Direct voltage regulation of DC–DC buck converter in a wide range of operation using adaptive input–output linearization

In this paper, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed for voltage control of the DC–DC buck converter in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. The proposed controller is developed based on input–output linearization, which is robust and stable against converter load changes, input voltage variations, and parameter uncertainties. In the proposed approach, all the converter parameters, namely input voltage, load resistance, and other parasitic elements of the power circuit, are assumed to be uncertain and estimated using a suitable Lyapunov function. Using a stand‐alone TMS320F2810 digital signal processor from Texas Instruments, some simulations and experimental results are obtained to verify the proposed control approach. The results are in good agreement and prove the effectiveness and capability of the controller over a wide range of operations. Also, advantages of the designed nonlinear regulator are indicated in comparison with a pulse width modulation (PWM)‐based sliding mode controller. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

VSC-HVDC系统新型广义直流电压控制策略

建立了基于电压源换流器（VSC）的高压直流（HVDC）（VSC-HVDC）输电系统的标幺值数学模型。为了抑制系统故障时直流电压的波动幅度,基于上述模型,提出了一种新型广义直流电压控制策略。在此控制策略下,换流站间不需要通信,外环有功功率控制器为一个广义直流电压控制器（GDCVC）。当直流电压因交流系统受到扰动或直流电压控制器（DCVC）故障等原因而不能有效维持直流电压时,维持和限制直流电压的功能可平滑、自动地由有功功率控制器接替,从而达到保护设备安全运行、提高系统持续运行能力的目的。仿真表明,文中提出的控制策略在稳态和暂态过程中均具有良好的控制效果,对实际VSC-HVDC系统的控制器设计具有参考意义。     

A simple model for a thyristor-driven DC motor consideringcontinuous and discontinuous current modes

A simple model for a thyristor driven DC motor is rigorously established. The derivation is based on the machine equations and on the definition of a pseudoinstantaneous mean-value function. The influence of the converter on the voltage applied to the DC motor is considered. The final model includes all significant effects, has the same structure for continuous and discontinuous current conduction modes, and allows simple control synthesis. The model is compared to the classical model of a DC motor, and the differences are highlighted. It is shown that, with the proposed model, it it easy to understand the influence of a thyristor converter on the dynamic performance of a DC motor, and, therefore, it has a significant educational aspect. A dual-mode adaptive current controller is designed using this model. Experimental and simulation results are compared to validate the work     

四相开关磁阻电机新型T型功率变换器研究

为了扩大四相开关磁阻电机(SRM)驱动系统的输出功率范围,提出了一种新型不对称T型功率变换器。该功率变换器由改进的T型功率变换器和辅助电路构成:T型变换器为多电平电路,可使得电机绕组在多种模式下工作,控制灵活;辅助电路能够使直流侧分压电容在实现直流侧电压钳位的同时用作电机相电流上升及下降期间的电压抬升。对电机不同运行模式进行了详细分析,并对比了所提T型功率变换器与二极管中性点钳位(NPC)功率变换器的效率及成本。对SRM系统进行了仿真研究,结果表明所提新型T型功率变换器可提升SRM系统的转速及功率输出能力,提高系统整体效率,适用于电机高速运行场合。     

Design of a ZVS PWM DC–DC converter for high gain applications

In this paper, a pulse width modulation DC‐DC converter with high step‐up voltage gain is proposed. The proposed converter achieves high step‐up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, coupled inductor, and voltage multiplier technique. The energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled in the proposed converter. Moreover, because both main and auxiliary switches can be turned on with zero‐voltage switching, switching loss can be reduced by soft‐switching technique. So the overall conversion efficiency is improved significantly. The theoretical steady‐state analyses and the operating principles of the proposed converter are discussed in detail for both continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. Finally, a laboratory prototype circuit of the proposed converter is implemented to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于直流电压—有功功率特性的VSC-MTDC协调控制策略

提出了一种用于大规模海上风电并网时电压源换流器型多端直流(VSC-MTDC)输电系统的协调控制策略。以典型的五端直流输电系统为例,提出了基于本地控制器的换流站间协调控制策略,基于直流电压-有功功率调节特性给出了辅助换流站的改进下降控制策略以及定有功功率控制(APC)换流站的改进控制策略,分析了两换流站的工作模式,根据直流网络的潮流分布和最大最小运行方式给出了辅助换流站和APC换流站参数选择的依据。最后,PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证了在正常、主导换流站故障和辅助换流站故障工况下协调控制策略的有效性;仿真结果表明,该协调控制策略能够实现多端直流输电系统换流站间的有功功率分配,控制效果良好。     

双限幅功率协调控制器及其在多端直流系统中的应用

为了克服常规主从控制存在的功率主站丢失或达到其功率极限时,多端直流输电系统直流电压不受控以及常规下垂控制存在的正常运行时,各换流站无法精确控制其有功功率的缺陷,提出了一种双限幅功率协调控制器。该双限幅功率协调控制器包括一个上限幅环和一个下限幅环,上限幅环仅在直流电压高于某上限值时起作用并降低换流站整流方向上的有功功率,下限幅环仅在直流电压低于某下限值时起作用并降低换流站逆变方向上的有功功率。正常运行时,换流器直流端电压介于上限幅值和下限幅值之间,双限幅功率协调控制器输出被限幅至零,不起作用。文中进一步设计了连接风电场的VSC换流站功率协调控制。以一个四端口MTDC系统为例,仿真验证了双限幅功率协调控制器在不平衡功率指令、主站退出运行、风电功率波动工况下的有效性。研究结果表明,所提出的双限幅功率协调控制器综合了常规主从控制正常工作时各换流站能精确控制其有功功率以及常规下垂控制在功率失衡或故障工况下能够维持系统稳定性的优点,并克服了两种常规控制的缺陷。     

基于电压源型换流器的三端直流输电系统控制仿真研究

VSC-HVDC技术是指采用全控型功率半导体器件的电压源换流器的直流输电技术,致力于研究基于VSC换流器的高压直流输电以及三端直流输电系统的运行与控制问题.建立了VSC换流器静态模型并设计了PI控制器,分析了适用于VSC-MTDC的电压下降和主从式控制两种运行模式的特点,并由此设计了一种与有源网络以及无源网络相连的并联...     

A novel quasi‐Z‐source indirect matrix converter

A new type of three‐phase quasi‐Z‐source indirect matrix converter (QZS‐IMC) is proposed in this paper. It uses a unique impedance network for achieving voltage‐boost capability and making the input current in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to eliminate the input filter. The complete modulation strategy is proposed to operate the QZS‐IMC. Meanwhile, a closed‐loop DC‐link peak voltage control strategy is proposed, and the DC‐link peak voltage is estimated by measuring both the input and capacitor voltages. With this proposed technique, a high‐performance output voltage control can be achieved with an excellent transient performance even if there are input voltage and load current variations. The controller is designed by using the small‐signal model. Vector control scheme of the induction motor is combined with the QZS‐IMC to achieve the motor drive. A QZS‐IMC prototype is built in laboratory, and experimental results verify the operating principle and theoretical analysis of the proposed converter. The simulation tests of QZS‐IMC based inductor motor drive are carried out to validate the proposed converter's application in motor drive. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Single‐stage single‐switch PFC converter for wide‐input extreme step‐down voltage applications

This paper presents a new single‐stage single‐switch high power factor correction AC/DC converter suitable for low‐power applications (< 150 W) with a universal input voltage range (90–265 V_rms). The proposed topology integrates a buck–boost input current shaper followed by a buck and a buck–boost converter, respectively. As a result, the proposed converter can operate with larger duty cycles compared with the existing single‐stage single‐switch topologies, hence, making them suitable for extreme step‐down voltage conversion applications. Several desirable features are gained when the three integrated converter cells operate in discontinuous conduction mode. These features include low semiconductor voltage stress, zero‐current switch at turn‐on, and simple control with a fast well‐regulated output voltage. A detailed circuit analysis is performed to derive the design equations. The theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed approach are confirmed by experimental results obtained from a 100‐W/24‐V_dc laboratory prototype. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and control of a single switch wider step-down gain DC–DC converter for low-voltage applications

This paper presents a point-of-load transformerless DC–DC converter having a wider step-down conversion ratio. In comparison with quadratic/stacked buck converter variants, the presented topology exhibits nonpulsating source current, more effective switch utilization at small voltage gains, and reduced current stress on components. Its comprehensive steady-state analysis is carried out under continuous and discontinuous modes of inductor currents, and design criteria to select L-C components are established. State variable dependency feature in the topology, imposing a reduced fourth-order dynamics, is discussed and subsequently verified from its average model. A fixed frequency sliding mode controller is then designed with a step-by-step evaluation of sliding surface existence, reachability, and stability conditions. The equivalent control law devised in this scheme is duly constituted from source side inductor current dynamics and load voltage error information, so it facilitates simple realization as well as better transient response. Remarkable operational characteristics of the presented converter are studied analytically and demonstrated with experimental observations on a laboratory prototype.     

模块化多电平换流器的三轴解耦控制策略

通过对采用传统dq两轴解耦控制器的模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)的分析,揭示了直流端口电压和子模块电容电压的耦合效应,及其所引起的直流端口等效电容效应和子模块电容电压偏差效应.将上、下桥臂电压之和作为可变的直流内电势,并将直流电流作为新的内环状态量,提出了具有三个...     

A single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter for electrolytic capacitor‐less LED lighting applications

In this paper, a single‐stage integrated bridgeless AC/DC converter is proposed. As compared to its counterpart that is composed of totem‐pole boost power factor correction (PFC) cascade fly‐back DC/DC converter, the studied circuit has less components number while overcoming the limits of the totem‐pole type. Thus, it is suitable to the low‐power LED lighting applications. Furthermore, when both PFC inductors L_b and magmatic inductance L_m of the transformer TR1 operate at discontinuous current mode, the bus voltage v_CB can be used to decouple the ac input and constant dc output power. Thus, the approach of increasing bus voltage ripple is employed to eliminate electrolytic capacitors and obtain long operation lifetime. Additionally, it is able to be compatible with our studied twin‐bus configuration for increasing the overall efficiency. A 50‐W hardware prototype has been designed, fabricated, and tested in the laboratory to verify the proposed converter validity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count

This paper proposes a novel zero‐current‐switching series resonant high‐voltage DC–DC converter with reduced component count. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (insulated‐gate bipolar transistors, IGBTs), two resonant capacitors, and only one high‐voltage transformer (HVT) with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. The leakage inductances of the transformer's primary windings together with the resonant capacitors form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of the HVT is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the secondary voltage. The converter operates in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and its output voltage is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. Therefore, all the power switches turn on and off at the zero‐current switching condition. The main features of the proposed converter are its lower core loss, lower cost, and smaller size compared to previously proposed double series resonant high voltage DC–DC converters. The experimental results of a 130‐W prototype of the proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the excellent operation and performance of the converter. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

FPGA-based implementation of single-phase seven-level quasi-Z-source inverter

In this paper, a new single-phase seven-level quasi-Z-source (qZs) inverter with reduced switch count for multistring photovoltaic applications is proposed, which is capable of supplying both direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac) loads simultaneously. The proposed configuration is derived from a combination of qZs networks and asymmetrical seven-level inverter. The front-end qZs converter boosts the input voltage obtained from the dc sources to the desired value, whereas the asymmetrical seven-level inverter performs dc-ac conversion with reduced switch count and provides better efficiency. The steady-state performance of the model is evaluated in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) of operation. In addition, the dynamic performance of the model is tested for the load as well as input voltage changes. A simple proportional-integral (PI) controller is implemented in FPGA Spartan-6 Processor using Xilinx system generator blocks. An experimental prototype is also developed to validate the feasibility of the proposed topology. Finally, a brief comparative assessment is formulated with other topologies to show the merits of the proposed structure.     

Adaptive hysteresis band current control‐based power conditioner to improve the power quality of V/V railway supply system

With rapid development of high‐speed and high‐power railway systems, power quality problems such as negative sequence current, reactive power, and harmonic current caused by electric locomotives become more and more critical. Recently, a new low‐cost railway power conditioner has been proposed to solve the power quality problems in traction substations based on a half bridge converter. In this paper, an adaptive hysteresis current controller is presented to limit switching frequency variations in the half bridge converter‐based railway power compensators (HB‐RPC). Adaptive hysteresis current controller instantaneously calculates the hysteresis bandwidth which results in smoother and more constant switching frequency. In order to maintain the normal operation of HB‐RPC, compensation reference currents are extracted by considering DC‐link stabilization energy, DC‐link capacitors voltage balance, and instantaneous power theory. Also, a dynamic reference design approach has been used to regulate the DC‐link capacitor voltage. Finally, the simulation results in MATLAB\Simulink software have effectively verified the proposed control method.     

基于VSC的多端直流输电系统的控制策略

在换流器控制器设计中,采用基于输入输出反馈线性化策略的双闭环控制器结构和直流电压前馈补偿环节,既实现有功和无功的解耦控制,又改善了换流器交流侧的输出电压和电流波形.在多端系统稳定控制中,提出了多点直流电压控制策略,它提高了多端系统的功率平衡能力和运行的可靠性与经济性.文章对1个5端的电压源型直流输电( voltages...     

开关DC/DC变换器多级脉冲调节控制方法

提出了一种新型的开关DC/DC变换器控制方法--多级脉冲调节(MPA)控制方法.MPA控制器在每个开关周期起始时刻根据变换器的输出电压误差,在强弱等级不同的多级脉冲中选取一个作为该周期的有效控制信号.文中分析和讨论了MPA控制原理,研究了工作于电流断续模式的MPA控制Buck变换器的工作过程和小信号模型.分析结果表明,MPA控制具有优异的鲁棒性、瞬态特性和稳态特性.仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

基于离散演化映射的DC/DC变换器混合逻辑动态建模

针对传统DC/DC变换器模型存在计算量大、进行了大量近似、不能反映电流纹波特性等不足,有机结合哈密顿原理和混杂系统理论,提出基于离散演化映射的DC/DC变换器混合逻辑动态建模方法。以Buck变换器为例,首先采用变分积分器对其进行离散化得到离散演化映射模型,然后基于混杂系统理论将CCM和DCM模式进行统一,进而得到混合逻辑动态模型。结果表明,所建立模型计算量小、精确度高,能完整描述系统的各个工作状态且能反映电感电流纹波等动态特性,为DC/DC变换器建模方法提供了新的思路。     

A Multi-Functional Single-Stage Power Electronic Interface for Plug-In Electric Vehicles Application

This paper proposes a Zeta-derived non-isolated single-stage power electronic interface for on-board application of plug-in electric vehicles, which provides all modes (plug-in charging, propulsion, and regenerative braking) of vehicle operation. In addition, the proposed converter can charge the battery through universal input voltage range, i.e., 90–260 V due to buck/boost operations in plug-in charging mode. In propulsion and regenerative braking modes, the proposed converter operates as conventional boost and buck DC/DC converter, respectively. Compared to existing single-stage converters, the proposed converter has least components to those converters which have buck/boost operation in plug-in charging mode. A voltage/current stresses and loss analysis of the converter have been investigated for each mode of converter operation. Detailed simulation and experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed converter.