杜美丝发霉、发黑机理的探讨

杜美丝用于灯泡、电子管等的芯柱与软性玻璃密封,起导电作用。杜美丝的表面处理通常涂敷四硼酸盐涂层,以便与玻璃封接时有良好的浸润性能。杜美丝的主要质量问题有发霉;发黑;气泡。前几年,由于对杜美丝发霉,发黑的机理,没有正确的认识,所以,在生产工艺上,不能抓到本质问题,虽然也采取许多措施,但效果甚微。     

杜美丝电镀工艺

研究了杜美丝的特性和电镀工艺参数及其相互关系，结果表明：玻璃与杜美丝之间良好的气密性封接决定于杜美彘中铁镍合金芯线与外覆铜层间的交界面结合程及铜层的微观结构与化学成份。     

曙光电子集团钨钼加工项目落户湖南炎陵县

据报道，12月17日，湖南炎陵县与曙光电子集团就钨钼加工项目落户九龙工业园正式签约。曙光电子集团是湖南省最大的电真空材料、电子产品生产企业，钨钼加工项目投资8500万元，主要生产钨丝、钼丝、杜美丝。全部达产后年产值约1亿元，年纳税约500万元。     

杜美丝芯材4J43合金生产工艺初探

介绍了杜美丝芯材合金 4J4 3的主要性能 ,并根据生产实践 ,提出了该合金熔炼、热加工、拉丝等过程中的主要工艺措施 ,实现了 4J4 3合金的批量生产     

铁镍合金含气成分的质谱分析

本文着重研究了铁镍合金的吸气性能对杜美丝产品质量的重要影响。四极分析器分析的结果表明:铁镍合金的吸气性能与它的结晶结构与热处理过程中使用的保护气体有关。本文还讨论了合金的吸气机理,提出了原材料选优和改进热处理的新途径。     

用电化学表面处理方法制备高强度SiC纤维

采用电化学方法表面处理用ＣＶＤ法制备的高强度ＳｉＯ纤维。研究了ＳｉＣ纤维的阳极极化曲线,提出了新的阳极反应机制。吸附在阳极表面的ＯＨ＾－离子通过前置反应生成中间产物Ｏ＾－,这个中间产物破坏Ｃ原子与Ｓｉ之间的化学键,形成Ｓｉ－Ｏ键后再相互连接构成表面膜。如果反应时间过长,则一些表面的Ｓｉ原子与基体上的碳原子Ｃｂ之间的化学键会被破坏,表面层会因膨胀而脱落。     

制备工艺参数对Cu表面Cu/Si梯度层断面显微组织的影响

以Cu为基体,利用KCl-NaCl-NaF-SiO2熔盐体系电沉积出的硅作为渗硅硅源,电沉积硅和在Cu基体上渗硅同时进行,制备了Cu/Si梯度层。本工作就制备工艺参数对梯度层断面显微组织的影响进行了研究,结果表明:Cu/Si的梯度层断面由不同显微组织的表面层、中间层和过渡层构成,表面层是等轴晶组织,中间层是柱状晶组织;梯度层厚度随电沉积渗硅温度的升高、电沉积时间的延长而增厚,并且表面层晶粒、中间层晶粒均得到细化;电沉积时间延长,表面层厚度逐渐增大,中间层厚度逐渐减小;梯度层中,表面层金相相组织由(Cu)相、К相、γ相、η相和ε相中的一相或两相构成;中间层完全是(Cu)相。     

PZT／Si薄膜的扩散反应研究

运用ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ研究了ＰＺＴ膜／Ｓｉ在热处理过程中的薄膜及界面化学反应；在热处理过程中，气氛中的气通过ＰＺＴ的缺陷通道扩散到ＰＺＴ／Ｓｉ同旧，并与界面上的硅发生氧化反应形成ＳｉＯ２界面层。同时基底上的硅通过ＰＺＴ的缺陷扩散么样品表面形成ＳｉＯ２表面层。此外，在ＰＺＴ／Ｓｉ界面上，Ｔｉ的氧化物和Ｓｉ发生还原反应，形成了ＴｉＳｉｘ金属硅化物，并残留在ＰＺＴ膜层和和ＳｉＯ２界面层中。在ＰＺＴ膜层内，有     

薄的深色表面层金相试样的制备方法

针对薄的深色表面层金相试样常规方法难以制备的情况,介绍了两种适用于该类表面层保护的金相试样制备方法,其中方法一是将两个相同试样的表面层相对贴合,方法二是将一薄铜片与表面层紧密贴合;然后将该两种方法的制样效果与常规制样方法的进行对比。结果表明:该两种方法均可以有效保护金相试样表面层,而且便于表面层显微形貌的观察和厚度测量。     

CVDBN陶瓷与金属接合机理研究

利用ＳＥＭ／ＥＤＸ、ＸＰＳ及Ｘ射线粉末衍射手段，对ＣＶＤＢＮ陶瓷与金属（无氧铜、钛）的接全机进行了分析，并用反应自由焓函数法对ＣＶＤＢＮ陶瓷与金属的界面反应作了热力学计算。结论认为ＣＶＤＢＮ陶瓷对无氧铜、钛的气密接合主要依靠活性焊料与ＣＶＤＢＮ陶瓷表面层间的相互扩散及反应。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.