磁控电渣对1 t ESR锭GCr15轴承钢凝固组织及成分偏析的影响

对GCr15轴承钢在电渣过程中施加电磁搅拌,分析电磁搅拌对电渣铸锭凝固组织和化学成分的影响。结果表明,电磁搅拌可以显著改善电渣铸锭凝固过程传热条件,减少GCr15电渣锭网状碳化物的形成。同时,由于电磁搅拌的作用,电渣锭的C、Cr等主要元素成分偏析指数稳定控制在1.03以下。当搅拌电流为50 A至200 A,频率为6Hz时,电渣锭中心无网状碳化物形成,碳偏析指数为1.02。     

磁场搅拌方式对Sn-11％Sb合金凝固组织与偏析的影响

中心偏析是钢连铸坯的常见缺陷,严重影响了产品的质量。电磁搅拌是对金属凝固过程进行控制、改善连铸坯质量的有效手段,旋转磁场电磁搅拌在钢的连铸过程中已得到广泛的应用,但螺旋磁场电磁搅拌的研究鲜见报道。以低熔点合金模拟钢的凝固过程,对采用不同电磁搅拌方式改善中心偏析缺陷的效果进行了模拟对比试验。研究了螺旋磁场电磁搅拌和旋转磁场电磁搅拌对Sn-11%Sb二元合金凝固组织的影响,并与常规条件下的凝固组织进行对比。试验结果表明,在相同电磁搅拌参数下,螺旋磁场电磁搅拌比旋转磁场电磁搅拌更能减小铸锭上下部成分之间的差异,细化晶粒,更好地促进铸锭成分均匀化效果。     

电渣重熔精炼过程数值模拟研究进展

电渣重熔技术在高品质特殊钢的生产中占据重要地位.由于电渣重熔过程的复杂性以及现场测量条件的限制,数值模拟已成为解析其过程现象和机制的必要手段.主要综述了电渣重熔过程数值模拟的研究进展,包括电磁场、流场、传热、凝固、宏观偏析、精炼反应和夹杂物去除等,还涉及到了导电结晶器、旋转电极、加压电渣重熔、电渣接续制备双合金和电渣重...     

电渣重熔精炼过程数值模拟研究进展

电渣重熔技术在高品质特殊钢的生产中占据重要地位。由于电渣重熔过程的复杂性以及现场测量条件的限制,数值模拟已成为解析其过程现象和机制的必要手段。主要综述了电渣重熔过程数值模拟的研究进展,包括电磁场、流场、传热、凝固、宏观偏析、精炼反应和夹杂物去除等,还涉及到了导电结晶器、旋转电极、加压电渣重熔、电渣接续制备双合金和电渣重熔回收不合格电解金属锰等电渣冶金新技术的数值模拟研究。利用数值模拟可以准确掌握重熔过程中多物理场的耦合作用规律,进而预测电渣锭成分分布,优化电渣锭质量,推动电渣冶金技术的发展。     

电磁搅拌对GH4169合金1 t电渣锭凝固组织的影响

研究了 1 t电渣锭重熔过程未加电磁搅拌和6 Hz,50 - 200 A电磁搅拌对GH4169合金(/% ：0.04C, 0.21Si,0.05Mn,52. 85Ni,19. 8OCr,5.20Nb,3.05Mo,0.55A1,1.02Ti)凝固组织的影响。结果表明,电磁搅拌可以显 著细化合金晶粒,增大等轴晶比率,降低二次枝晶间距;但当搅拌电流N100 A时,电渣锭的共晶组织增多,降低了 电渣锭的塑性;当电流为50 A,频率为6 Hz时,等轴晶比例最高,二次枝晶间距最小,电渣锭中心位置Laves相含量 最低,合金中共晶组织最少,合金塑性最好。     

电磁电渣对GCr15轴承钢铸锭质量的影响

研究了传统电渣和电磁电渣对GCr15轴承钢成分偏析及凝固组织的影响,同时分析了不同电渣工艺对铸锭凝固过程传热的影响。电磁电渣工艺条件下,当搅拌电流强度为150 A、频率为6 Hz时,铸锭碳偏析指数为0.98～1.02;铸锭心部珠光体片层间距为213.6 nm,靠近铸锭心部位置过冷度为37.54℃。研究结果表明:电磁电渣可有效减轻GCr15铸锭的宏观偏析,改善钢锭凝固组织和传热条件,渣—金反应加强,钢液纯净度进一步提高。     

电渣重熔高温合金凝固组织控制的研究进展

对近年来电渣重熔高温合金凝固组织控制的研究进展情况做了总结和归纳,包括重熔精炼过程、凝固过程、数值模拟研究的进展情况,以及近年来发展起来的控制熔池形状的新工艺新技术,如双电流回路电渣重熔技术、电渣重熔连续定向凝固技术等。     

小方坯凝固末端电磁搅拌的磁场数值模拟

 利用ANSYS软件对160 mm×160 mm小方坯凝固末端电磁搅拌器所产生的电磁场分布进行了模拟。计算了小方坯内部磁场分布情况,同时计算出在不同搅拌电流条件下的铸坯凝固末端凝固前沿钢液液芯所受的电磁力与钢液的转速。结果表明,铸坯凝固前沿磁感应强度、电磁力及钢液转速均随着搅拌电流的增加而增大。结合实际生产情况,确定凝固末端液芯半径为175 mm,电磁搅拌频率为6 Hz时,最佳搅拌电流为400 A,此状态下凝固前沿由电磁力引起的钢液最大转速为12 r/s。     

工艺参数对电渣重熔空心钢锭凝固过程影响的数值模拟

凝固过程的控制对于保证和提高钢锭的质量十分重要,电渣重熔空心钢锭过程的凝固控制主要是对电渣重熔过程中金属熔池形状和深度进行控制,尤其以熔池深度作为凝固控制的主要参数.本文基于ANSYS和CFX软件对电渣重熔空心钢锭的凝固过程进行数值模拟研究,通过改变渣池深度、电极插入深度、电极布置方式来比较不同工艺参数对电渣重熔空心钢锭金属熔池形状的影响.模拟结果表明,在相同输入功率下,随着渣池深度的增加,金属熔池逐渐变浅;随电极插入深度的加深,金属熔池逐渐变深;十电极布置方式比八电极布置的金属熔池深,但渣/金界面的温度变化相对较小.     

电渣重熔板锭过程中温度场的动态模拟

根据钢的电渣重熔过程的特点,建立了板锭电渣重熔的非稳态模型,以模拟在不同重熔速度下板锭重熔过程的温度场和分析影响金属熔池深度的因素。模拟结果表明:横截面尺寸400 mm ×2000 mm,20 t板锭重熔过程中,当重熔速度3～5 mm/min时,重熔速度越大,熔池深度越深;当重熔锭的高度达到铸锭厚度的2倍左右时,系统处于准稳定状态,熔池深度不再变化。     

Study on Factors Affecting the Structure of High SpeedSteel Ingot Produced by ESR

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电渣重熔钢锭凝固过程数学模拟软件

建立了钢锭凝固过程数学模型,采用控制容积积分法离散模型方程,利用附加源项法解决冷却边界的计算,用Visual Basic语言编制了计算程序和界面.模拟分析了45号碳素结构钢的电渣重熔钢锭凝固过程.模拟结果与实验结果较吻合,这表明该软件可用于实际电渣熔铸生产过程中钢锭的凝固实时分析及控制.     

Mathematical Model for Electroslag Remelting Process

 A mathematical model, including electromagnetic field equation, fluid flow equation, and temperature field equation, was established for the simulation of the electroslag remelting process. The distribution of temperature field was obtained by solving this model. The relationship between the local solidification time and the interdendritic spacing during the ingot solidification process was established, which has been regarded as a criterion for the evaluation of the quality of crystallization. For a crucible of 950 mm in diameter, the local solidification time is more than 1 h at the center of the ingot with the longest interdendritic spacing, whereas it is the shortest at the edge of the ingot according to the calculated results. The model can be used to understand the ESR process and to predict the ingot quality.     

Effects of relative motion between consumable electrodes and mould on solidification structure of electroslag ingots during electroslag remelting process

Abstract

Steel solidification process control, especially in the solidification process of high alloy steel, and improvement of the solidification structure have been increasingly gaining interest among metallurgists, particularly the electroslag workers. To further develop the electroslag remelting (ESR) process and to improve the advantage of the ingot solidification structure, the effects of relative motion between the consumable electrodes and the mould (namely, mould rotation) on chemical element distribution were observed in this study, as well as the compact density changes in electroslag ingots. Experiment results show that applying relative motion between the mould and the consumable electrodes in ESR results in a more uniform chemical element distribution in the electroslag ingots. Compared with the electroslag ingot of conventional ESR, maximum segregation of carbon could decrease from 3·19 to 1·146, and statistical segregation decreased from 0·2636 to 0·0608. Maximum segregation of chromium could decrease from 1·316 to 1·253, and statistical segregation decreased from 0·2753 to 0·1201. The compact density for the stationary mould increased from 0·7693 to a compact density of 0·9501 for the rotating mould. The improvement in the solidification structure of the electroslag ingot can be attributed to mould motion, which led to the generation of a shallow pool and the improvement of the solidification structure. But the excessive rotation rate is harmful to solidification structure instead due to the molten metal pool motion caused by violent slag pool motion.     

1.9 t扁锭浇铸D2冷作模具钢凝固过程及内部缺陷预报数学模拟

采用三维铸造软件Procast模拟了钢厂1.9 t扁D2钢锭(%:1.40～1.60C、11.00～13.00Cr、0.70～1.20Mo、≤1.10V)浇铸和凝固过程。模拟结果表明,1.9 t模具扁钢的本体凝固时间为64 min,完全凝固时间为83min,与经验公式的计算结果相吻合;钢锭柱状晶厚度为150 mm左右,等轴晶宽度为260 mm左右;1.9 t扁锭内部无缩孔产生、疏松轻微。     

渐变式电压、电流电渣重熔工艺分析

为了研究渐变式电压、电流电渣重熔工艺对铸锭组织性能的影响,以45号钢为试验原料,采用低倍腐蚀、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉伸力学试验等手段,对比了传统电渣工艺与参数渐变工艺对铸锭凝固组织及性能的差异。结果发现,重熔阶段先逐步降低过程电压,待电压降到一定值后,再逐步降低电流,直至结束熔炼,可以减小铸锭柱状晶组织与铸锭轴线的夹角,使铸锭组织倾向于定向凝固,提高铸锭轴线方向的抗拉强度。此外,通过该工艺获得的凝固组织中铁素体量降低,珠光体中层片结构得到明显细化。     

The Cellular Automata Model of Electroslag Remelting Ingot Structure

Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an advanced process for the production of high quality steels. The microstructure of remelted steel which affect the mechanical properties and the performance of the ingot was determined by the technological parameters. A two-dimensional axisymmetric geometry which was established in this paper was divided into macro-grid finite element in order to compute temperature field; then the grid was divided into more detailed and uniform cells, and at last the continuous nucleation model based on the Gaussian distribution and KGT growth model was established for nucleation and growth calculations using cellular automaton method (CA) on the solidification of molten steel. The results show that: a vertical columnar grain zone and a inverted V-shaped columnar crystal zone appeared in the ESR ingot. In addition, the temperature field with different electrode melting rate and slag pool temperature parameters and the microstructure with different average nucleation under cooling and maximum grain density were studied in this paper. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results, so it is proved that the model and calculation method is reliable. To produce ideal solidified ingot and achieve the purpose of optimizing the production process, the production process was adjusted according to the simulation results.