滇西秋植甘蔗高产综合模式技术开发研究

在云南旱地上,改传统春植为秋植,在秋植规范栽培技术下,对秋植甘蔗下种量、行距、施氮、施磷、施钾五个重要因素采用二次通用旋转组合设计试验。建立秋植甘蔗栽培数学模型,根据试验示范蔗区不同生产条件,筛选出公顷单产８２．５～９０ｔ、９０～９７．５ｔ、９７．５～１０５ｔ三个产量层次的模式技术供生产示范推广。     

CP65—357适宜下种量和施肥量的初步研究

应用多点联合正交设计,研究了湖南蔗区ＣＰ６５－３６７的适宜下种量和Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ施用量,结果表明,下种量和施氮量分别是影响甘蔗产量一含糖量的主要和次要因素。增施磷、钾肥效应不明显。文中对有关的试验结果作了单独的和综合的分析,并对较好的因素水平取值范围提出建议。     

化学肥料对蔗地土壤肥力的影响

试验结果表明:化肥氮、磷、钾配施能明显增加甘蔗的产量,较对照处理(N区)增产原料蔗337—1214kg/亩·年,增3.77—13.60%,总施肥量与原料蔗产量的回归方程为(?)=8.065(T)+0.01674x(n=7),r=0.782>r_(0.50)=0.707;配施磷、钾肥能提高土壤中的磷、钾含量;施磷量与土壤中有效磷含量的相关系数为r=0.743(n=8)>r_(0.05)=0.666;施钾量与土壤中有效钾含量的相关系数为r=0.862(n=8)>r_(0.01)=0.798;施肥量越多,肥分损失越大;化肥对土壤的物理性状无明显影响。     

粤糖00-236和ROC10适宜植期、下种量与施肥量研究

在湛江蔗区,对甘蔗新品种粤糖00-236和当地主栽培品种ROC10进行不同植期、不同下种量及不同施肥水平的试验.结果表明,提早植期和增施磷肥有显著的增产增糖效果.粤糖00-236的平均蔗茎产量与ROC10相近,但其公顷含糖量极显著高于后者.粤糖00-236特早熟高糖,适合糖厂早期开榨.在本试验条件下,公顷下种量45000段与37500段双芽苗之间、公顷尿素施用量1050kg与750kg之间,以及公顷氯化钾施用量600kg与450kg,蔗茎产量和含糖量均无显著差异.     

甘蔗新品种粤糖00-236配套栽培技术研究

本研究采用正交试验探讨合理的氮、磷、钾施用量和播种量.在地膜覆盖和土壤水分适宜的条件下,以水平组合处理7(尿素600 kg/hm2、普钙2250 kg/hm2、氯化钾450 kg/hm2、下种量45000双芽/hm2)和处理1(尿素1050 kg/hm2、普钙2250 kg/hm2、氯化钾600 kg/hm2、下种量45000双芽/hm2)栽培粤糖00-2 36品种最优,达到显著增产、增糖、增收的效果.增施(1 500 kg/hm2增至2250 kg/hm2)磷肥,有极显著的增产增糖效果,对植株生长高度亦有显著的提高.下种量的增加(37500双芽/hm2增至45000双芽/hm2)蔗茎产量和有效茎数有显著的增加,并对植株生长高度有增加和对蔗茎粗度有影响减小的趋势.增施尿素(600 kg/hm2增至1050 kg/hm2)和增施钾(450 kg/hm2增至600 kg/hm2)肥,未见有明显的影响.     

旱地春植蔗主要栽培因素分析及应用

通过对云南蔗区自然气候条件的分析，形成旱地甘蔗丰产综合技术，在此基础上，对影响甘蔗生长的下种量、行距、施肥量采用5元2次正交旋转通用组合设计进行试验研究，分析重要可变量技术措施对甘蔗产量和生长的影响，进一步形成适宜各地推广的综合栽培模式进行应用。     

叶绿素仪(CL01)在甘蔗氮营养诊断中的初步应用研究

测定叶片氮素含量是甘蔗氮素营养诊断的一项重要方法。本研究利用桶栽试验,通过设置不同的供氮水平,研究了叶绿素仪用于甘蔗氮素营养快速诊断的适用性。结果表明:甘蔗叶片SPAD值、叶片氮含量及蔗茎产量在一定范围内随施氮量的增加而稳定增加;当施氮量超过一定水平后,随着施氮量的增加,甘蔗叶片的SPAD值、叶片氮含量和蔗茎产量的增幅趋缓,甚至下降;叶片SPAD值在不同甘蔗品种间具有差异。结果还表明:甘蔗叶片的SPAD值与叶片含氮量、蔗茎产量呈显著正相关,可在一定程度上预测甘蔗氮素丰缺,并用于指导甘蔗施氮。     

翁源蔗区甘蔗施肥量、斩种方式和下种量试验

采用正交试验探讨合理的氮、磷,钾施用量、下种量和不同斩种方式。在地膜覆盖和土壤水分适宜的条件下,双芽苗的萌芽率显著优于半茎苗。本试验条件下,在施1500kg／hm^2过磷酸钙的基础上,增施磷肥有显著的增产效果。在施750kg／hm^2尿素和450kg／hm^2氯化钾的基础上,增施氮和钾虽有增产趋势,但未达显著水平。本试验甘蔗生长中后期遭受严重干旱,可能较大程度上影响到追施的氮肥和钾肥的肥效。     

甘蔗种植密度与施氮水平的研究

Pantnagar,Nainital 的 GovindBallabh Pant 农业技术大学的作物研究中心,在1975—1976年进行大田试验中找出甘蔗需氨量与植株群体之间的关系。甘蔗的种植密度在60厘米行距较密的情况下比种植密度在90厘米行距较疏的情况下需要更多的氮。行距为60厘米的甘蔗种植规格每公顷施75公斤氮,比不施氮和施37.5公斤氮分别每公顷蔗茎产量增加16.82吨和9.66吨。而在90厘米行距中每公顷仅分别增加8.95和6.22吨。1976年在60厘米行距情况下,每公顷150公斤施氮水平比75公斤施氮水平的蔗茎产量每公顷增加4.38吨,而在90厘米行距情况下,其产量的增加却是微不足道的(1.38吨/公顷)。     

滇西南蔗区农业地质背影与合理施肥

滇西南赤红壤，砖红壤蔗区农业地质背影诸因素中，甘蔗所需的营养元素磷，硅，硫缺乏面广，少钾，氮不足，铜，锰含量丰富，硼，钼一般不缺，锌含量中等偏低，增施磷，钾，硅，硫，锌均有不同的增产效果，磷〉钾〉硅〉硫和锌。     

Effect of Nutrient Supply on the Quality of Linseed and Hempseed

Abstract

Studies on the effect of nutrient supplies on the seed quality of linseed and hemp are important both for improvements in the fertilizer extension service and for the consumer sector. The results of experiments set up on chernozem soil with 64 fertilizer treatments provided information on the relationship between nutrient supplies and seed quality. The data indicated that excessive N supplies reduced the oil content of linseed. The seed protein content increased as the N supplies improved. The P supplies had little influence on the oil and protein contents. The fatty acid composition of linseed was influenced to a greater extent by the year than by the nutrient supplies. The N supplies only caused a change in the amino acid composition of linseed when there was a substantial increase in the protein content. The effect of P supplies on the amino acid composition depended on the year. N and P fertilization had no effect on the oil content of hempseeds. Better N supplies increased the protein content and the total quantity of amino acids, but had no influence on the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids. The fatty acid composition of hempseed was not affected by the N and P supplies.     

几种早实核桃坚果中蛋白质、脂肪酸组成成分分析

测定结果表明，早实核桃坚果中蛋白质价与实生核桃相比没有明显区别，但蛋白质总含量高于实生核桃；早实核桃坚果中不饱和脂肪酸特别是亚油酸的含量明显高于实生核桃。     

离子交换法制备酪蛋白磷酸肽

分别用阴离子树脂和阳离子树脂对酪蛋白磷酸肽（CaseinPhosphopeptide,简称CPP）初级品N/P(摩尔比r为7.52)进行纯化.采用阴离子树脂纯化CPP的回收率为P98.71％;N82.78％;高纯度CPP产品的r(N/P)为5.44.对阳离子树脂纯化CPP做了初步探讨,研究了不同pH对纯化效果的影响.在pH5.0的最优条件下,回收率P为81.85％,N为53.80％,r(N/P)为4.67.与阴离子树脂纯化CPP的过程相比,用阳离子树脂纯化CPP时,树脂在使用前无需转型处理,洗脱条件简单,从而大大地缩短了操作时间,并且提高了产品的浓度.     

Cadmium concentration in durum wheat grain (Triticum turgidum) as influenced by nitrogen rate,seeding date and soil type

BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) is a trace element that has been associated with various human health problems. Cd enters plants, either by direct absorption through leaves or by uptake from soils, allowing Cd into the food chain. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is important in optimizing crop yield and protein content of durum wheat, but may influence Cd availability and hence Cd concentration in crops, with the effects being strongly influenced by environmental conditions and crop cultivar. RESULTS: In field studies, Cd and protein concentration in durum wheat grain differed between cultivars and were strongly affected by N application, with only minor effects of N occurring on concentration and uptake of P and Zn. Protein content increased significantly with N application in five of six site‐years, with the response being generally independent of cultivar and seeding data. Cd concentration also increased with N application in five of six seeding dates, with the response being greater in AC Melita than Arcola in three of the six site‐years. There were large differences in Cd concentration from year to year and with seeding date, indicating a strong environmental influence. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that different cultivars accumulate different levels of Cd in the grain and that seeding date and nitrogen fertilizer management can influence grain Cd concentration, with the magnitude of effects varying with environmental factors. In the future we may be able to manipulate management practices to optimize protein concentration and minimize Cd concentration in durum wheat, which could help to address the health and safety concerns of consumers. © Society of Chemical Industry and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada     

Measurement of milk color and composition: effect of dietary intervention on Western Australian Holstein-Friesian cow's milk quality

ABSTRACT:  Milk fat whiteness is the key to the uniqueness of Western Australian milk. Following a controlled feeding regime, milk was collected fortnightly for 6 mo from 2 treatment groups: dryland and irrigation. The results showed that it was possible to produce high-quality milk with whiter fat by a controlled feeding regime and diet while maintaining the health of Holstein-Friesian cows. The reflectance method using infinite optical thickness showed milk fat color differences due to feed could be measured. After 8 wk of the study, milk fat from the dryland treatment was significantly whiter ( P < 0.05) than the irrigation treatment with area under curve total reflectance of 902.8 and 838.3, respectively. The official Japanese industry method, Agriculture and Livestock Industries Corp. (ALIC) butter tone, showed that from the 2nd to the 5th collections the color of milk fat from cows fed silage and grain (dryland treatment) was significantly whiter ( P < 0.01) with an average butter tone of 0.15 absorbance per gram compared to cows fed green pasture and grain (irrigation treatment) with a butter tone of 0.21 absorbance per gram. Protein and riboflavin levels also affect the whiteness of milk. The study followed the main feeding protocol of dryland dairies and suggests the majority of milk from Western Australia would receive a grade 1 classification, as dryland dairies dominate supply.     

多元长效油菜专用肥的适宜用量研究

采用两点大田试验研究多元长效油菜专用肥的施用对油菜生长、产量、养分吸收和肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,多元长效油菜专用肥的施用可明显促进油菜的生长发育,与不施肥处理相比,株高、茎粗、分枝数、SPAD值和单株干物质量均有显著提高,最大增幅分别为30.1%、72.7%、162.2%、31.0%和130.1%。菜籽产量与专用肥施用量呈线性加平台关系,合理施用专用肥显著增加菜籽产量。施肥影响菜籽产量的构成因素主要为分枝数和角果数的增加。多元长效油菜专用肥的施用显著提高油菜干物质量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收量,但随着施用量的增加,肥料利用率有逐渐降低的趋势。当施用量为1 125kg/hm2,两试验点N、P2O5和K2O的平均利用率分别为37.0%、33.5%和75.6%。根据试验结果推算出菜籽的目标产量为2 700～3 000kg/hm2时,多元长效油菜专用肥的适宜用量为1 200～1 275kg/hm2。     

宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄肥料配比效应研究

运用正交试验设计研究了宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄基地不同氮、磷、钾肥料配比对酿酒葡萄新梢长度、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,酿酒葡萄在不同生育期对N、P、K营养元素的需求有较大差别:6月份N1P3K2为最佳肥料配比组合,即施N 0.1 kg/株,施P2O5 0.3 kg/株,施K2O 0.2 kg/株;7月份N1P2K3为最佳组合;8月份N3P2K3为最佳组合。N2P3K1配比为高产施肥组合,而N3P3K3的肥料配比是获取高糖含量的最佳组合。三要素中钾的产量和品质效应最高,且对产量与品质的影响一致。     

脱水马铃薯粉对面包品质的影响

研究了不同添加量的脱水马铃薯粉对吐司方面包特性的影响,包括面包的松软度、弹性、体积以及产量等方面.结果表明,添加马铃薯粉对面包产量、柔软度以及体积具有比较明显的改善效果,但是对弹性效果不太明显;随着添加量的增加,各方面的改善效果程度减小,弹性指标甚至出现了减小.     

自交联性聚丙烯酸酯纸张增强剂的合成及应用研究

以丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,采用半连续滴加的乳液聚合方式制备了纳米级的具有自交联性的聚丙烯酸酯乳液增强剂,并讨论了引发剂用量、复合乳化剂用量、反应单体配比、交联单体用量等对聚丙烯酸酯乳液性能的影响.结果表明:该乳液具有良好的稳定性,乳液的粒子粒径分布从85.9nm到110nm,能与水以任意比例互溶;将其用于阔叶木硫酸盐浆抄纸试验,可有效改善纸张的抗张指数、耐破指数和撕裂指数.     

Elucidation of unit operations and energy consumption pattern in small scale cashew nut processing mills

The different unit operations involved in small scale cashew nut processing mill in the context of Konkan region of Maharashtra, India (70°17′ to 74°31′E Longitude 15°37′ to 20°20′N Latitude) was elucidated by conducting the randomized sample survey of registered 122 small scale cashew processing mills in the region. The survey covered the unit operations performed, level and pattern of energy consumption and technologies in use for cashew nut processing. The energy consumption and production of mills was analyzed to compute the disparities in energy consumption to produce the same quantity of similar product in term of installed capacity (P), Production (Pr), percent production capacity utilization (PPCU), energy (En) and energy intensity (EI).