Effect of samarium filling on the lattice thermal conductivity of skutterudite materials

Sm-filled skutterudites SmxCo4Sb12 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.5) were synthesized via high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) technique. The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity were measured on these compounds in the range of 300-723 K. All samples showed n-type conduction. The thermal conductivity of SmxCo4Sb12 was significantly depressed as com-pared to unfilled CoSb3. It was believed that Sm atoms "rattled" in the voids of structure and substantially affected the phonon propagation through the lattice. The dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, increased with increasing temperature and reached a maximum value of 0.81 for Sm0.5Co4Sb12 at 723 K.     

Crystal Structures and Thermoelectric Properties of Sm-Filled Skutterudite Compounds Smy Fex Co4 - x Sb12

Polycrystalline samples of Sm partially filled skutterudites SmyFexCo4-xSb12 were prepared by melting and Spark Plasma Sintering technique. The results of Rietveld refinement showed that the obtained SmyFexCo4-xSb12 samples possessed filled skutterudite structures. The thermal parameter （B） of Sm is larger than that of Sb, Fe, and Co, indicating that Sm ＂rattled＂ in Sb-icosahedron voids. The effects of filling atom Sm on thermoelectric properties of these compounds were investigated. With the increase of Sm filling fraction （y）, electrical conductivity decreased, Seebeck coefficient increased and had a maximum value when y was 0.38; thermal conductivity reduced and had a minimum value when y was 0. 32. At 750 K, the highest figure of merit of 0.68 was obtained for Sm0.32Fe1.47Co2.53Sb12.     

Thermoelectric Properties of CexCo4Sb12 Prepared by MA-SPS

Starting with elementary powders, thermoelectric materials CexCo4Sb12 were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (MA-SPS). XRD analyses reveal that the expected major phase, named skutterudite was formed in MA process and was kept after SPS. The thermoelectric properties of MA-SPS samples including resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, thermal conductivity and the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) were studied by varying Ce content and temperature. Depending on Ce levels, both P and N types of thermoelectric semiconductors were obtained. MA-SPS sintered Ce1.0Co4Sb12 exhibits the highest ZT in the range of 100-500℃ and the maximum ZT is found at x=1.0 and 400℃.     

Transport properties of Zintl phase Yb1-xCaxCd2Sb2 at low temperature

We investigated the transport properties of isoelectronic substitution of Yb by Ca for Zintl phase YbCd2Sb2 below 300 K.The p-type Yb1-xCaxCd2Sb2(0.2≤x≤0.8) samples were synthesized via a solid-state reaction followed by suitable cooling,annealing,grinding,and spark plasma sintering(SPS) densification processes.For samples with x=0.2,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.8,the electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient,thermal conductivity,heat capacity and Hall effect measurements were carried out in the temperature range from 1...     

Thermoelectric properties of Yb x Co_4 Sb_（12） system

Yb x Co 4 Sb 12 polycrystals were fabricated by vacuum melting combined with hot-press sintering.The effect of Yb-filling on thermoelectric property of unfilled skutterudite CoSb 3 was investigated,which indicated the enhancement of the power factor of the material.Transport properties of materials changed from semi-conductor to semi-metal during the measurement of electrical conductivity,which indicated the change of electronic band structure.The maximum value of electrical conductivity was about 190000 S/m at 300 K for all samples.On the basis of Yb-filling,power factor of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 5-6 mW/(m·K) during the measurement temperature.Thermal conductivity decreased with increase of Yb content,and the thermal conductivity of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 3.2 W/(m·K) at 600 K.The ZT value of Yb 0.2 Co 4 Sb 12 reached 1.16 at 700 K due to positive contribution from high power factor and low thermal conductivity.     

Effect of Y-filling on thermoelectric properties of CoSb3

The CoSb3 and Y0.18Co4Sb12 compounds were synthesized by a metallurgical route. Their bulk materials were prepared by the hot-pressed process under vacuum. Thermoelectric properties of the samples were measured by the thermoelectric measurement system and the laser flash diffusivity apparatus. The carrier type conversion of hot-pressed CoSb3 was found at about 530 K, while the conversion was missed for the Y0.18Co4Sb12 sample. Electrical conductivity of the Y0.18Co4Sb12 sample increased due to the increase of carrier concentration, and its thermal conductivity decreased due to the enhancement of phonon scattering. The value of ZT, figure of merit, for the Y0.18Co4Sb12 sample was obviously enhanced due to positive contribution of the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity.     

Transport and thermoelectric properties of bismuth and Bi-12 at. pct Sb alloy powder compacts

The transport and thermoelectric properties of bismuth and Bi-12 at. pct Sb alloy powder compacts, varying in particle size from 100 to 400 mesh, have been determined over the temperature range 300 to 77 K (liquid nitrogen). From the measured values of resistivity, Seebeck potential, magnetoresistance effect and Hall coefficient, the thermal conductivity, figure of merit, and the charge carrier mobilities and concentrations are determined for the compacts. The values of the thermoelectric parameters, a andZ, for the multicrystalline powder compacts approach but do not exceed the highest values obtained for the single crystals.     

Yb掺杂对热电化合物Ca_(3-x)Yb_xCo_4O_(9+δ)电性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法合成Ca3-xYbxCo4O9+δ(x=0,0.15,0.30,0.45)化合物粉体,以粉体为原料结合放电等离子烧结(SparkPlasmaSinte-ring,SPS)制备出致密的块体材料。研究了Yb掺杂对热电化合物电传输特性的影响。结果表明:在300～850K温度范围内,每个样品的See-beck系数又随着温度的升高而单调增大,而Yb取代Ca可使材料的电阻率(ρ)和Seebeck系数同时增加,这是因为三价的Yb3+取代二价的Ca2+将使化合物的载流子浓度降低,当x=0.30时,材料的功率因子最佳,850K时达到0.32×10-3W.K-.2m-1。     

NaF掺杂的Ca3Co4O9粉体制备及其热电性能研究

本文以CaCO3、NaF、Co(NO3)2.6H2O、HNO3为原料,去离子水为溶剂,柠檬酸为螯合剂,采用自蔓延法制备了NaF掺杂的Ca3Co4O9(Ca3-xNaxCo4O9-xFx)(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25)粉体。粉末的XRD表明图谱中主要衍射峰是Ca3Co4O9的特征峰,有极小部分CaF2存在。粉体的粒度分布在1～100μm之间,平均粒径为11.276μm。烧结试样的SEM显示NaF的掺杂能促进烧结。在温度473～973K下,烧结体热电性能的测试结果显示,随NaF掺杂量的增加,电导率和Seebeck系数先升高后降低。加入20%NaF的Ca3Co4O9烧结体在973K时seebeck系数和功率因子达到最大值,分别为220μV/K和4.39×10-4 W/mK2。     

2-[(对-苯偶氮苯)-三氮烯]苯甲酸与锑的显色反应研究及其应用

合成了新显色剂2-[(对-苯偶氮苯)-三氮烯]苯甲酸(PABTB),并研究了该试剂在阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB存在下与锑离子的显色反应。将邻氨基苯甲酸重氮化得到重氮盐溶液,然后重氮盐与对氨基苯偶氮苯发生偶联反应,产物经提纯和重结晶后得到PABTB。通过元素分析和红外光谱检验确认其为目标产物。在pH 10.18的硼砂和氢氧化钠缓冲溶液介质中,锑与该试剂形成摩尔比为1∶2的红色络合物,其表观摩尔吸光系数为1.686×105L.mol-1.cm-1,锑离子的浓度在0~0.7 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律。用该试剂成功地测定了矿样中微量锑。     

热压烧结P型碲化铋基热电材料的显微组织与性能

为克服目前市售单晶产品加工性能差、取向性高等问题,以高纯单质Te、Bi和Sb为原料,采用熔炼-冷淬-粉碎-热压工艺制备P型碲化铋基热电材料;用氧氮分析仪、粒度分析仪对热压烧结前粉料的氧含量和粒度进行了测定,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对烧结块体沿不同方向的微观形貌、物相结构进行了表征。不同方向的热电性能测试结果显示,热压工艺制备的P型碲化铋基热电材料在不同方向上的塞贝克系数和ZT值基本相同,但电阻率和热导率有不同程度的取向;与市售区熔单晶相比,取向度明显降低,最终样品的相对密度高达99%,且最高ZT值为1.02。该热压烧结工艺的生产设备简单、生产成本低、工作效率高,适合推广至工业化规模生产。     

微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定二氧化钛中痕量砷和锑

采用HNO3+HCl+HF作为消解试剂,样品经微波消解后,用L-半胱氨酸预还原,以氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法对二氧化钛中砷和锑进行了分析。探讨了盐酸、硼氢化钾溶液浓度以及样品还原处理对测定结果的影响,确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明,砷、锑在0~25μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数均为0.9999,砷和锑的检出限分别为0.058μg/L和0.075μg/L。对5μg/L的砷、锑连续11次进样,测得结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.71%和0.78%。方法用于二氧化钛样品的测定,测定结果与ICP-AES测定结果相符,回收率为96%-108%。     

Phase relationships in the Yb-Fe-Sb system at 530℃

Phase relationships in the Yb-Fe-Sb ternary system at 530℃ were investigated mainly by powder metallurgy and X-ray powder diffraction. Nine binary compounds (Yb6Fe23, Yb2Fe17, FeSb, FeSb2, YbSb2, YbSb, Yb11Sb10, Yb4Sb3, and αYb5Sb3) and one ternary compound (Fe4YbSb12) were confirmed in this system at 530℃. The homogeneity range of FeSb phase extended from approximately 43at.%Sb to 45at.%Sb, the maximum solid solubility of Sb in Fe phase and Yb in FeSb phase was approximately 3at.%Sb and 1at.%Yb at 530℃, respectively. Isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Yb-Fe-Sb ternary system at 530℃ consisted of thirteen single-phase regions, twenty-four two-phase regions, and twelve three-phase regions.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定氟石中锑

采用HNO₃、HF和HClO₄消解氟石样品, 通过加热挥发溶液中酸来控制反应体系酸度和去除试液中的F^-, 以L-半胱氨酸为预还原剂, 在60 ℃的温度下进行还原反应30 min, 使溶液中的Sb还原为Sb, 用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定氟石中总锑含量。结果表明, F^-存在下, 不会影响Sb的荧光强度, 但会显著影响Sb的荧光强度, 对总锑的测定存在干扰, 添加L-半胱氨酸或硫脲-抗坏血酸, 都不能消除F^-对Sb荧光强度的影响。方法检出限为0.024 μg/L。选取6种不同氟石样品进行测定, 测定结果的相对标准偏差在3.3%～8.0%范围(n=6), 回收率在94%～106%之间, 锑的测定值与ICP-MS法测定值相符。     

Synthesis, Structure and Bonding Feature of New Metallic Zintl Phases RE 3Cu 3Sb 4(RE=Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho)

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氢化物发生-四通道无色散原子荧光光谱法同时测定纯铜中的痕量砷锑硒碲

采用硝酸溶样,在氨性介质中用氢氧化镧共沉淀As、Sb、Se和Te后与铜基体分离,用氢化物发生-四通道无色散原子荧光光谱法同时测定了纯铜中As、Sb、Se和Te。优化了四元素氢化物发生条件和四元素同时测定的最佳工作参数。结果表明,在最佳条件下,方法对As、Sb、Se和Te的检出限分别为0.04、0.05、0.04和0.03 ng/mL;测定精密度（RSD）分别为0.97%、0.77%、0.57%和1.0% (对20 ng/mL As、Sb和10 ng/mL Se、Te混合标准溶液, n=7)。用所建立的方法对纯铜实际样品中的As、Sb、Se和Te进行了同时测定,测定结果与用国家标准方法测定所得结果之间无明显差异,相对标准偏差为7.0%,各元素的加标回收率为94%~105%。     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和水系沉积物中13种重金属元素

重金属是土壤和水系沉积物环境监测的重要指标,由于土壤和水系沉积物样品基体复杂,采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定其中重金属元素,合理地优化测定条件对提高分析方法的准确度非常关键。以粉末压片法制样,建立了XRF测定土壤和水系沉积物等环境样品中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Sn、V、Zn等13种重金属元素的分析方法。选用31件一级土壤、水系沉积物和岩石成分分析标准物质拟合校准曲线,探讨了各元素的测定条件,以及谱线重叠干扰和基体效应校正等问题,提出了提高As、Cd、Co、Mo、Ni、Sb、Sn等痕量重金属元素分析准确度的具体措施。选用重金属含量水平不同的2件土壤样品考察分析方法的精密度,对含量10mg/kg以上的元素,其测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.47%~5.3%(日内,n=12)和0.83%~6.3%(日间,n=12)。方法的检出限在0.39~5.1mg/kg之间。选用4件土壤和水系沉积物标准物质评估方法的正确度,重金属元素的测量结果与认定值一致。建立的分析方法检出限、精密度和正确度满足土壤和水系沉积物环境监测分析的技术要求。与标准方法相比,建立的分析方法增加了Cd、Sb、Sn等3个重金属元素,拓宽了痕量元素的分析范围。     

Effect of erbium substitution on thermoelectric properties of complex oxide Ca3Co2O6 at high temperatures

Polycrystalline particles of Ca3-xErxCo2O6 （x=0.0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6） were synthesized using sol-gel method combined with Low Temperature Sintering procedure （LTS） to evaluate the effect of Er substitution on the thermoelectric properties of Ca3Co2O6. The crystal structure and microstructure were investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the complex oxides were measured from 300 to 1073 K. The results showed that all the sampies were p-type semiconductors. The electrical conductivity increased with the increase in temperature. Er substitutions at Ca site affected carrier concentrations and carder mobility, resulting an increase in Seebeck coefficient and decrease in electrical conductivity. The power factor of Ca2.85Er0.15Co2O6 reached 10.66 μw/mK^2 at 1073 K.     

电积铜用惰性Pb基合金阳极的工业试验

将传统的Pb -Sb合金阳极同新型变质Pb Ca及变质Pb Ca Sn合金阳极进行工业化对比试验 ,并对 3种合金材料进行了显微组织分析。试验结果表明 ,变质Pb Ca Sn合金阳极在电积铜工艺条件下长期服役的稳定性较好 ,综合性能优于变质Pb Ca合金和Pb Sb合金阳极     

Effect of antimony on the creep fracture of stainless steel

Stainless steel samples doped with various contents of Sb were crept under the same conditions. With respect to the base material, a low content of Sb (0.1 wt pct or 0.2 wt pct) is found to improve creep strength and creep ductility of the alloys whereas the addition of 1 wt pct Sb decreases the mechanical properties. The microstructure of the samples was examined quantitatively by scanning electron microscopy. The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to a reduction of the nucleation rate and of the growth rate of cavities. In order to predict the strain to fracture, a criterion on the fraction of grain boundary area cavitated is proposed.