点。     

47型三元涂层金属阳极隔膜电解槽简介

一、概况1.70年代初我国研制成功 Ru—Ti 涂层及 Ru—Ir—Ti 涂层的金属阳极。74年我厂在试验金属阳极涂层的成功基础上以及学习上海桃浦化工厂、上海天原化工厂经验,并参考国外金属阳极涂层技术资料、数据,完成了我厂金属阳极 Ru—Ir—Ti 三元涂层的配方以及涂层制备工艺。我厂选用 Ru—Ir—Ti 三元涂层是因为     

钌钛金属阳极涂层改进试验

国外金属阳极应用丁二水银电解槽使用寿命在1.5～2年以上,运转中电化性能稳定,槽电压上升不显著,所以电耗低。国内钌钛涂层的金属阳极经过八年来的研究试验,虽基本上能满足工业化使用要求,但在涂层性能及使用寿命方面与国外先进水平比较差距还是较大的。根据国外有关资料的报导,在电极涂层中除含有Ru和Ti外,还含有Sn的成份。Sn的氧化物也是氯离子放电的活性物质,可以代替部分的RuO_2。Sn的氧化物作为氧化钌和氧化钛的底层,可以起到防止氧透过活化层在基体上形成氧化膜使电极钝化的作用。同时用SnO_2作中间层     

涂液浓度对IrO2–Ta2O5/Ti阳极涂层形貌及电化学性能的影响

采用Ir与Ta的物质的量比为7:3,Ir和Ta的总浓度分别为0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35和0.40 mol/L的涂液,以热分解制备了IrO_2-Ta_2O_5/Ti阳极。通过循环伏安法和极化曲线测试了涂层的电化学性能,通过扫描电微镜观察了涂层的表面形貌,通过强化寿命试验测试了涂层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着涂液浓度的升高,涂层的电化学活性有所提升,但泥裂状表面使得涂层加速失效。涂液中Ir和Ta的总浓度为0.25 mol/L时制备的阳极具有最优的电催化活性与寿命。     

烧结时间对IrO2–Ta2O5/Ti电极寿命及电化学性能的影响

将氯铱酸和五氯化钽正丁醇溶液按Ir与Ta的物质的量比7∶3混合，采用热分解法在不同烧结时间下制备了IrO₂–Ta₂O₅/Ti阳极。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分别分析了电极表面涂层的形貌及物相组成，通过循环伏安曲线(CV)、线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、标准强化寿命试验(SALT)等方法考察了电极的电化学性能和稳定性。结果表明：随着烧结时间的延长，阳极的电催化活性表面积总体呈减小的趋势，阳极涂层的物相组成及析氧电位未发生明显变化。单层烧结5 min所制备的阳极具有最高的电催化活性，但电解寿命最短；烧结15 min的阳极具有最长的电解寿命，电化学综合性能最佳。     

RuO2组元对RuO2+SnO2+TiO2/Ti钛阳极微观组织、形貌的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法经涂刷、烧结、退火等工艺制备了2组组元相对含量不同的RuO2+SnO2+TiO2/Ti三元涂层钛阳极.并通过XRD, DTA, TEM分析了溶胶凝胶条件下RuO2组元对RuO2+TiO2+SnO2/Ti的电极涂层的对阳极涂层组织、晶粒尺寸和外观形貌的影响.结果发现所获得的三元涂层颗粒尺寸十分细小, 均为纳米结构, 平均晶粒尺寸小于5 nm.添加RuO2组元细化涂层晶粒的效果不显著.研究表明所获得的三元阳极涂层主要组成物相为金红石(Ru,Sn,Ti)O2固溶体, RuO2组元含量较高时涂层出现不同成分金红石相共存的现象;涂层退火温度由450 ℃升高至600 ℃后, (Ru,Sn,Ti)O2固溶体达过饱和状态, 发生脱溶分解.RuO2组元相对含量的高低不能阻止该固溶体高温发生第二相析出.添加RuO2组元的RuO2+SnO2+TiO2涂层晶粒外观呈较理想等轴状特征.RuO2含量较低的阳极试样Ru11Sn62Ti27具有较理想的晶粒组织结构和外观形貌.     

IrO_2-SiO_2涂层钛阳极的失效行为研究

为探讨氧化物涂层阳极的失效原因,采用热分解法在不同焙烧温度下制备了60%IrO2-40%SiO2/Ti氧化物阳极,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDX)和循环伏安测试(CV)分析了阳极在硫酸溶液的强化电解过程前后表面形貌、涂层组成和电化学性能的变化。结果表明,IrO2-SiO2涂层钛阳极失效的主要原因是钛基体和涂层之间形成了不导电的TiO2层。在强化电解过程中,低焙烧温度制备的阳极活性组分的电化学溶解和涂层的机械脱落促进TiO2层的生长。高焙烧温度制备的阳极中已生成一定量的TiO2,在电解时加速电极的失效。600℃焙烧温度下制备的电极的强化寿命最高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.