交联聚合物微粒改性乳液聚合物工艺研究（II）

采用核壳乳液聚合法合成了以交联聚合物微粒CMP为核,以成膜性很好的聚合物为壳的核／壳乳胶粒,研究了核／壳比,核／壳聚合物功能化等因素对聚合物的乳液的成膜性及膜性能的影响,并通过核／壳乳液与同化学组成的共混乳液性能的比较,证明了该核／壳聚合工艺是一种有效的利用CMP对乳液聚合物进行改性的手段。     

交联聚合物微粒改性乳液聚合物工艺研究（Ⅰ）

采用乳液聚合法合成了成膜性很好的聚合物乳液和交联聚合物微粒ＣＭＰ乳液,并将二者共混,研究了ＣＭＰ对聚合物乳液的成膜性及膜性能的影响,试验表明ＣＭＰ对合成的乳液聚合物涂膜有增强作用,但其改性工艺仍需改进。     

空间稳定的硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液的制备研究

以分子链一端为巯基的聚乙烯醇（PVA-SH）为保护胶体，合成了空间稳定的硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液。在微碱性乳液聚合条件下，成功制备出异丙氧基硅烷含量高达11．2％（质量分数）的硅丙聚合物。经傅里叶变换红外光谱测定证明，在种子乳液聚合阶段，PVA-SH与MMA单体发生了接枝反应，形成具有PVA-S-PMMA结构的线型两亲接枝聚合物。TEM观察显示，所得到的乳胶粒大小均匀并且PVA-SH对其包覆均匀完整。凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）的测试结果表明，PVA-SH和（或）PVA-S-PMMA稳定的硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯聚合物的数均相对分子质量（Mn）可以控制在60000-70000之间。在水解性能十分稳定的异丙氧基硅烷改性丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液的成膜过程中，可以通过调节pH值到微酸性，催化硅氧烷基团的水解反应，提高聚合物膜的交联速率和密度。PVA-SH稳定的异丙氧基硅烷改性P（MMA-BA）共聚物乳液能够经受24000r／min（约62m／s）的高速剪切作用而保持粒径的稳定性。这种聚合物乳液能获得性能良好的涂膜，是潜在的新型建筑涂料的成膜物质。     

空间稳定的硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液的制备研究

以分子链一端为巯基的聚乙烯醇(PVA-SH)为保护胶体,合成了空间稳定的硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液。在微碱性乳液聚合条件下成功制备出异丙氧基硅烷质量分数高达11.2%的硅丙聚合物。在水解性能十分稳定的异丙氧基硅烷改性丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液的成膜过程中,可以通过调节pH值到微酸性,催化硅氧烷基团的水解反应,提高聚合物膜的交联速率和密度。PVA-SH稳定的异丙氧基硅烷改性P(MMA-BA)共聚物乳液能够经受24 000 r/min(约62 m/s)的高速剪切作用而保持粒径的稳定。     

涂料用含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物的研究进展

含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物除具备丙烯酸酯聚合物本身成膜性好等特点外,还表现出氟聚合物的优异性能,如高硬度和低表面能等,在要求特殊性能的涂料领域获得广泛应用.本文简述了有机氟树脂的结构特点和性能,介绍了氟碳树脂的制备改性方法及含氟丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液的研究现状和进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

LT-苯丙共聚物乳液的研究Ⅰ 影响聚合物乳液最低成膜温度的因素

在聚合物乳液中,聚合物系以固体小球分散于水中。每个小球由若干个聚合物分子组成。欲使乳液中的聚合物形成涂膜,在成膜过程中小球应互相聚结熔融成膜。聚合物乳液的成膜性,除了与温度、湿度、时间和底材等外界条件有关外,主要取决于聚合物的化学组成和乳液的物理状态。所谓乳液的最低成膜温度(MFT),就是指乳胶颗粒互相聚集成膜的最低温度。当环境温度低于此温度时,乳液颗粒就不能聚集熔结成膜而     

磺化聚合物膜研究进展

综述了单组分磺化聚合物膜和复合型磺化聚合物膜的研究进展,其中单组分磺化聚合物膜包括直接磺化法和磺化单体法成膜以及在改性聚合物分子链中引入磺酸基团成膜,并分析了这几种膜的性能差异;复合型磺化聚合物膜包括在磺化聚合物中通过物理掺杂或化学键接等方式引入无机粒子(Si O2,Ti O2,Zr O2)、离子液体(咪唑类和季铵盐类)、杂多酸和膦酸质子导体等有机物或无机物制备聚合物膜,并分析通过掺杂不同的物质对磺化聚合物膜的性能影响。最后为磺化聚合物膜在未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

可再分散性聚合物粉末的制备研究

在保护胶体存在下,通过乳液聚合制得了可再分散性聚合物粉末。比较了可再分散性聚合物粉末再分散液与聚合原乳液的稳定性、最低成膜温度、成膜的力学性能,考察了可再分散性聚合物粉末在水泥中的应用。结果表明与聚合原乳液相比,聚合物粉末再分散后乳液粒径稍大,粒径分散均匀,可以稳定存在,最低成膜温度比聚合原乳液的高,力学性能比聚合原乳液膜的低。可再分散性聚合物粉末完全适用于干粉水泥砂浆的改性,对水泥压剪强度改善效果显著。制备可再分散性聚合物粉末的最佳配方(份)为保护胶体66.7、过硫酸钾0.1、苯乙烯8、丙烯酸丁酯10、水8、十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.02、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯1、甲基丙烯酸0.6、丙烯酰胺0.4、十二烷基硫醇0.02。     

水分散聚合物乳液改性水泥砂浆的研究进展

随着我国建筑行业的快速发展和工程品质意识的提高,聚合物改性水泥砂浆因其优异的应用性能而受到广泛关注,水分散聚合物乳液是一种被广泛应用在水泥砂浆中的聚合物外加剂。本文介绍了聚合物乳液改性水泥砂浆的发展史,从力学性能和耐久性方面介绍了聚合物乳液改性水泥砂浆的性能,探究了聚合物乳液对水泥砂浆的改性机理,并对其未来的研究方向进行了讨论。     

聚合物改性混凝土的研究及在煤矿井下的应用

本文通过对聚合物乳液改性混凝土的力学性能和耐久性能研究,得到了一种用于井巷修补的新型聚合物改性混凝土,并确定了各组分之间最佳配比.实验结果表明:聚合物乳液可以改善混凝土性能.与普通混凝土相比,聚合物改性混凝土的抗折强度高36.8％,劈裂强度提高53.1％,粘结强度提高68％,抗渗性提高了83.3％;同时通过扫描电镜照片对乳液改性混凝土的机理进行了分析,聚合物改性混凝土内部形成连续完整的空间网状结构,极大地提高了材料的力学性能和耐久性能.     

Fixation of cationic P (st‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion on pigment particles in dyeing of cotton fabrics

Cationic copolymer emulsions of St, BA, AA, and GMA were successfully synthesized via semi‐continuous emulsion polymerization. The properties of synthesized cationic emulsions were characterized by monomer conversion and solid content, differential scanning calorimeter, particle size and distribution, zeta potential, and centrifugal stability. The film performance of the cationic emulsions formed on cotton fiber surface was observed by scanning electricity microscopy. The influence of cationic emulsions on the color data, K/S values and rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fabrics was also investigated. The results show that P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion had larger particle size and higher zeta potential than P (St‐BA‐AA) emulsion. When the films were formed at room temperature, P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion film had better performance than P (St‐BA‐AA) emulsion film. The addition of GMA monomers improved the film performance. P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion films formed at 120 °C after acetic acid solution treatment had the best water resistance. Dyed cotton fabrics pretreated with P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) emulsion had better pigment dyeing performance than those pretreated with P (St‐BA‐AA) emulsion. It demonstrates that the addition of GMA monomers further improved the effect of pigment dyeing for cotton fabrics with cationic emulsions as binders. With the increase of P (St‐BA‐AA‐GMA) concentration, the color performance of dye fabrics improved while the rubbing fastness decreased a little. But, the handle and fastness still meets the use standards for consumers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44987.     

聚硅氧烷改性苯丙乳液──Ⅰ共混改性

聚合物乳液的共混改性可以得到一些独特的性能，改性的效果取决于共混聚合物的相容性及其形态结构，也取决于共混乳液的稳定性。本文研究了聚硅氧烷改性苯丙乳液的稳定性，聚硅氧烷改性橡胶膜的形态结构、两相间相容性，及其对改性橡胶膜力学性能的影响。ＥＳＣＡ和ＳＥＭ结果表明改性橡胶膜中存在明显的相分离，聚硅氧烷在膜的表面富集；通过接枝共聚使苯丙乳液粒子中含有部分聚硅氧烷，或聚硅氧烷乳液粒子中含有部分苯丙共聚物，两者都能降低两相间的界面张力，改善两相间的相容性，从而明显提高改性橡胶膜的力学强度，但只有当聚硅氧烷分子链与苯丙分子链通过接枝和机械缠结，才能明显抑制有机硅分子链向膜的表面迁移。     

Sol–gel process of alkoxysilane in emulsifier‐involved aqueous emulsions: A one‐pot synthetic route to emulsions of core‐shell composite particles and their applications

In this work, a one‐pot route to prepare emulsions of silica/polymer core‐shell composite particles was developed through the direct sol–gel processing of alkoxysilane on the surface of newly synthesized template polymer particles in emulsifier‐involved aqueous emulsions. It included two continuous steps: first, the polymer emulsions were synthesized through emulsion polymerization, and second, the template particles in the emulsions were directly coated with silica via sol–gel reaction of precursors without adding ethanol or removing emulsifiers. The size and morphology of the composite particles were characterized, and the results showed that the silica/polymer composite particles with core‐shell structure could be prepared only on the basis of cationic template emulsions, and the in situ‐coating reaction of sol–gel precursors carried on easier with the increasing of the positive charge density on the surface of template particles. The films formed from the composite emulsions were found to have superior optical and flame‐retardant properties compared to polymer films, owing to the core‐shell composite microstructure of the particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

水性聚氨酯/硅溶胶复合涂层的制备与性能

将水性聚氨酯乳液与硅溶胶共混,制备了水性聚氨酯/硅溶胶复合乳液。采用TEM、激光粒度分析仪、流变仪、ATR-FTIR、TG对复合乳液及其涂膜进行表征,探讨了硅溶胶用量对复合涂膜性能的影响。ATR-FTIR分析表明,聚氨酯分子和硅溶胶之间可以形成氢键,但不存在化学键结合;TEM、激光粒度分析测试表明,硅溶胶质量分数的增加,使复合乳液粒子粒径增大,粒度分布变宽,当硅溶胶质量分数20%后,乳胶粒子间易发生团聚;流变分析发现,加入硅溶胶后,乳液的表观黏度(ηa)增大,假塑性增强。性能测试结果表明,硅溶胶质量分数20%时,复合乳液具有好的储存稳定性,复合涂膜表现出很好的热稳定性,48 h吸水率仅为18.94%,同时表现出很好的耐溶剂性能,拉伸强度达到28.98 MPa,铅笔硬度达2H,附着力0级。     

水性聚氨酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯杂化乳液的合成

用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)和二羟甲丙酸(DMPA)合成了水性聚氨酯分散体(WPU),讨论了PPG摩尔质量,NCO/OH及PPG/DMPA比例对WPU乳液和涂膜性能的影响。以WPU为种子与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行乳液聚合制备杂化乳液,研究了不同PU/PMMA物质的量比例对杂化乳液及涂膜性能的影响,并采用TEM对WPU及杂化乳液粒子进行了表征。结果表明,在以PPG1000为原料,NCO与OH物质的量比为1.4∶1,PPG与DMPA物质的量比为1∶0.8条件下制备的WPU杂化乳液,随着PMMA比例增加,杂化乳液的稳定性和成膜性变差,聚合物膜断裂伸长率降低,但铅笔硬度、耐水性及耐乙醇性均得到了改善。     

聚合物3530S对坨一原油各组分油水界面性质及乳状液稳定性影响

用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪研究了聚合物3530S对胜利坨一原油各组分模型油与模拟水间的界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响规律。结果表明,沥青质及胶质模型油与模拟水间的界面张力低于蜡组分模型油,原油中的界面活性组分主要为沥青质和胶质。聚合物加入模拟水后,含有聚合物的模拟水与沥青质、胶质及蜡组分模型油之间的界面剪切粘度与界面张力均上升,油滴表面的Zeta电位降低。沥青质和胶质模型油与含聚合物3530S的模拟水所形成的W/O乳状液较蜡组分模型油所形成的W/O乳状液更稳定。     

Formation of microheterogeneous film from composite polymer emulsion prepared by the stepwise heterocoagulation method

Blend emulsion of 2 kinds of particles, in which composite polymer particles were prepared by utilizing the stepwise heterocoagulation method proposed by the authors in 1990, was cast to prepare a microheterogeneous film. In the film, a discontinuous phase consisted of large anionic hard polymer particles and a continuous one consisted of small cationic soft polymer particles with the content of 30 wt % as film-forming additives. The storage stabilities of the blend emulsions after the stepwise heterocoagulation were examined under various conditions. The morphology of the film prepared was estimated from attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and dynamic mechanical spectroscopic measurements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2221–2228, 1998     

Urethane/acrylic composite polymer emulsions

Blends of waterborne urethane and acrylic polymer systems were studied to obtain a composite emulsion that would have all of the advantages of the two polymers without their associated disadvantages. An approach to achieve extensive polymer-polymer interactions through crosslinking reactions was studied to optimize the positive aspects of each polymer. The crosslink system used an acrylic polymer emulsion containing keto or aldo groups and a polyurethane dispersion incorporating a hydrazine group. The degree of crosslinking was determined by FT-IR Single package, ambient temperature crosslinking emulsions were obtained by using this system. In addition to the excellent properties these two polymers normally possess, the crosslinked blends exhibit synergistic effects in film properties, such as good solvent resistance and low heat sensitivity over a wide range. Composite polymers of this type could be useful in applications where high durability is required: tennis court coatings, floor coatings, laminating adhesives. and paper and textile finishes.     

石油磺酸盐对原油界面性质及其乳状液稳定性的影响

The influence of petroleum sulphonate （TRS） on interfacial properties and stability of the emulsions formed by formation water and asphaltene, resin and crude model oils from Gudong crude oil was investigated by measurement of interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension （IFT） and emulsion stability. With increasing petroleum sulphonate concentration, IFT between the formation water and the asphaltene, resin and crude model oils decreases significantly. The interfacial shear viscosity and emulsion stability of asphaltene and crude model oil system increase for the petroleum sulphonate concentration in the range 0.1% to 0.3%, and decrease slightly when the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5%. There exists a close correlation between the interfacial shear viscosity and the stability of the emulsions formed by asphaltene or crude model oils and petroleum sulphonate solution. The stability of the emulsions is determined by the strength of the interfacial film formed of petroleum sulphonate molecules and the natural interfacial active components in the asphaltene fraction and the crude oil. The asphaltene in the crude oil plays a major role in determining the interfacial properties and the stability of the emulsions.     

The effects of ethanol content and emulsifying agent concentration on the stability of vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions

In vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions ethanol is the polar phase and vegetable oil is the nonpolar phase. The primary advantage of vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions over conventional water-oil emulsions is that they enable the incorporation of water-and oil-insoluble or poorly soluble functional compounds and/or drugs into emulsions. A number of nonionic surfactants were used to select appropriate stabilizers for stable vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions. We found decaglycerol mono-oleate (MO750) to be the best stabilizer for ethanol-in-oil (E/O) emulsions. The effects of ethanol content and of emulsifying agent concentration on the stability of vegetable oil-ethanol emulsions were examined with MO750. After emulsification, two turbid layers formed simultaneously when ethanol content exceeded 20 wt%. The top layers (oil-in-ethanol emulsions; O/E emulsions) were very unstable, whereas the stability of the bottom layers (E/O emulsions) depended on the ethanol content. The stability of E/O emulsions is closely related to the effective concentration of MO750 aggregates, which play an important role in the film thickness stability of interfacial films formed by surfactant aggregates. Instability of E/O emulsion at 5 wt% MO750 is probably due to the polydispersity (i.e., nonuniform size and shape) of MO750 aggregates at high MO750 concentration. E/O emulsions prepared with 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt% MO750 were stable, suggesting that the interfacial films formed were effective in protecting the droplets against coalescence and Ostwald ripening.