二次烧结气氛对La0.7Sr0.3MnO3氧还原催化活性的影响

采用溶胶一凝胶法结合二次高温烧结技术,制备了锰系钙钛矿催化剂.利用XRD和EDS对催化剂的物相与元素组成进行了分析,并利用电化学分析方法研究了催化剂的氧还原催化性能.XRD与EDS结果表明,N2气氛二次烧结不改变La0.7Sr0.3-MnO3物相组成,但NH3气氛二次烧结会造成Lao.7 Sr0.3MnO3分解.电化学结果表明,N2气氛二次烧结催化剂的氧还原催化活性高于NH3气氛二次烧结催化剂,其氧还原起始电势与极限电流分别为0.028 V(vs.Hg/HgO)和2.181 mA.cm-2(2 000 r/min).     

不同厚度的La2/3Sr1/3MnO3多晶薄膜输运性质研究

运用磁控溅射的方法,在表面氧化的Si(100)基片上制备了一系列不同厚度的La2/3Sri/3MnO3多晶薄膜.根据对输运的研究,发现存在一个厚度73nm,当t＞73nm的时候,薄膜呈现出与块材类似的输运特点,而当t＜73nm的时候,薄膜的电阻太大以至于薄膜的金属-绝缘体转变温度(Tp)变得不可测量.X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示:在t=73nm附近存在一个结构的转变.这表明La2/3Sr1/3MnO3不同厚度多晶薄膜的输运性质的不同或许来自结构的转变.     

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9阴极对氧化锆薄膜燃料电池性能的影响

采用固相混合法和浸渍法分别在阳极支撑的氧化钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）薄膜上制备了La0.7Sr0.3MnO3（LSM）-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1．9（SDC）复合阴极。结果表明，使用浸渍阴极的单电池获得更好的输出性能；但浸渍阴极的孔隙率较低，在高温区容易出现浓差极化现象。通过降低浸渍阴极的厚度，可以有效地提高电极的气体扩散速率,通过调整浸渍电极的厚度，可以在不同温度下获得理想的电池性能。采用4μm厚浸渍阴极的单电池，800℃的最高功率密度为1100mW／cm^2；采用28μm厚浸渍阴极的单电池，600℃的最高功率密度为295mW／cm^2。     

高温燃料电池阴极材料La（Sr）MnO3的电导性能研究

用固相合成法合成了（Ｌａ１－ｘＳｒｘ）１－ｙＭｎＯ３（ｘ＝０～５，ｙ＝０～０．１）单纯相化合物。在空气中用直流四探针法测定了各组成的电导率。测试温度范围为１００～９５０℃。其中（Ｌａ０．７Ｓｒ０．３）０．９５ＭｎＯ３具有最大的电导率。讨论了Ｌａ（Ｓｒ）ＭｎＯ３的电导机理。     

La0.7Sr0.3FeO3-Sm0.2Ce0.8O2复合阴极制备及性能研究

采用固相反应法(SSR)和硝酸盐-甘氨酸燃烧法(GNP)合成La0.7Sr0.3FeO3(LSF)粉体,用于制备中温固体氧化物燃料电池的复合阴极LSF-Sm0.2Ce0.8O2(SDC).用交流阻抗谱研究复合阴极的组成、烧结温度、起始粉体性质等因素对电极界面比电阻的影响.结果表明,在LSF中加入适当比例的SDC可明显提高电极的性能.当SDC的加入量达到其渗流阀值(～50%,质量分数)时,在700℃复合阴极的界面比阻抗约为0.2 Ω·cm2,大约为纯LSF的十分之一.电极性能的明显提高的原因是电极离子电导率的提高、CeO2的本征催化性能以及电极三相线密度的增大.     

La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3纳米颗粒的制备和光催化性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3(LSMO)纳米颗粒,用X射线衍射、扫描电镜对样品进行了表征。结果表明,分别以柠檬酸、酒石酸、醋酸、草酸、EDTA为络合剂,在600℃烧结均可制备出单相LSMO纳米颗粒;样品颗粒主要呈类球型,其中以柠檬酸为络合剂制得的颗粒形貌最佳;这些样品的平均颗粒尺寸分别为24 nm(柠檬酸)、28 nm(酒石酸)、36 nm(醋酸)、38 nm(草酸)、50 nm(EDTA)。以甲基红乙醇溶液为目标降解物,采用可见光源钨灯为辐照光源,研究了LSMO纳米颗粒的光催化性能。结果表明,甲基红的吸附及光催化降解率与反应液中H_2O含量紧密相关,以柠檬酸为络合剂制得的颗粒光催化活性相对较高。LSMO的光催化机理,主要为光生空穴的直接氧化。     

Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3铁电薄膜的弥散相变特征及有序微畴

Ｂａ０．７Ｓｒ０．３ＴｉＯ３铁电薄膜的介电温谱呈现弥散相变的特征,相对介电常数与温度呈现平方关系。ＴＥＭ观察表明,１０ｎｍ量级微畴随机分布在晶粒中,选区电子衍射（ＳＡＥＤ）揭示微畴区存在１／２{201}超点阵,Ｂａ＾２＋、Ｓｒ＾２＋离子层在「００１」方向的交替排列可以描述该超点阵。     

低温燃烧法制备La0.8Sr0.2 MnO3-δ超细粉体

采用低温燃烧法制备La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ(LSM)超细粉体,研究了pH值、柠檬酸用量、n(H2O)/n(M2 )和加热温度等主要工艺条件对凝胶生成的影响.采用XRD、粒度分析和BET等方法对粉体的相组成、粒度分布状态及比表面积进行了分析和表征,并比较了低温燃烧法与固相反应法和共沉淀法制备LSM粉体的性能差别,结果表明低温燃烧法制备的纳米粉(20～30nm)纯度高,比表面积超过了11m2/g.     

壳聚糖／纳米La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3复合膜的制备及表征

采用甘氨酸一硝酸盐燃烧法成功的制备了La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3钙钛矿型复合氧化物,并通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、XRD现代分析手段对其进行了分析,结果表明La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3纳米晶体复合氧化物呈球形,粒径为19．1nm。利用溶胶-凝胶法在壳聚糖溶液中制备壳聚糖／La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3薄膜,并通过以上分析手段,对膜的表面形貌、成分变化、La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3的形态、粒子尺寸等进行分析,研究其成膜前后的变化。结果表明壳聚糖与La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3之间存在较强的氢键相互作用,这种分子问的相互作用扰乱了壳聚糖原有的晶体结构,在壳聚糖与La0．7Ca0．3Fe0．25Co0．75O3复合过程中产生了新的分子排列,从而使两组分之间形成了良好的分散与相容。     

La0.67Sr0.33MnO3中Bi的掺杂效应

将Bi2O3掺杂到用溶胶—凝胶法制备的La0.6Sr0．33MnO3(LSMO)微粉中,XRD测量结果证实有过量的Bi析出。随着Bi掺杂量的增加,LSMO／(Bi2O3)x/2材料电阻率发生明显变化,在x=(0—0．10)摩尔比的掺杂范围内,电阻率先上升后突然下降。当X=0．1时,电阻率比未掺杂样品下降了一个数量级。Bi掺杂对低温和室温磁电阻有着完全不同的影响。低温下,随掺杂量增加,磁电阻下降;室温下Bi的微量掺杂可以使磁电阻增大,掺入x=0.03Bi使室温磁电阻由-4.4％提高到-5．6％。     

Magnetocaloric Effect in La0.7Cd0.3MnO3, La0.7Ba0.3MnO3, and Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3

We have based on isothermal magnetization curves to study the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in fine-grained perovskite manganites of La_0.7Cd_0.3MnO₃ (LCMO), La_0.7Ba_0.3MnO₃ (LBMO), and Nd_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ (NSMO) prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. Magnetic measurements were performed on a vibrating sample magnetometer, with a temperature increment of 1.0?K, and the applied field in the range of 0?C1.8?T. Under an applied field of 1.8?T, the maximum magnetic-entropy change obtained for LCMO, LBMO, and NSMO taking place at their Curie temperature are about 2.3, 2.1, and 5.1?J/(kg?K), respectively. The large entropy change in NSMO makes it suitable for magnetic-cooling applications.     

Low-field magnetoresistance in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 composites

A manganite composite series of (1 ? x)La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/xBaTiO₃ (x = 0, 0.06, 0.12, and 0.18) has been fabricated by solid-state reaction combined with a high-energy mechanical milling method. Experimental results revealed that the insulator–metal transition temperature was shifted towards lower temperatures, and resistivity increases with increasing BaTiO₃ content in (1 ? x)La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃/xBaTiO₃. Meanwhile, the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition temperature was almost unchanged. The increase in magnetoresistance was observed in the all composites at whole measurement temperatures under an applied magnetic field of 3 kOe. Here, temperature dependences of magnetoresistance display a Curie–Weiss law-like behavior. The nature of this phenomenon is explained in detail.     

La0.7Ca0.3MnO3多晶样品中的相分离研究

采用固相反应法制备了La0.7Ca0.3MnO3多晶样品并借助X射线衍射,零场下的电阻测量以及电子顺磁共振技术对样品的结构、电子输运和磁性质进行了研究.实验结果表明,在居里温度TC附近,电子顺磁共振(ESR)谱线出现异常,谱线表现出明显的不对称,共振场随着温度的降低向低温方向移动.我们发现在居里温度TC以下用两个洛仑兹峰对ESR谱线可以进行较好的拟合,从而有力地证明了在相转变温度TC附近存在铁磁与顺磁相的共存.     

Tuning magnetic domain structure in nanoscale La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 islands

The realization of spin-based devices requires high density, ordered arrays of magnetic materials with a high degree of spin polarization at surfaces. We have synthesized, for the first time, highly spin polarized complex magnetic oxide nanostructures embedded in a paramagnetic matrix by electron beam lithography and ion implantation. Imaging the magnetic domains with X-ray photoemission electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy reveals a delicate balance between magnetocrystalline, magnetoelastic, and magnetostatic energies that can be tuned by the choice of SrTiO3 substrate orientation, film thickness, island size, and island shape.     

Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Electrospun La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Nanostructures

La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ (abbreviated as LSMO) nanostructures were fabricated by a simple electrospinning using a solution that contained poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), lanthanum, strontium and manganese nitrates. The LSMO nanostructures were successfully obtained from calcination of the as-spun LSMO/PVP composite nanofibers at 500–900 °C in air for 7 h. The as-spun and calcined LSMO/PVP composite nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis of phase composition by XRD revealed that all the calcined samples have a single rhombohedral LSMO phase. The SEM results showed that the crystal structure and morphology of the LSMO nanofibers were affected by the calcination temperature. Crystallite size of the nanoparticles contained in nanofibers increased with an increase in calcination temperature. The specific saturation magnetization (M _s ) values were obtained to be 1.23, 28.61, and 40.52 emu/g at 10 kOe for the LSMO samples calcined respectively at 500, 700, and 900 °C. It is found that the increase of the tendency of M _s is consistent with the enhancement of crystallinity, and the values of M _s for the calcined LSMO samples were observed to increase with increasing crystallite size. This increase in M _s for the calcined LSMO samples with increasing crystallite size may be explained by considering a magnetic domain of the samples.     

Exchange coupling and exchange bias in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-SrRuO3 superlattices

La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3)-SrRuO(3) superlattices with and without nanometrically thin SrTiO(3), BaTiO(3) and Ba(0.7)Sr(0.3)TiO(3) interlayers were grown by pulsed laser deposition. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed coherent growth of La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3), SrRuO(3) and SrTiO(3) layers with atomically sharp interfaces, even if individual layers were as thin as one or two unit cells. In contrast, misfit dislocations and unit cell high interfacial steps were observed at the interfaces between BaTiO(3) and one of the ferromagnetic layers. The presence of the interlayers as well as these extended defects had a significant influence on the magnetic properties of the superlattices, especially on the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling between the La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) and SrRuO(3) layers and the exchange biasing. Surprisingly, exchange biasing was found to increase with decreasing strength of the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling. This was explained by different magnetization reversal mechanisms acting in the regimes of strong and weak interlayer exchange coupling.     

Low-Temperature Synthesis of Ultrafine La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Powder via Chelate Homogenization

Ultrafine La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ powders were prepared via homogenization in chelate solutions, followed by the calcination of solid precursors at 700°C in air or oxygen, and their phase composition and average particle size were determined. The solid precursors were obtained from a solution of polynuclear La, Sr, and Mn chelates (diethylenetriaminepentaacetates) by three procedures: (1) gelation of the solution, followed by air drying of the resultant gel; (2) gelation followed by microwave dehydration; and (3) microwave dehydration of the solution. The results demonstrate that the way in which the chelate solution is converted into solid foams has little effect on the phase composition and particle size of the powders. At the same time, the phase composition and particle size of the reaction products depend on the calcination atmosphere (air or oxygen). Calcination in oxygen (700°C, 10 h) ensures the preparation of phase-pure La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ powders, with an average particle size of 30 nm, from the three precursors.     

Electrical Resistivity of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Ceramics Prepared via Chelate Homogenization

La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ ceramics are prepared from powders produced via gelation and/or microwave processing of solutions of polynuclear chelates (La, Sr, and Mn diethylenetriaminepentaacetates), and their electrical resistivity is measured as a function of temperature. As the sintering temperature is raised from 800 to 1100°C, the average grain size of the ceramics, evaluated by the Debye–Scherrer method, increases by about a factor of 2.5 and their resistivity drops by about two orders of magnitude. The effect of the sintering temperature on the average grain size depends very little on the preparation procedure. For some of the samples, the room-temperature weak-field magnetoresistance is determined.     

渠道火花烧蚀法制备La0.7Sr0.3MnO3薄膜

采用新型渠道火花烧蚀技术在LaAlO3(001)基片上生长了La0.7S0.3MnO3(LSMO)薄膜.X射线衍射对样品结构的分析表明,制备的LSMO薄膜具有c轴取向生长的特点,薄膜与基片间因晶格不匹配而受面内应力挤压,发生弛豫而出现两相.在室温下采用振动样品磁强计测试样品的面内方向磁滞回线,表明制备的LSMO样品具有软磁性,矫顽力Hc=13 Oe.通过标准四探针法测量了LSMO薄膜的室温薄膜电阻与外加磁场的关系,得知零场电阻率ρ(0)=19.4 mΩ·cm,室温下4800 Oe外场作用下的磁电阻变化率为2.25%,对此用双交换作用机制定性地加以了解释.