纳米Ni/MgO催化剂在CO_2重整CH_4反应中影响因素的研究

采用纳米Ni/MgO催化剂,在CO2重整CH4反应中,研究了还原温度、还原时间、反应温度、镍含量和空间速度等因素对反应的影响,结果表明,在适宜的反应条件下,纳米Ni/MgO催化剂具有很好的活性和稳定性。     

Ni/Al2O3-MxOy催化剂催化松香加氢的催化性能及产物组成

研究了Ni/Al2O3-MxOy,催化剂催化松香氢化反应的催化性能,结果表明Ni/Al2O3-MxOy催化剂催化松香氢化具有较好的催化性能,枞酸转化率可达98%以上,氢化产物达到国家普通氢化松香(特级)标准.产物主要组分与Pd/C催化剂催化所得的氢化产物基本相同.     

Ni含量对介孔Ni-CaO-ZrO2催化剂上CH4-CO2重整反应的影响研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备了Ni含量不同的介孔Ni-CaO-ZrO2纳米复合氧化物催化剂,研究了其在CH4-CO2重整反应中的催化性能。利用N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)以及程序升温氧化(TPO)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Ni含量对催化剂的物化性质和催化性能有较大影响,低Ni含量的催化剂具备较完善的介孔结构,该种结构非常有利于Ni物种的分散及其在高温下的抗烧结能力,从而提高了催化剂的稳定性;但过低的Ni负载量会造成催化剂表面Ni活性位过少,进而影响催化剂的活性;另一方面,Ni含量过高会导致催化剂介孔结构的坍塌,Ni在反应条件下烧结严重,大尺寸的Ni颗粒会大大增加积炭的生成,从而造成催化剂失活。     

共沉淀法制备Ni/Al2O3催化剂的研究

油脂加氢催化剂是以金属镍为活性组分、氧化铝为载体制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂。在制备催化剂过程中,其合成条件直接影响着催化剂的最终活性。以工业硝酸镍、碳酸钠和自制氧化铝粉为原料,利用共沉淀的方法制备加氢催化剂,考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应液pH及反应过程中搅拌转速对催化剂活性的影响。通过实验数据汇总分析,最终确定制备Ni/Al2O3油脂加氢催化剂的最佳条件：反应温度为85 ℃、反应结束时溶液pH=8.0、反应时间为1.5 h、搅拌转速为600 r/min。在此条件下制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂,经棕榈油加氢评价后测定的碘值最低。     

TiO2掺杂对Na2CO3/Al2O3吸收剂CO2捕捉性能的影响

钠基固体吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气CO₂技术具有反应温度低、能耗低等优点,日益受到学术界的关注。该技术的主要不足是吸收剂的活性成分碳酸钠与CO₂的反应（碳酸化反应）活性较低。针对这一问题,本文旨在研制一种新型改性钠基固体吸收剂,采用活性氧化铝作为载体、TiO₂作为掺杂剂进行改性,利用热重分析装置、XRD、SEM和氮吸附仪研究钠基固体吸收剂的CO₂捕捉性能。结果表明：掺杂TiO₂后,钠基固体吸收剂与CO₂的反应速率加快,CO₂捕捉量增加;反应前后除TiO₂外无其他含Ti化合物生成;碳酸化反应产物为NaHCO₃和Na₅H₃（CO₃）₄;然而TiO₂掺杂过多会堵塞吸收剂的微观孔道,不利于甚至阻碍碳酸化反应的进行,因此,TiO₂的掺杂量应控制在一定的范围内。     

CaO对CH4-CO2重整反应催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Ni/CaO-γ-Al2O3系列催化剂,并通过固定床连续反应考察了催化剂在CH4-CO2重整反应中的活性。结果表明：CaO助剂的加入能提高Ni基催化剂的活性,以CaO含量5%为最佳;采用共浸渍法制得的催化剂活性较高;焙烧温度723 K和还原温度823 K时催化剂活性较高;使用最佳条件下制得的催化剂,973 K下进行CH4-CO2重整反应,总碳转化率达到83.4%。     

新型合成气甲烷化催化剂La2O3-ZrO2-Ni/Al2O3的制备与性能

针对常规合成气甲烷化催化剂高热结构稳定性差、活性低、适应性差等不足,本文创新地引用稀土金属氧化物La₂O₃复配过渡金属氧化物ZrO₂作为多功能复合助剂,利用反向沉淀法制备了新型合成气甲烷化催化剂La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃,同时制备催化剂Cr₂O₃-Ni/Al₂O₃作为参照组。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了催化剂的微观结构,并利用N₂吸附仪（BET）测量催化剂经高温水热处理前后的微孔结构参数,以考察催化剂的高热结构稳定性。结合国内某大型煤制天然气项目工艺特征和运行实践,应用Aspen Plus软件模拟了四段甲烷化工艺理论平衡值。基于自主固定床合成气甲烷化评价实验装置,考察了反应压力、空速和原料气H₂O(g)含量等因素对La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃催化性能的影响,并开展了1000h长周期寿命评价实验。结果表明,La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃比Cr₂O₃-Ni/Al₂O₃具有更优的高热结构稳定性;可使CO和CO₂反应达到或接近催化剂床层出口温度下的理论平衡状态,呈现显著的宽温活性;活性组分NiO晶粒尺寸介于7~10nm,分散度较高;对反应压力、空速和原料气H₂O(g)含量的变化不敏感,具有良好的操作弹性;1000h反应后仍能保持较高的活性和稳定性。     

CuO/Al2O3催化剂对苯催化燃烧性能的研究

以大孔拟薄水铝石为原料,添加有机溶剂,经挤条成型、干煅、焙烧制备了比表面积高、孔分布宽的柱状氧化铝载体。用等体积浸渍法制备了系列Cu O/Al2O3催化剂,进行催化燃烧苯实验,并利用低温氮吸附(BET)和程序升温还原(TPR)对所制备催化剂进行表征。结果表明:Cu O负载量为14%的Cu O/Al2O3催化剂性能高,在反应温度为300℃、空速为1800 h-1、常压条件下,苯完全催化燃烧。     

磁场对Ni/Al2O3催化剂结构及加氢性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Ni/Al₂O₃加氢催化剂,在制备过程中引入交流电磁场对催化剂做强化制备,通过BET、SEM、XRD和TPR等方法对催化剂做表征,并将该催化剂应用于脂肪酸加氢反应中,考察了磁场强度对催化剂结构及加氢性能的影响。结果表明,制备过程中引入电磁场能够有效降低催化剂颗粒的团聚,增大催化剂的比表面积和平均孔径,提高催化剂的脂肪酸加氢活性。随着磁场强度的增强催化剂还原温度逐渐升高,结构稳定性增强,有效延长了催化剂的使用寿命。     

CO Adsorbed Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Reforming of Methane

CO adsorbed infrared spectroscopy study was conducted in this work in order to better understand the significantly improved anti-coke performance of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst obtained via argon glow discharge plasma treatment. The present study revealed a significant decrease of linear to bridge (L/B) adsorbed CO for glow discharge plasma treated Ni/Al₂O₃, compared to that for untreated Ni/Al₂O₃, indicating an enhancement of close packed plane concentration. This structure change leads to lower methane turnover frequency (TOF) and better balance of carbon formation-gasification, resulting in better anti-coke property of Ni/Al₂O₃ for CO₂ reforming of methane.     

Catalyst Design of Pt-Modified Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst with Flat Temperature Profile in Methane Reforming with CO2 and O2

Pt(0.3)/Ni(10)/Al₂O₃, prepared by a sequential impregnation method, exhibited a more excellent performance in methane reforming with CO₂ and O₂ in terms of the catalytic activity and the temperature profile of the catalyst bed than Pt(0.3) + Ni(10)/Al₂O₃ prepared by a coimpregnation method, Ni(10)/Al₂O₃, Pt(0.3)/Al₂O₃, and Pt(10)/Al₂O₃. It is thought that this is because the surface Pt atoms on Ni catalyst can contribute to the enhancement of the catalyst reducibility.     

Methane Steam Reforming Kinetics on a Ni/Mg/K/Al2O3 Catalyst

The kinetics of methane steam reforming were studied on a Ni/Mg/K/Al₂O₃ catalyst that was developed for conditioning of biomass-derived syngas. Reactions were conducted in a packed-bed reactor while the concentrations of reactants (methane and steam) and products (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) were varied at atmospheric pressure, with the effects of temperature (525–700 °C) and residence time also being investigated. A power law rate model was developed using nonlinear regression to provide a predictive capability for the rate of methane conversion over this catalyst, to be used for reactor design and technoeconomic analysis of process designs. In order to provide some mechanistic insight, and to compare this catalyst to other non-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts reported in the literature, a reaction mechanism consisting of five elementary steps, using a Langmuir–Hinshelwood type approach, was also considered. These five steps included: (i) CH₄ adsorption, (ii) H₂O adsorption, (iii) surface reaction of adsorbed CH₄ and H₂O to form CO and H₂, (iv) CO desorption, and (v) H₂ desorption. Nonlinear regression was then used to fit each of the rate laws to the experimental data. From these results, the model that assumed CH₄ adsorption to be the rate determining step provided the best fit of the experimental data. This finding is consistent with literature studies on non-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, in which methane adsorption has been proposed to be the rate determining step during catalytic methane steam reforming. Both the power rate laws and the rate law assuming CH₄ adsorption to be the rate determining step can be used as predictive tools for determining methane conversion for a given set of process conditions. Additionally, a rate expression that assumed the rate was only a function of methane partial pressure was considered, namely, $rate = k*P_{{CH_{4} }}$ rate = k ? P CH 4 , where $k = k_{0} *e^{{^{{ - {\text{Ea}}/{\text{RT}}}} }}$ k = k 0 ? e ? Ea / RT , with P_CH4 in units of Torr. This first-order-methane rate expression fit the data well, yielding an apparent activation energy over this catalyst of E_a = 93 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential rate constant of k₀ = 7.67 × 10⁵ mol/(g-cat s Torr CH₄).     

Ni/Al2O3工业催化剂在CO2/CH4重整反应中的研究

通过浸渍法与溶胶一凝胶法制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂,其中浸渍一定形状的载体解决了催化剂的成型难点.在微反和工业化示范装置中对其粉体和成型催化剂进行了分别评价,工业催化剂的活性高,稳定性较好.通过XRD、TC-DTA、BET、TEM等表征手段对催化剂进行了表征并对浸渍法工业催化剂反应前后的变化原因进行了分析.     

Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane Over Nanocomposite Ni/ZrO2 Catalysts

A systematic study of the size effect of zirconia nanocrystals on nickel-catalyzed reforming of methane with CO₂ shows that extremely stable Ni/ZrO₂ catalysts are obtainable by hydrogen reduction of impregnated nickel nitrate on zirconia particles with sizes less than 25 nm. The same preparation method with larger particles of zirconia results in catalyst samples that deactivate rapidly in the reforming reaction. Comprehensive characterization with XRD, TPR/TPD, and TEM shows that the stable Ni/ZrO₂ catalysts are better described as nanocomposites of size comparable to Ni metal (9-15 nm) and zirconia (7-25 nm) nanoparticles. The high percentage of the Ni-zirconia boundary or perimeter in the nanocomposite catalysts is believed to be crucial for the extremely stable catalytic activity.     

The CO methanation over NaY-zeolite supported Ni/Co3O4, Ni/ZrO2, Co3O4/ZrO2 and Ni/Co3O4/ZrO2 catalysts

The CO methanation was studied over zeolite NaY supported Ni, Co₃O₄, ZrO₂ catalysts. The XRD, N₂ physisorption and SEM analysis were used in order to characterize the catalysts. Catalytic activities were carried out under a feed composition of 1% CO, 50% H₂ and 49% He between the 125 °C to 375 °C. Except for the Ni/Co₃O₄/NaY catalyst, all catalysts gave high surface area because of the presence of zeolite NaY. Average pore diameter of the catalysts fell into the mesopore diameter range. The highest CO methanation activity was obtained with Ni/ZrO₂/NaY catalyst at which the CO methanation was started after 175 °C and 100% CO conversion was obtained at 275 °C using the same catalyst.     

CH_4/CO_2重整反应中NiO-Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2/Al_2O_3催化剂的研究

通过共沉淀法制备了一系列CexZr1-xO2的介孔材料,采取浸渍法负载10 wt%Ni O/γ-Al2O3,得到不同组成的Ni O-CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)催化剂。对所得催化剂进行BET、XRD表征分析,同时考察了在相同条件下CH4/CO2重整反应中的催化性能。结果表明:Ni O-Ce0.75Zr0.25O2/Al2O3催化剂有较好的稳定性和抗积炭性,CH4、CO2转化率和H2收率分别可达85.5%、86.4%和93.8%;碱金属助剂有大的比表面积,可使活性组分Ni O充分分散,且随着Ce O2含量增加分散度也提高,使得催化剂抗积炭性能增强,催化活性提高。     

Self-stabilization of Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst with a NiAl2O4 Isolation Layer in Dry Reforming of Methane

Catalysis Letters - Alumina oxide supported nickel (Ni/Al2O3) catalysts generally suffer from fast deactivation caused by coking and formation of nickel aluminate (NiAl2O4) in dry reforming of...     

ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物对负载Ni基催化剂合成甲烷的性能影响

采用并流沉淀法制备了不同配比的ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物,并通过浸渍法制备了10% Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,考察了复合氧化物载体的水热稳定性及ZrO2与Al2O3的配比对合成气制甲烷Ni基催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明：ZrO2的添加能在一定程度上抑制Al2O3的水解反应,这可能是ZrO2与Al2O3形成固溶体所致。随着ZrO2含量增加,复合氧化物载体的水热稳定性先降低后升高,当ZrO2与Al2O3质量比为0.24时,载体的水热稳定性最好。不同配比的ZrO2-Al2O3复合氧化物负载Ni基催化剂的稳定性与载体的水热稳定性变化是一致的,说明载体的抗水热能力增强,催化剂结构更稳定,催化剂的活性稳定性相应增加。     

甲烷二氧化碳重整用Ni/AC催化剂的阈值效应研究

为研究活性炭负载Ni(Ni/AC)基催化剂在甲烷二氧化碳重整反应中的阈值效应,采用N2吸附(BET)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试技术对活性炭负载Ni(Ni/AC)基催化剂进行分析,分别探讨了浸渍溶剂和负载量对催化剂表面结构、Ni分散状态和分散阈值的影响。结果表明,采用丙酮作为溶剂制备的催化剂比纯水在活性炭载体表面更有利镍的分散,提高了活性组分有效面积,并具有更高的分散阈值。对比密置单层排列模型计算值认为Ni在AC表面呈非密置单层或亚单层分散。Ni/AC催化重整甲烷二氧化碳实验结果显示,丙酮作为浸渍溶剂比纯水制备的催化剂表现出更好的催化活性,负载型Ni/AC催化剂在甲烷二氧化碳重整反应中存在显著的阈值效应。