低聚物对聚酯织物分散染料染色废液COD_(Cr)的影响

采用原位聚合法在不同芯壁比条件下对纯分散染料进行微胶囊化,将其对溶剂萃取过低聚物的TTT及PET织物进行染色,采用紫外分光光度法测定染色废液CODCr值,并与相应的商品分散染料染色废液CODCr值进行比较.结果表明,低聚物的存在将增大PTT及PET织物染色废液的CODCr值;对于相同分散染料,芯壁比为1:2的微胶囊染色废液CODCr值大于芯壁比为1:4的微胶囊染色废液CODCr值;微胶囊分散染料染色废液CODCr值远低于相应商品分散染料的染色废液CODCr值.     

The dyeing of nylon with a microencapsulated disperse dye

Melamine resin microcapsules containing CI Disperse Blue 56 were prepared by in situ polymerisation. The microcapsules were characterised by their thermal properties and morphology, such as particle size and particle size distribution. The dyeing behaviour of the microcapsules on nylon 6.6 was evaluated. The microencapsulated dye exhibited good build-up, levelness and fastness properties. It has been demonstrated that microencapsulated disperse dye can be used to replace commercial disperse dyes in dyeing polyamide fabric without dyeing additives, and the resulting effluent can be easily recycled after filtration.     

Developing chromic dyeable PET nanocomposites: The dye absorption and complex formation mechanisms

This research aimed to investigate the possibility of enhancement of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dyeability using nanotechnology. Different kinds of disperse, acidic, and chromic dyes were used for dyeing of produced PET/silver nanocomposite fine multifilament yarns produced at the take up speeds of 3000 m min⁻¹ and their prepared fabrics. Dyeability improved by using acidic dyes. However, the more promotion effect was achieved by chromic dyes. No effect on absorption of disperse dyes revealed that no physical effect can be considered for dye absorption. The electrostatic interaction between silver and acidic dye molecules and forming the coordinative bonds with chromic dye molecules on nanocomposite yarns and fabrics were concluded and thoroughly discussed. Applying chromic dye with the more potential of creating coordinative bonds intensified the improvement of dyeability. Optimized silver ratio for the dyeability enhancement was affected by the mechanisms of dye absorptions discussed and proven by investigating dye concentrations in the effluent baths after the dyeing processes. It has been found that the steric hindrance is the key factor for absorption of chromic dyes; however, it is different in the case of acidic dyes, well discussed according to the dye absorptions mechanisms. The results can be also considered as evidence to prove forming the coordinative bonds with chromic dye molecules. This has also been confirmed by appearing a bathochromic shift in the absorption peaks by increasing dyeability using chromic dye. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Waterless dyeing of polylactic acid with disperse dyes using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane as medium

Polylactic acid (PLA) fibre as a new generation of eco-friendly polyester fibre is expected to substitute polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre to be an important textile fibre raw material. However, there exist severe strength loss and light dyeing colour by the traditional water bath dyeing method, which seriously affect the promotion and application of PLA fibre in the textile fields. Therefore, it is necessary to study waterless dyeing method for PLA. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) possesses excellent physical and chemical properties with the characteristics of odourless, non-flammable, and stable to various chemicals, which has been studied to be used as a waterless dyeing medium for PET fabric. In this study, D5 was selected as the medium to study the waterless dyeing process and properties for PLA. The effects of disperse dye dosage, dyeing temperature, dyeing time and liquor ratio on the dyeing properties of PLA fabric were investigated. The results showed that the optimal dyeing process conditions were as follows: the dye dosage was 4%, dyeing temperature and time were 120°C and 40 min, respectively, and the liquor ratio was 1:10. Then PLA was dyed by three different colour disperse dyes using the optimal process which were compared with the traditional water bath. The results showed that the properties of dyed PLA fabrics with D5 could reach the dyeing effect of the traditional water bath method, while causing less influence on its mechanical property. Therefore, this research proved that D5 can be used as a dyeing medium for PLA fabric to substitute the traditional water bath dyeing.     

微胶囊化分散染料及其在纺织上的应用

概述了微胶囊化分散染料的外观特征、合成方法,介绍了分散染料微胶囊在纺织行业的应用。着重介绍了微胶囊化分散染料对涤纶无助剂、免水洗染色的原理以及该项应用技术突出的优点。     

One‐step dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate fabric,combining pretreatment and dyeing using alkali‐stable disperse dyes

In the conventional dyeing process, polyester and its blended fabrics are usually dyed in a weak acidic medium. In order to reduce cost and improve production efficiency, a new dyeing method – one‐step dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics, combining pretreatment and dyeing in alkali conditions – was investigated. The alkali‐stable disperse dyes Red 900, Red 902, Yellow BROB and Blue 825 were used to dye polyethylene terephthalate fabrics. The dyeing properties of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics in the case of one‐step dyeing at various pH values or sodium hydroxide concentrations were discussed in terms of colour yield, colour parameters and fastness. The performance of one‐step dyeing using alkali‐stable disperse dyes was excellent. The dyed fabric had good fastness. Wet processing could be combined and shortened. One‐step dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics could reduce the consumption of water and energy and improve production efficiency. One‐step dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate has potential application in cleaner textile production.     

Effect of microencapsulation on dyeing behaviors of disperse dyes without auxiliary solubilization

Microencapsulated disperse dye can be used to dye hydrophobic fabric in the absence of auxiliaries and without reduction clearing. However, little available information for dyeing practice is provided with respect to the effect of microencapsulation on the dyeing behaviors of disperse dyes. In this research, disperse dyes were microencapsulated under different conditions. The dyeing behaviors and dyeing kinetic parameters of microencapsulated disperse dye on PET fiber, e.g., dyeing curves, build up properties, equilibrium adsorption capacity C_∞, dyeing rate constant K, half dyeing time t_1/2, and diffusion coefficient D were investigated without auxiliary solubilization and compared with those of commercial disperse dyes with auxiliary solubilization. The results show that the dyeing behaviors of disperse dye are influenced greatly by microencapsulation. The diffusion of disperse dyes from microcapsule onto fibers can be adjusted by the reactivity of shell materials and mass ratios of core to shell. The disparity of diffusibility between two disperse dyes can be reduced by microencapsulation. In addition, the microencapsulation improves the utilization of disperse dyes due to no auxiliary solubilization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

A novel and eco-friendly approach for dyeing polyester fabrics by liquid disperse dyes treated with deep eutectic solvent

Disperse dyes do not contain water-soluble groups and are difficult to dissolve in water, so they cannot be directly formulated into dyeing liquor. In the current dyeing process, the solubility of disperse dyes is mainly improved by adding dispersants. However, dispersants are not absorbed by fibres and survive in the dyeing effluent, aggravating the pollution of water bodies and causing difficulties in treatment. Therefore, the development of a novel, eco-friendly dyeing approach is important to overcome these problems. Herein, for the purpose of improving the solubility of disperse dyes and reducing the dosage of dispersants, a deep eutectic solvent consisting of choline chloride/ethylene glycol was employed instead of dispersant to dissolve CI Disperse Blue 79 and CI Disperse Red 343, thus forming liquid disperse dyes. The results show that both CI Disperse Blue 79 and CI Disperse Red 343 were well dissolved in choline chloride/ethylene glycol with excellent stability, and the dissolution behaviour was strongly associated with the dissolution temperature and time. Moreover, polyester fabrics can be dyed successfully with liquid disperse dyes, and it was observed that the K/S value and rubbing fastness were evidently improved at the same dyeing temperature with unchanged colour characteristics, and a higher K/S value could still be obtained by lowering the dyeing temperature. This work establishes a green dyeing process, which reduces dyeing costs and meets the demand for environmental protection. It is also expected to realise the liquid state of disperse dyes, which will help to promote the further development of textile dyeing.     

Ammonia/acetylene plasma deposition: An alternative approach to the dyeing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics at low temperatures

It has long been recognized that dyes other than disperse dyes would play a much larger industrial role if they could be applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics at low temperatures. This research is related to a new process for the dyeing of hydrophobic PET with hydrophilic acid dyestuffs. The process is based on low‐pressure plasma polymerization using an ammonia/acetylene gaseous mixture, which provides a nanoporous plasma coating containing accessible amine groups. Surface functionalization and crosslinking have been analyzed with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The color strength (absorption coefficient/scattering coefficient) of dyed PET is evidently improved by the attachment of dye molecules to the plasma polymer coating. The dyeability strongly depends on the plasma exposure time, gaseous mixture, and energy input. The permanency of the bond between the dye molecules and the plasma film can be characterized as the fastness property of dyed PET. The stability of the plasma coating has been examined with an abrasion and pilling tester. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

溶解度参数在分散染料拼混染色及其他行业的应用（二）

溶解度参数δ是热力学上衡量非极性溶质与溶剂之间作用力的一种方法,自1911年提出这一概念后,历经20世纪30年代以内聚能参数衡量其大小,通过物质汽化热来计算溶解度参数,但是难以汽化的物质,难以测定其汽化热.20世纪60年代多人通过大量实验计算出物质分子结构中的基团的吸引力常数与摩尔体积两者总和之商求得溶解度参数,简化了溶解度参数的计算.20世纪80年代未,将此概念用到分散染料对PET聚酯纤维染色中,通过计算,PET的δ值为10.79,而传统PET的分散染料δ都在10.30 ～ 11.6之间,两者相容性很好,因此染色性能与牢度性能俱佳.将该方法引用到分散染料拼混和染厂拼色,可获得极佳效果.PTT聚酯的δ值为10.50,传统分散染料也适用它的染色.PLA纤维实际上是一类脂肪族聚酯纤维,性能与PET、PTT不同,它的δ值为12.8.显然使用传统分散染料达不到很好效果,亟待研究开发PLA专用分散染料.     

溶解度参数在分散染料拼混染色及其他行业的应用（一）

溶解度参数δ是热力学上街量非极性溶质与溶剂之间作用力的一种方法,自1911年提出这一概念后,历经20世纪30年代以内聚能参数衡量其大小,通过物质汽化热来计算溶解度参数,但是难以汽化的物质,难以测定其汽化热,20世纪60年代多人通过大量实验计算出物质分子结构中的基团的吸引力常数与摩尔体积两者总和之商求得溶解度参数,简化了溶解度参数的计算.20世纪80年代未,将此概念用到分散染料对PET聚酯纤维染色中去,通过计算,PET的δ为10.79,而传统PET的分散染料δ都在10.30～ 11.6之间,两者相容性很好,因此染色性能与牢度性能俱佳.将该方法引用到分散染料拼混和染厂拼色,可获得极佳效果.PTT聚酯的δ值为10.50,传统分散染料也适用它的染色.PLA纤维实际上是一类脂肪族聚酯纤维,性能与PET,PTT不同,它的δ值为12.8.显然使用传统分散染料达不到很好效果,亟待研究开发PLA专用分散染料.     

涤纶常压染色促染剂的制备及应用

以有机碱三乙醇胺为催化剂,邻苯二甲酸酐(简称苯酐)与自制阳离子改性剂WLS反应,制备苯酯助剂,并将其作为涤纶分散黑ECT染料常压染色的促染剂。通过系统研究,优化出苯酯合成工艺,并探讨苯酯助剂与N-正丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(简称亚胺)复配对分散黑ECT常压染色性能的影响。结果表明:苯酯与亚胺有很好的协同效应,二者质量比按2∶1复配时,可获得最佳染色效果。该复配促染剂应用于涤纶常压染色中,染色后织物先进行195℃焙烘2.5 min,再还原清洗,织物的染色深度K/S值和上染百分率较常压无助剂、同条件染色工艺显著提高,而且基本达到传统高温高压的染色效果。     

Study of physico-chemical surface treatments on dyeing properties of polyamides. Part 2: Effect of UV excimer laser irradiation

Polyamide (nylon 6) fabrics were irradiated with a 193 nm argon fluoride excimer laser and the effects on the dyeing properties of the fabrics were studied. Chemical analysis indicated that carbonisation occurred in the laser-irradiated samples. The laser treatment breaks the long chain molecules of nylon, increasing the number of amine end-groups which change the dyeing properties of acid and disperse dyes. The results suggest that laser treatment could be used to improve the dyeing properties of nylon fabric with a disperse dye.     

PBT纤维的染色性能的试探

本文从PBT纤维的物理,化学结构方面,分析研究了其染色的可能性,结果认为用分散性染料进行染色最合适。为此,用廿种常用分散染料进行系列实验。实验结果表明,选择适当的分散染料,严格控制染色工艺,可获最佳色泽。     

The Development of Dyes and Methods for Dyeing Polyester

Early work on the dyeing of polyester fibre showed that only dyes of very low aqueous solubility had substantivity for the fibre, and that for dyeing at the boil without a carrier only the smallest molecular weight disperse dyes, and selected azoic combinations, had sufficiently high dyeing rate to give adequate colour yield in a practicable time of dyeing. The development of carriers for dyeing at the boil, and of machinery for batchwise dyeing under pressure at temperatues up to 140°C, extended the range of suitable dyes to those of lower dyeing rate but higher heat–fastness properties. As an alternative to exhaust dyeing, polyester may be dyed with disperse dyes by padding followed by dry heat fixation at temperatures up to 220°C, and this method has found its main commercial application in the continuous dyeing of polyester–cellulosic blend fabrics. The development of new disperse dyes has followed these trends in application methods, and the proportion of available dyes having higher heat–fastness properties has steadily increased from about 1950 onwards. Improvements have also taken place over the same period in the physical properties of the dyes, to meet the increasingly severe demands on dispersion properties imposed by the newer dyeing methods.     

Dyeing and fastness properties of phthalimide‐based alkali‐clearable azo disperse dyes on poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The properties of a series of phthalimide‐containing azo disperse dyes and azo dyes with N‐methyl phthalimide moieties in their diazo component were investigated and compared when used to colour polyethylene terephthalate. The N‐substitution of the phthalimide gave a hypsochromic effect on the colour change and better colour yields on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics, probably because of the electron‐donating property of the methyl group and the higher hydrophobicity of phthalimide‐containing azo dyes compared with those containing phthalimide moieties. The results show that phthalimide‐based azo disperse dyes have excellent dyeing fastness properties and that high wash fastness can be achieved using alkali clearance. This alternative clearance method is important for reducing the environmental impact of the dyeing process by replacing reductive clearing and, in particular, by removing the need for sodium hydrosulphite, which creates a high biological oxygen demand when released in conventional disperse dyeing effluent and which generates aromatic amines.     

分散染料在涤/锦双组分纤维上色差的色度学分析

将涤 /锦复合丝分离成单一组分的超细涤纶和锦纶。用常用的分散染料同浴染色后 ,测定了各染色样品的颜色三刺激值 ,并经过色度学计算。实验分析表明 ,分散染料对锦纶染色物的反射光主波长值较相应涤纶染色物向长波方向移动 ;蒽醌类分散染料在锦纶上的得色量较小 ,彩度较低 ;而偶氮类分散染料对涤 /锦染色的总色差较小 ,较适合于涤 /锦复合丝的染色。     

Modification of cellulose acetate fabric with cyclodextrin to improve its dyeability

Cellulose acetate fibers are usually dyed with disperse dyes in the presence of various additives to ensure coloration leveling. The possibilities of formation of complexes between disperse dye molecules and cyclodextrin (CD) can be of beneficial use. In this respect, the modification of the fiber with CD, then subjecting it to dyeing with disperse dye was performed on the basis of host/guest system as an alternative to overcome the low solubility of disperse dyes in water. The additives of the dyeing bath can be eliminated. The attained color intensities as well as the fastness properties are enhanced upon using CD. The depth of the dye inside the fiber structure is highly enhanced, while the thermal properties such as the glass transition temperature, crystallinity temperature, and melting temperature remain nearly constant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Dyeing of polyester using micro-encapsulated disperse dyes in the absence of auxiliaries

Polyurea microcapsules were prepared in this study, using disperse dye as the core material and diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate as the wall-former. Microencapsulated disperse dyes have been characterised in terms of their thermal properties, average particle size and size distribution, morphological structure and composition. Polyester fabric was dyed with microencapsulated CI Disperse Blue 56 using a high temperature dyeing process without dispersing agents, penetrating agents, levelling agents or other auxiliaries. The quality of the polyester fabric dyed in this manner – without reduction clearing – was at least as good as that dyed traditionally after washing and reduction clearing. After separating off the polyurea microcapsules, the dyebath was virtually colourless and was shown to be suitable for reuse.     

Neutral dyeing of wool and wool/polyester blend fabrics using sulphatoethylsulphone reactive‐disperse dyes

Two models of temporarily anionic sulphatoethylsulphone reactive disperse dyes were applied to wool, polyester and wool/polyester blend fabrics at different dyeing pH. Maximum exhaustion values and colour yield were observed at pH 7. The results showed that reactive disperse dyes containing bis‐sulphatoethylsulphone reactive groups were more convenient for neutral dyeing of wool and wool/polyester blend fabrics if compared with a dye containing a mono‐sulphatoethylsulphone group. Excellent to very good wet fastness properties on all dyed fabrics were achieved.