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ZnO纳米线的制备及其光学性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用物理热蒸发ZnS粉的方法,制备出了大规模的线状和棒状ZnO纳米结构.借助扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、激光拉曼光谱仪以及荧光光谱仪研究了ZnO纳米线的表面形貌、内部结构及其光学性能.结果表明,所得到的ZnO纳米线是六方的单晶结构,而且具有较好的发光性能和良好的结晶性.纳米线长约2~5μm,直径约60nm,其生长机制为气-固(VS)机制. 相似文献
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为了提高ZnO纳米线的酒敏特性,利用紫光激发经浸渍法获得Ag修饰的ZnO纳米线.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD)对修饰后的ZnO纳米线进行了晶体结构和形貌的表征.结果表明其晶体结构中既有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO,又有面心立方的Ag.三维网络结构的ZnO纳米线的表面被一层致密的具有高孔隙率的Ag颗粒覆盖,使得ZnO纳米线具有更高的比表面积.纯ZnO纳米线和Ag修饰的ZnO纳米线都用作气敏基料,根据它们在酒精蒸气中紫光照射和无紫光照射条件下电阻的变化来测定它们的气敏特性.结果显示紫光照射下经质量分数为6%AgNO3修饰的ZnO纳米线对酒精蒸气的最大灵敏度由75.8提高到175.77.此过程中光催化氧化-还原反应起到了重要作用. 相似文献
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在扫描电镜中,采用纳米微操纵仪构成一个2探针电流-电压(I-V)测试装置.测试了单根ZnO纳米线接触钨电极构成的金属-半导体-金属(M-S-M)结的I-V特征曲线.ZnO纳米线的I-V曲线呈现出较弱的肖特基特性.研究了电子束辐照对ZnO纳米线的I-V曲线的影响.30 keV电子束辐照使ZnO纳米线的总电阻减小.计算得到ZnO纳米线的电导率σ=0.24 S/cm,载流子浓度n=1.64×1016 cm-3.为了对比,还测试了单根碳纤维接触钨电极的I-V特征曲线.在30 keV电子束辐照下,碳纤维的总电阻保持不变,电导率σ=22 S/cm. 相似文献
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Digital shearography is a coherent optical method used in conjunction with digital image processing. It allows the shearogram, which depicts directly displacement derivatives, in real time to be observed and to be evaluated numerically. Strains are functions of the displacement derivatives. Thus, the shearogram contains the strain information, but usually it includes both the in‐plane strain, e.g. ?u/?x, and the out‐of‐plane component, e.g. ?w/?x. In order to get the pure in‐plane strain as well as the pure out‐of‐plane component, two linearly independent directions of illumination (usually the same but mutual and sequential illuminations) are introduced in the measuring device. The shearograms for each illuminating direction are evaluated by applying the phase shifting technique. The result by subtracting the phase maps of the two shearograms yields a new fringe pattern depicting the pure in‐plane strain component and the result by adding the phase maps corresponds to the pure out‐of‐plane component. The theory and an application to non‐destructive tensile testing are demonstrated in this paper. Its applications for determining the strain distribution of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous material and an error analysis are presented. 相似文献
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拉伸应变硬化指数的测试及方法比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对IS010275:2007及GB/T5028-2008中对于材料在拉伸时呈现锯齿屈服效应曲线如何计算拉伸应变硬化指数n值的问题,就未呈现锯齿屈服效应的曲线和呈现锯齿屈服效应的曲线,采用国际线性回归法计算行nline ,并用Zwick试验机采用回归法测试行ntest 以及用差分平均法测试nsingle,同时对三种测试方法进行比较。结果表明:对于不呈现锯齿屈服效应的曲线,可以同时采用上述三种方法;而对于呈现锯齿屈服效应的曲线,不能采用差分平均法测试nsingle,只能采用国际线性回归法计算nline 以及采用Zwick试验机用回归法测试nrest。且对于呈现锯齿屈服效应的曲线测试nline和ntest,回归区间不宜太小。 相似文献
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Minoru Kunieda Hiroki Ogura Naoshi Ueda Hikaru Nakamura 《Cement and Concrete Composites》2011,33(9):956-965
There are a wide variety of short fiber reinforced cement composites. Among these materials are Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCC) that exhibit strain hardening and multiple cracking in tension. Quantitative material design methods considering the properties of matrix, fiber and their interface should be established. In addition, numerical models to simulate the fracture process including crack width and crack distribution for the material are needed.This paper introduces a numerical model for three-dimensional analysis of SHCC fracture, in which the salient features of the material meso-scale (i.e. matrix, fibers and their interface) are discretized. The fibers are randomly arranged within the specimen models. Load test simulations are conducted and compared with experimental results. It is seen that the proposed model can well simulate the tensile failure of Ultra High Performance-Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (UHP-SHCC) including strain-hardening behavior and crack patterns. The effects of matrix strength, its probability distribution inside the specimen and fiber distribution on the tensile fracture are numerically investigated. Consideration of the probability distributions of material properties, such as matrix strength, appears to be essential for predicting the fracture process of SHCC. 相似文献
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《Nanotechnology, IEEE Transactions on》2009,8(6):678-683
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Vertically oriented well-aligned Indium doped ZnO nanowires (NWs) have been successfully synthesized on Au-coated Zn substrate by controlled thermal evaporation. The effect of indium dopant on the optical and field-emission properties of these well-aligned ZnO NWs is investigated. The doped NWs are found to be single crystals grown along the c-axis. The composition of the doped NWs is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photospectroscopy (XPS). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of doped NWs having a blue-shift in the UV region show a prominent tuning in the optical band gap, without any significant peak relating to intrinsic defects. The turn-on field of the field emission is found to be ~2.4 V μm(-1) and an emission current density of 1.13 mA cm(-2) under the field of 5.9 V μm(-1). The field enhancement factor β is estimated to be 9490 ± 2, which is much higher than that of any previous report. Furthermore, the doped NWs exhibit good emission current stability with a variation of less than 5% during a 200 s under a field of 5.9 V μm(-1). The superior field emission properties are attributed to the good alignment, high aspect ratio, and better crystallinity of In-doped NWs. 相似文献
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《理化检验(物理分册)》2016,(2)
以不同状态的20钢国产新管和断裂管为研究对象,采用连续球压痕与常规拉伸试验相对比的方法,对不同状态钢管的屈服强度和抗拉强度进行了测试。结果表明:连续球压痕法能够准确反映应变时效前后20钢管的力学性能变化,可以对不同状态的20钢管的力学性能进行无损测试。 相似文献
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Co doped ZnO nanowires with different Co contents have been fabricated by a chemical vapor deposition method. X-ray diffraction results show that all the samples are of single phase and crystallize in wurtzite ZnO structure. The lattice parameter a increases with increasing Co content, while the parameter c has no obvious change with increasing Co. Raman spectra show that the nonpolar E2(High) mode becomes broad and weak with the doping of Co, which indicates that the incorporation of Co causes structural disorder in the crystalline columnar ZnO lattice. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit that the position of the ultraviolet emission shifts to short wavelength and the intensity decreases with increasing Co. The green emission is affected by two contrary factors. It is increased by the introduced defects, but suppressed by the interaction between Co doping and native defects and the later affects it more significantly. 相似文献
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以采用物理热蒸发法制备的纯ZnO纳米线和掺杂Ni、Al的ZnO纳米线为气敏基料,以蒸馏水调和制备成旁热式气敏元件,用静态配气法对一系列浓度的一氧化碳气体进行了气敏性能的测试。结果表明掺杂的纳米ZnO元件与纯的纳米ZnO元件相比对CO气体的灵敏度更高,三种元件的灵敏度与所测气体浓度均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,且在同一浓度下出现最高值。 相似文献
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在MTS809材料试验机和自行研制的旋转盘式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸试验机上,对聚碳酸酯板材进行了准静态0.001s-1、0.01s-1、0.1s-1和高应变率400s-1、800s-1、1700s-1加载条件下的单向拉伸试验,得到了不同应变率下聚碳酸酯板材的拉伸工程应力-工程应变曲线。试验结果表明:聚碳酸酯的拉伸力学行为呈现明显的非线性变形特征;在文中实施的0.001s-1~1700s-1应变率加载范围内,聚碳酸酯拉伸力学性能具有明显的应变率相关性,其屈服应力和与屈服应力相对应的失稳应变均随应变率的增加有显著的增大。 相似文献
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