A high‐efficiency isolated DC/DC converter using series connection on the secondary side

This paper proposes a new circuit topology for a high‐efficiency isolated DC/DC converter using series compensation. The proposed converter consists of a high‐efficiency resonance half‐bridge converter and a series converter. The series converter regulates the output voltage and provides only the differential voltage between the input voltage and output voltage. Therefore, the circuit achieves high efficiency when the input voltage is almost equal to the output voltage, because then only the resonance converter will operate. In this paper, the approach employed to achieve high efficiency by using the proposed series compensation method is introduced. In addition, the fundamental operation and the method of designing the proposed circuit are described. The suitability of the proposed circuit was confirmed by performing experiment and loss analysis, and the maximum efficiency achieved was 96.2%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(2): 42–52, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22330     

基于三端口双向DC/DC变换器的高增益组合式交直流变换器

储能系统是保证新能源供电系统、微网及大电网安全、稳定、可靠运行的关键。为了应对储能电池电压低对双向交直流变换器电压增益和效率等带来的挑战,提出了一种基于高增益比三端口双向DC/DC变换器的组合式双向交直流变换器。基于交流侧电压周期性波动的特点,利用三端口双向DC/DC变换器同时提供高压母线端口和低压母线端口,使得部分功率仅需经过低电压增益直流变换环节处理,为高增益高效率双向交直流变换提供了有利条件。详细分析了双向组合式交直流变换器的系统架构和工作原理,给出了前后级变换器的调制和控制策略,并分析了组合式交直流变换器的功率传输特性。最后,通过实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和所提方法的有效性。     

一种并联输入并联输出的宽范围双向隔离DC/DC变换器

目前,DC/DC变换器广泛应用于新能源发电、电动汽车以及锂电池化成分容等领域。针对低压大电流双向功率传输应用场合,提出了一种输入并联输出并联的宽范围双向隔离DC/DC变换器。该变换器由2个相同的两级式DC/DC变换器组成,前级采用高效率LLC谐振变换器作为直流变压器,以实现电气隔离;后级采用交错式Buck/Boost变换器,保证宽范围电压输出和高动态性能。所提变换器能够实现功率的双向传输,且采用了一种功率方向改变时,无需进行功率流向判断与开关逻辑切换的调制策略,简化了系统的控制策略并提高可靠性。设计了1台3 kW的实验装置,实验结果验证了所提变换器及其控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

一种电源-电容串联型直流变换器

提出了一种电源-电容串联型直流变换器,这种拓扑结构可以同时为两路直流电源升压,并且有效降低了半导体器件的电压与电流应力。与双路Boost型直流变换器相比,该电源-电容串联型直流变换器在不增加功率器件数量的前提下,显著降低了半导体器件的电压与电流应力,适用于分布式光伏并网逆变器的直流变换级。主要涉及该直流变换器的运行方式、电压与电流应力分析、效率对比,并通过实验验证了该直流变换器的可行性。     

一种基于CSC-VSC的DC/DC换流器及其控制策略

在能源互联网建设中,DC/DC换流器是实现不同直流电压等级的可再生能源并网的必要环节,引起了广泛的研究。DC/DC换流器的体积、成本、动稳态性能和故障性能是其广泛应用的限制因素。为此,提出了一种并网端采用有源电流源换流器、分布式能源端采用电压源换流器的front-to-front混合DC/DC换流器,其中CSC和VSC交流侧采用高频率正弦波调制。所提出的基于CSC-VSC的混合DC/DC换流器具有体积小、成本低、可穿越直流短路故障等优点。通过对混合DC/DC换流器数学模型的分析,提出了换流器参数设计方法,给出了换流器运行范围约束。再提出了一种适用于混合DC/DC换流器的综合控制策略,其中CSC采用有功无功闭环控制、VSC采用交流电压幅值闭环控制。利用RTLAB半实物仿真平台分别对混合DC/DC换流器额定运行工况和直流短路工况进行了实验研究,结果验证了所提混合DC/DC换流器拓扑和控制策略的合理性和有效性。     

集成直流断路器功能的高压大容量DC/DC变换器

高压大容量DC/DC变换器是直流电网中电压变换的关键设备。提出一种集成直流断路器功能的高压大容量DC/DC变换器,利用变换器自身控制实现直流侧短路故障阻断功能,具有轻量化、低成本、高效率的优势。首先,分析该变换器的拓扑结构、工作原理,推导子模块、晶闸管、二极管等器件的参数设计依据;然后,提出闭锁子模块和晶闸管阻断故障电流的机制,设计适应于该变换器的控制方案;其次,分别针对正常工况与故障工况进行了仿真与实验验证,结果表明该变换器拓扑结构及控制策略的有效性;最后,通过与其他典型的集成直流断路器功能的DC/DC拓扑进行对比分析,评估所提变换器的技术经济性。     

非隔离型模块化多电平DC/DC变换器的最小化桥臂环流控制

用于中高压直流电压转换和直流电网互联的高压大功率直流变压器一般采用中间交流变压器,存在损耗高和体积大等不足。对一种非隔离型的模块化多电平DC/DC变换器进行了研究,与普通双有源桥式DC/DC变换器相比,避免了交流变压器的存在。首先分析了此变换器的工作原理,建立了变换器的等效数学模型。考虑子模块电容电压存在特殊的不平衡,变换器需要引入交流循环电流,提出了一种保证桥臂功率均衡的最小化桥臂环流的控制策略,减小了桥臂电流的交流分量,降低了变换器的损耗。在Matlab/Simulink中仿真验证了变换器的性能和最小环流控制策略的有效性。最后搭建实验平台进行了实验验证。     

直流微网DC/DC变换器的虚拟直流电机控制策略研究

直流微网是小惯性系统,负荷频繁投切和新能源出力波动等因素都会影响母线电压的稳定。在直流微网系统中,往往通过储能单元维持系统功率平衡和母线电压稳定。针对储能端口双向DC/DC变换器,提出一种简化的虚拟直流电机控制方法,以增强系统的惯性和阻尼;建立虚拟直流电机控制的小信号模型,分析控制策略的稳定性和动态特性;对于动态响应初期母线电压的冲击性变化,提出输出电流前馈的小信号模型补偿方法,进一步平滑母线电压的动态过程;最后通过仿真分析验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

宽输入高增益隔离升压型DC/DC变换器

隔离升压型DC/DC变换器是一类可以将低压直流母线变换成高压直流母线并实现电气隔离的变换器的统称。该技术在新能源发电领域如燃料电池发电系统以及微逆变器系统中应用广泛,其研究热点是宽输入适应性、高增益和高效率功率变换。LLC谐振变换器很好地符合这些要求。为此,研究了基于全桥LLC谐振变换器的高增益隔离升压型DC/DC变换器,提出了单级式和两级式两种方案,单级式方案为输出稳压LLC谐振变换器,而两级式方案为Boost变换器级联输出不稳压LLC谐振变换器。分别提出了LLC谐振变换器在单级式和两级式方案中的基于最佳励磁电感的谐振腔参数设计方法,并且分别通过样机实验验证了所提出的设计方法的有效性。     

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component

A soft‐switching high step‐up DC‐DC converter with a single magnetic component is presented in this paper. The proposed converter can provide high voltage gain with a relatively low turn ratio of a transformer. Voltage doubler structure is selected for the output stage. Due to this structure, the voltage gain can be increased, and the voltage stresses of output diodes are clamped as the output voltage. Moreover, the output diode currents are controlled by a leakage inductance of a transformer, and the reverse‐recovery loss of the output diodes is significantly reduced. Two power switches in the proposed converter can operate with soft‐switching due to the reflected secondary current. The voltages across the power switches are confined to the clamping capacitor voltage. Steady‐state analysis, simulation, and experimental results for the proposed converter are presented to validate the feasibility and the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A half‐bridge resonant DC/DC converter with satisfactory soft‐switching characteristics

In this paper, a half‐bridge resonant DC/DC converter with constant output voltage is proposed, which possesses good soft‐switching characteristics. At rated operating point, the switches can operate almost without switching‐on and off losses. Further, at whole working range, both zero‐voltage‐switching mode of switches and zero‐current‐switching mode of diodes are maintained. Thus, the converter can achieve a high efficiency. Experimental results verify the low switching losses and high efficiency characteristics based on a 200 W prototype. System efficiency is as high as 96% and always above 90% when output power changes from 100% to 20%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of a ZVS PWM DC–DC converter for high gain applications

In this paper, a pulse width modulation DC‐DC converter with high step‐up voltage gain is proposed. The proposed converter achieves high step‐up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, coupled inductor, and voltage multiplier technique. The energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled in the proposed converter. Moreover, because both main and auxiliary switches can be turned on with zero‐voltage switching, switching loss can be reduced by soft‐switching technique. So the overall conversion efficiency is improved significantly. The theoretical steady‐state analyses and the operating principles of the proposed converter are discussed in detail for both continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. Finally, a laboratory prototype circuit of the proposed converter is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pulse current regenerative resonant snubber‐assisted two‐switch flyback‐type ZVS PWM DC‐DC converter

In this paper, a two‐switch high‐frequency flyback transformer‐type zero voltage soft‐switching PWM DC‐DC converter using IGBTs is proposed. Effective applications for this power converter can be found in auxiliary power supplies of rolling stock transportation and electric vehicles. This power converter is basically composed of two active power switches and a flyback high‐frequency transformer. In addition to these, two passive lossless snubbers with power regeneration loops for energy recovery, consisting of a three‐winding auxiliary high‐frequency transformer, auxiliary capacitors and diodes are introduced to achieve zero voltage soft switching from light to full load conditions. Furthermore, this power converter has some advantages such as low cost circuit configuration, simple control scheme, and high efficiency. Its operating principle is described and to determine circuit parameters, some practical design considerations are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed power converter is evaluated and compared with the hard switching PWM DC‐DC converter from an experimental point of view, and the comparative electromagnetic conduction and radiation noise characteristics of both DC‐DC power converter circuits are also depicted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(3): 74–81, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20081     

光伏发电系统前级宽输入DC/DC Boost变换器

峰值电流模式DC/DC Boost变换器输入电压范围较宽,适用于两级式光伏发电系统的前级。DC/DC Boost变换器的输入电压较低时,一般采用固定斜坡补偿来保证其稳定运行,低输入电压范围宽时,往往需要过补偿,无法达到设计功率。提出一种动态斜坡补偿的方法,使变换器在较宽输入电压下都能稳定工作且具有较高效率。40 W样机测试结果显示:输入电压在16~24 V的范围内,变换器均能稳定工作。     

用于混合动力汽车的三电平双向DC/DC变换器

将三电平技术应用到双向DC／DC装置中,可以提高混合动力汽车驱动系统中双向DC／DC装置的开关频率,为此提出了一种新的三电平双向DC／DC变换器拓扑。通过三电平拓扑和传统两电平拓扑电路的对比分析,得出了相同先决条件下这两种拓扑中开关管电压应力和电感电流可减小的幅度。最后通过仿真试验验证了分析结果。     

An interleaved high step‐up DC‐DC converter with double boost paths

This paper proposed a novel high step‐up converter with double boost paths. The circuit uses two switches and one double‐path voltage multiplier cell to own the double boost and interleaved effects simultaneously. The voltage gain ratio of the proposed DC‐DC converter can be three times the ratio of the conventional boost converter such that the voltage stress of the switch can be lower. The high step‐up performance is in accordance with only one double‐path voltage multiplier cell. Therefore, the number of diodes and capacitors in the proposed converter can be reduced. Furthermore, the interleaved property of the proposed circuit can reduce the losses in the rectifier diode and capacitor. The prototype circuit with 24‐V input voltage, 250‐V output voltage, and 150‐W output power is experimentally realized to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种混合开关电感和开关电容的高增益DC/DC变换器

针对传统Z源DC/DC变换器存在的输入电流不连续、输出电压增益不够高和功率器件电压应力较高等不足,利用开关电感和开关电容技术,提出了一种混合开关高增益DC/DC变换器。该变换器主电路中只用到1个储能电容,结构简单,与现有典型的高增益阻抗源DC/DC变换器相比,所提出的混合开关电感和开关电容的DC/DC变换器可以实现更高的输出电压增益,同时电容和开关器件的电压应力较低。详细分析了所提变换器的工作原理,通过在实验室中所建立的输入电压16～40 V、输出电压26～107 V和输出功率7～114 W的原型验证了其性能。     

Design method considering the frequency band of the disturbance in the DC link voltage control system of hybrid electric vehicle driving systems

DC link voltage variable systems with DC/DC converter are used in hybrid electric vehicles for improving the power of the system by boosting the DC link voltage. Voltage feedback control using only proportional compensator has been proposed as a control method for the DC/DC converter. The control system can be easily designed, but there is a possibility that a steady‐state error occurs in the DC link voltage. In this paper, a proportional integral compensator is proposed to eliminate the steady‐state error of the DC link voltage in DC link voltage feedback controllers. In addition, when designing the gain of the compensator, the frequency band of the disturbance is considered. The proposed method is verified through experiments on the downsizing model.     

Characteristic Analysis of a Micro DC‐DC Converter for Portable Electronic Devices and an Improvement of Transient Response Characteristic

This paper describes the characteristic analysis of a micro DC‐DC converter which integrates inductor, controller and switching devices, and the improvement of the transient response characteristic. The steady‐state operation and the efficiency characteristics of the micro DC‐DC converter are presented as experimental data. The static characteristics are theoretically analyzed with consideration of the DC current characteristics of the inductor. The load transient response characteristics of the micro DC‐DC converter are also analyzed experimentally and theoretically. In addition, the factors responsible for the overshoot and undershoot of the output voltage when the load changes are discussed. Finally, a clamp circuit for reducing the overshoot and undershoot of the output voltage when the load changes is proposed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(3): 56–64, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21081     

新型混合式高压直流输电DC/DC变换器

针对高压直流电网中现有DC/DC变换器拓扑在成本、效率方面的不足,提出了一种基于模块串联技术以及晶闸管、二极管串联技术的混合式DC/DC变换器拓扑,以实现高压直流电网中不同电压等级的互联。对该拓扑结构的工作原理、控制策略、元器件参数设计、经济性等方面进行了全面的分析论证。最后,在MATLAB中进行了仿真,验证了所提DC/DC变换器的可行性。