水下传感器网络路由协议研究

现有水下传感器网络路由协议都属于地理路由协议,需要知道各个节点的水下三维位置信息,从而导致大量水下通信,难以有效延长网络生存时间。本文深入分析了现有研究的不足,提出一种基于深度信息与能量均衡的水下路由协议,只需要节点深度信息,节点间通信量极少;设计了协议的算法,并提出了空洞处理对策。     

水下无线传感器网络MAC协议分析

在水下无线传感器网络中,MAC (Medium Access Control)协议为相互竞争的用户之间公平地分配信道资源.介绍了水声通信的特点以及在此环境下设计MAC协议所面临的主要问题,归纳水下无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计原则和分类方法.通过分析当前典型的各类MAC协议的主要机制,详细比较这些协议的特点、性能差异和...     

无线传感器网络LEACH路由协议改进

由于无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)中节点能量有限,需要设计能量有效的协议,以延长网络的生存时间。在LEACH路由协议的基础上,综合考虑节点已经充当簇头的次数、剩余能量和地理位置参数来优化簇头的选择机制,提出了LEACH-W路由协议算法。实验结果表明,LEACH-W算法具有更长的网络生命周期。     

无线传感器网络路由协议

本文在简要地介绍了无线传感器网络体系结构的基础上,研究了当前主要的几种无线传感器网络路由协议模型,并进行了比较分析.     

基于内容的无线传感器网络路由协议

针对无线传感器网络环境下低功耗路由问题,根据无线传感器网络是一种以数据为中心的网络的特点,提出了一种基于内容的低功耗路由协议CBP。其基本思想是:Sink节点根据上层应用构造谓词,并对谓词进行广播,网络中所有传感节点以Sink节点的谓词为依据建立路由表,实现数据路由。与现有无线传感器网络路由协议相比较,此路由协议具有低功耗,占用节点资源少,网络容错能力强等特点。仿真结果表明,在节点数量大于100的大规模网络中,基于内容的无线传感器网络路由协议功耗比定向扩散协议功耗降低19%。     

基于无线传感器网络的MAC协议研究

无线传感器网络是一种应用极为广泛的新兴网络,MAC协议的研究已成为无线传感器网络中的研究热点。本文对几种典型MAC协议进行了分析,通过讨论其优缺点,指出了当前无线传感器网络面临的挑战,展望了进一步的研究方相。     

无线传感器网络路由协议研究浅析

在无线传感器网络体系结构中,路由技术至关重要。本文描述了无线传感器路由协议所面临的问题与挑战,分析和比较了典型的平面路由协议和层次路由协议。最后总结了理想路由协议应该具有的特点以及路由协议未来的研究策略及发展趋势。     

无线传感器网络路由协议分析

分析了无线传感器网络中应用较为广泛的一些路由协议,对他们进行了详细的分析之后,在协议机制、算法性能、适用场合等方面进行了比较,作出了总结。最后,提出了一些需要进一步研究的问题。     

无线传感器网络中RPL路由协议性能研究

RPL路由协议是专门设计用于低功耗有损网络的IPv6路由协议。RPL支持3种通信模式,适用于多种应用。文章针对RPL的2种信息流模式MP2P(Multipoint to Point)和P2MP(Point to Multipoint),从丢包率、时延、控制消息开销3个方面对RPL进行了分析。实验使用传感器节点部署了真实的网络环境并获得相应的数据。实验结果表明了RPL协议在无线传感器网络中具有较高的路由性能,但是RPL网络中下行路由的建立与维护需要进一步的优化。     

无线传感器网络的路由协议

传感器网络设计的重要一环是无线传感器网络的路由协议选择,文中根据网络的生存时间、成功率和网络中的节点数目等因素,比较并分析了目前无限传感器网路中常用的几种路由协议。     

无线传感器网络路由协议性能研究

无线传感器网络是目前网络研究的热点,其路由协议的设计是最具挑战性的问题之一,对目前典型的无线传感器网络的路由协议进行分类研究和性能分析,设计并实现了在NS2环境下典型协议的仿真场景和性能分析比较。对无线传感器网络路由协议的研究和组网具有参考指导意义。     

A reliable and energy‐efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted much research attention to support various applications for pollution monitoring, tsunami warnings, offshore exploration, tactical surveillance, etc. However, because of the peculiar characteristics of UWSNs, designing communication protocols for UWSNs is a challenging task. Particularly, designing a routing protocol is of the most importance for successful data transmissions between sensors and the sink. In this paper, we propose a reliable and energy‐efficient routing protocol, named R‐ERP²R (Reliable Energy‐efficient Routing Protocol based on physical distance and residual energy). The main idea behind R‐ERP²R is to utilize physical distance as a routing metric and to balance energy consumption among sensors. Furthermore, during the selection of forwarding nodes, link quality towards the forwarding nodes is also considered to provide reliability and the residual energy of the forwarding nodes to prolong network lifetime. Using the NS‐2 simulator, R‐ERP²R is compared against a well‐known routing protocol (i.e. depth‐based routing) in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, end‐to‐end delay and delivery ratio. The simulation results proved that R‐ERP²R performs better in UWSNs.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NHRPA: a novel hierarchical routing protocol algorithm for wireless sensor networks

Considering severe resources constraints and security threat hierarchical routing protocol algorithm. The proposed routing of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, the article proposed a novel protocol algorithm can adopt suitable routing technology for the nodes according to the distance of nodes to the base station, density of nodes distribution, and residual energy of nodes. Comparing the proposed routing protocol algorithm with simple direction diffusion routing technology, cluster-based routing mechanisms, and simple hierarchical routing protocol algorithm through comprehensive analysis and simulation in terms of the energy usage, packet latency, and security in the presence of node protocol algorithm is more efficient for wireless sensor networks. compromise attacks, the results show that the proposed routing     

Energy‐efficient void avoidance geographic routing protocol for underwater sensor networks

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) consist of a group of sensors that send the information to the sonobuoys at the surface level. Void area, however, is one of the challenges faced by UWSNs. When a sensor falls in a void area of communication, it causes problems such as high latency, power consumption, or packet loss. In this paper, an energy‐efficient void avoidance geographic routing protocol (EVAGR) has been proposed to handle the void area with low amount of energy consumption. In this protocol, a suitable set of forwarding nodes is selected using a weight function, and the data packets are forwarded to the nodes inside the set. The weight function includes the consumed energy and the depth of the candidate neighboring nodes, and candidate neighboring node selection is based on the packet advancement of the neighboring nodes toward the sonobuoys. Extensive simulation experiments were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed protocol. Simulation results revealed that the proposed protocol can effectively achieve better performance in terms of energy consumption, packet drop, and routing overhead compared with the similar routing protocol.     

RQAR: Location-free reliable and QoS-aware routing protocol for mobile sink underwater wireless sensor networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have attracted attention from academics and industries due to many applications such as pollution monitoring, military, tsunami warning, and underwater exploration. One of the effective factors in these applications is efficient communication between underwater sensors. But this process is very challenging in UWSNs due to special conditions and underwater harsh environments. Therefore, designing routing protocols for efficient communication between sensors and sink is an important issue in UWSNs. In this context, this paper proposed a location-free Reliable and QoS-Aware Routing (RQAR) protocol for mobile sink UWSNs. RQAR designed using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and does not require the position information of the sensor nodes, which is cumbersome and difficult to obtain. Proposed protocol considers multiple parameters including link quality, hop count, congestion, and residual energy for qos support, and reliable data delivery RQAR also minimizes the effects of hole occurrence by increasing the transmission range as much as possible and ensures communication stability. The simulation results using NS2 showed the superiority of RQAR in improving end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and network throughput compared to the previous methods.     

无线传感器网络分簇路由协议研究

在无线传感器网络中,分簇型路由在路由协议中占据重要的地位,该协议方便拓扑结构管理,能源利用率高,数据融合简单。文章从簇头生成、簇形成和簇路由3个角度对典型的分簇路由算法LEACH,HEED,EEUC,PEGASIS进行了系统描述,从网络生命周期和节点存活数量等方面,对比了其优缺点,结合该领域的研究现状,指出了未来研究的方向。     

一种能量均衡的无线传感器网络协议

提出了一种能量均衡的无线传感器网络协议。在此协议中,用以基站为圆心一定距离为半径的环状带将目标网络覆盖区域分为三部分,靠近圆心的节点和环状带内节点采用单跳方式直接跟基站通信,环状带以外的节点采用多跳方式跟环状带内节点通信;节点保存多条到基站的最短路由,采用轮循机制选择一条路由传输数据,从而将数据传输任务均衡的分配到多条线路上;当环状带内节点的能量值达到一个阀值时修改环状带的半径和宽度,重新组网,从而将即将形成的"热区"转移到其他区域,达到延长无线传感器网络的生命周期。     

DRP: An energy‐efficient routing protocol for underwater sensor networks

The features of transmissions in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) include lower transmission rate, longer delay time, and higher power consumption when compared with terrestrial radio transmissions. The negative effects of transmission collisions deteriorate in such environments. Existing UWSN routing protocols do not consider the transmission collision probability differences resulting from different transmission distances. In this paper, we show that collision probability plays an important role in route selection and propose an energy‐efficient routing protocol (DRP), which considers the distance‐varied collision probability as well as each node's residual energy. Considering these 2 issues, DRP can find a path with high successful transmission rate and high‐residual energy. In fact, DRP can find the path producing the longest network lifetime, which we have confirmed through theoretical analysis. To the best of our knowledge, DRP is the first UWSN routing protocol that uses transmission collision probability as a factor in route selection. Simulation results verify that DRP extends network lifetime, increases network throughput, and reduces end‐to‐end delay when compared with solutions without considering distance‐varied collision probability or residual energy.     

DFR: an efficient directional flooding‐based routing protocol in underwater sensor networks

Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) have salient features such as a long propagation delay, narrow bandwidth, and high packet loss over links. Hence, path setup‐based routing protocols proposed for terrestrial sensor networks are not applicable because a large latency of the path establishment is observed, and packet delivery is not reliable in UWSNs. Even though routing protocols such as VBF (vector based forwarding) and HHVBF (hop‐by‐hop VBF) were introduced for UWSNs, their performance in terms of reliability deteriorates at high packet loss. In this paper, we therefore propose a directional flooding‐based routing protocol, called DFR, in order to achieve reliable packet delivery. DFR performs a so‐called controlled flooding, where DFR changes the number of nodes which participate in forwarding a packet according to their link quality. When a forwarding node has poor link quality to its neighbor nodes geographically advancing toward the sink, DFR allows more nodes to participate in forwarding the packet. Otherwise, a few nodes are enough to forward the packet reliably. In addition, we identify two types of void problems which can occur during the controlled flooding and introduce their corresponding solutions. Our simulation study using ns‐2 simulator proves that DFR is more suitable for UWSNs, especially when links are prone to packet loss. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型光纤光栅无线传感网络及路由设计

传统的光纤光栅传感网络具有灵活性低、移动性差等缺点.文章作者构建了一种新型的光纤光栅无线传感网络,该网络融合了无线通信和光纤光栅传感的优点.同时还设计了节点结构,并根据实际应用场景提出了该传感网络的路由协议--RT(路由选择表)协议.在NS2(Network Simulator)中,从分组投递率、时延和能耗等3方面与Flooding协议进行了比较分析,结果显示RT协议更适合该新型传感网络.