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《上海纺织科技》2016,(11)
研究了超声波振动在传统非离子洗剂洗毛中的应用及对洗毛效果的影响。试验选用了3种不同纤维直径的超细羊毛,经不同频率的超声波振动和不经超声波振动的方式进行洗毛。通过质量损失率和残脂率来评估洗毛效果。采用扫描电镜观察纤维表面鳞片,并测试了洗净毛的强力和摩擦因数,来表征纤维的损伤程度。试验发现,超声波作用能够显著提高洗毛效果。同时,超声波频率为100 kHz时洗毛效果优于频率为45 kHz及80 kHz时的洗毛效果。超声波作用使纤维表面鳞片产生损伤,断裂强力降低,断裂伸长率增加。超声波频率为80 kHz时,对纤维断裂强力的影响小于频率为45 kHz及100 kHz时。超声波洗毛能够降低纤维逆、顺鳞片方向静动摩擦因数,使摩擦效应大大降低。 相似文献
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本文章节介绍了羊毛的品质与洗涤剂之间的关系,研究了原毛净洗剂与洗净毛的质量及后道加工工序的相关性;介绍了不同净洗剂的洗毛效果;应用不同的净洗剂均取得较好的洗毛效果。 相似文献
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洗净羊毛就是除去羊毛上的脂汗,皮屑和尘杂。原毛洗净与否对后序的加工工艺及产品质量均有直接的影响。 一、传统方法 洗毛方法若按所使用的介质来分一种是用水,另一种是用溶剂。多年来,大部分国家一直沿用前者即以水为介质进行洗毛。1899年比利时开始采用有机溶剂洗毛,但经萃取羊毛脂后,仍需通过洗机 相似文献
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采用响应面分析法选择洗涤时间、洗涤温度、浴比和酸性蛋白酶用量为自变量,洗净羽毛纤维的嗜温性需氧菌的含量为响应值进行快速优化超声波洗涤羽毛纤维的工艺条件。通过单因素试验、Box-Benhnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法研究各自变量及其交互作用对含菌量的影响,得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,并确定超声波洗涤羽毛纤维的最佳工艺条件为:双氧水5mL/L、pH值4.0~6.0、浴比1:40、洗毛时间20min、洗毛温度60℃、酸性蛋白酶用量3%(owf),按此最优工艺条件洗涤羽毛纤维后的含菌量为3.73×103cfu/g。多元回归分析结果显示,洗毛时间、洗毛温度、酸性蛋白酶用量、浴比与嗜温性需氧菌含量之间的回归模型高度显著,实验值与预测值基本相符。因此,响应面分析法优化超声波洗涤羽毛纤维的工艺是可行的。 相似文献
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洗毛是毛纺生产中对原毛的初步加工,洗净毛质量对后道加工有显著影响。将烷基糖苷(APG)与209洗剂复配后进行洗毛加工,分析了复配洗剂的浓度和复配比例对洗毛质量的影响,并进行正交实验直观分析和综合比较,得到复配洗剂的最佳复配比例和洗剂浓度。 相似文献
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This paper presents a new method of scouring wool in small batches using ultrasonic techniques. Alpaca wool because of the variety of colors and delicate structure requires scouring in small batches (sorted colors) and mild conditions. Scouring of alpaca wool in industrial washers used for sheep wool results in strong loop entanglement of wool and makes its further processing impossible. The study on parameters and conditions of the scouring of alpaca wool was carried out on a specially prepared scouring unit developed on the basis of ultrasonic cleaner. Ultrasonic scouring equipment used in the study prevented displacements of wool in the bathtubs and the reaction of metal on the fiber. As the changing conditions, i.e., the scouring parameters, such as the sample mass, scouring time, and detergent concentration affecting the quantity of removed impurities were considered. As a result, the study determined the optimal conditions of the scouring of alpaca wool. The use of ultrasound technology reduces water and detergents consumption and it shortens the time of scouring. The most important result is the obtaining of the scouring wool without damages and entanglements. 相似文献
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Conventional aqueous scouring of greasy wool promotes wool felting and can be energy and water intensive. Ultrasonic wool scouring could be an alternative technology to minimise the negative impact, provided that the cleaning efficiency and fibre quality are not compromised. This study examined the influence of ultrasonic irradiation frequency and ultrasonic power variations on wool scouring performance at different liquor ratios. Scoured fibre, residual ash content, residual grease content, whiteness and yellowness were evaluated. The impact of liquor degassing on wool scouring effectiveness was studied. Fibre surface damage was also assessed in this work. It was observed that while there was no significant influence of ultrasonic frequency on the whiteness or yellowness of the scoured fibres, wool scoured at frequencies of 28 kHz and 80 kHz had more grease and dirt removed than that scoured at 45 kHz. Low ultrasonic power and degassed bath liquor increased wool grease removal ability. Ultrasonic treatment caused scale cracking/peeling in some wool fibres. More severe cuticle damage was observed in fibres scoured at the lower frequency. This damage resulted in increased dye uptake by the fibres. 相似文献
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Ultrasonics has shown the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of textile processing. This work investigates the impact of ultrasonic scouring on fibre entanglement caused during the scouring process. Levels of fibre entanglement were quantified by measuring fibre length using OFDA4000 after carding. A significant reduction in fibre entanglement after ultrasonic scouring was observed and this was due to a reduced fibre migration in the wash bath when compared with the mechanical agitation seen in conventional scouring process. Fibre cuticle scale damage resulting from the ultrasonic irradiation may also have contributed to the reduction in fibre entanglement. A reduced level of fibre entanglement from ultrasonic wool scouring leads to a reduction in fibre breakage during carding. 相似文献
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羊汗可以洗毛,如果羊汗能得到充分利用,就可以改变传统的洗毛方法,节约洗剂、助剂及大量用水,降低能源消耗。洗毛效果与羊汗浓度密切相关,通过羊汗浓度与电导率之间关系的分析,提出了羊汗深度的快速测定方法;并对羊汗洗毛的可行性进行了探讨,认为只要解决了污水处理问题,使羊汗浓度不断增加,羊汗洗毛就将成为可能。 相似文献
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从毛条制造过程中的洗毛、和毛、梳毛和精梳等各道工序的设备、工艺和管理方面探索去除草屑、提高毛条质量的有效途径.文章分析了造成毛条成品含草超标的原因,着重介绍了针对这些原因为提高毛条质量所采取的措施. 相似文献