关于渤海上京城出土的两件琉璃脊件名称

脊饰是中国古代建筑屋顶上的一种特殊装饰件。中国历史博物馆陈列着两件黑龙江宁安县渤海上京城遗址出土的文物,琉璃鸱吻和兽头。鸱尾象征着一种传说中的海生动物的尾。对照实物结合古代建筑屋顶脊饰发展变化,渤海上京城出土的脊饰应该是早期的鸱尾而不应该叫做“琉璃鸱吻”。陈列在历史博物馆的另一件文物名“兽头”,这个“兽头”究竟是垂兽还是戗兽,有待进一步的研究。     

多层住宅坡屋面小青瓦铺筑施工

结合工程实例,介绍了小青瓦在南方多层住宅坡屋面上的应用和施工方法.由于采用了先做屋脊后铺屋面瓦的施工工艺,节约了工期,又保证了屋面的整体美观.由于施工过程中采用了合理的方法和严格的质量控制,保证了工程质量,这对于同类工程有借鉴作用.     

从《营造法式》到《清工部工程做法则例》屋面坡度设计方法比较

本文通过对宋代的《营造法式》和清代的《清工部工程做法则例》两部巨著中的屋面坡度设计方法比较,来寻找我国古建筑屋面的设计方法,从而探寻中国古建筑曲线形屋面形成的规律。首先给出两部巨著中的设计方法,然后把宋式的方法换算成清式的方法,对两者的结果进行比较,最后得出本文的结论。     

某学校后勤用房屋面防水保温施工

某学校后勤用房的防水保温屋面,在钢筋混凝土屋面板上,根据各部位使用功能的不同采用相应的屋面做法,包括不上人保温屋面和上人保温屋面,均采用了SBS改性沥青防水卷材(屋面底层防水),热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)防水卷材(屋面面层防水)组成的双层防水保温系统。文章分别介绍了两种双层防水保温屋面的设计及施工要点。     

中西传统建筑装饰艺术浅析与启示

本文以中国传统建筑装饰艺术与西方古代建筑装饰艺术两者之间的对比展开,通过从装饰色彩、装饰图案、装饰手法等方面对它们进行比较与分析,发现其中的联系,以此引入新的视角,为中国建筑装饰艺术文化的传承和发展提供启示和借鉴。     

浅析一体成型装饰屋面施工技术在增城万达项目应用

本文以增城万达广场项目实施一体成型装饰屋面施工为例,结合建筑物本身结构及构造性能,满足了建筑屋面的装饰性能要求,从而加快了屋面工程施工进度,并重点介绍了其技术特点、施工工艺特点、节能效益等。     

中国古代建筑屋顶上的吻兽

针对中国古代建筑屋顶的造型特点,就屋顶的一种特殊饰件——吻兽进行了探究,分别对正吻和脊兽作了具体描述,并总结了吻兽的功能及象征性,以使人们对古代建筑屋顶造型有更深入的了解。     

Improvement of the performance of traditional stone roofs by wind driven rain experimental tests

Traditional stone roofs have been used in western alpine area for centuries, and they still characterize the identity of the local environment.The present use of historical housing requests them to be as efficient as modern ones, in different cases: in the zones and villages where they are preserved, but also where ancient roofs are often replaced with new coverings, realized with modern products and materials.This paper describes the water tightness of roof coverings and illustrates the principal constructive elements which influence the behaviour of traditional stone roofing.The report discusses the results of wind driven rain experimental tests carried out by means of a closed wind tunnel on stone roofs made of gneiss slates, built diagonally according to a traditional technique which is very common at the moment in the area taken into consideration.Special attention is paid to the project criteria and construction techniques which can easily be applied to improve the water tightness. If such criteria and techniques were adopted, they could enable stone roofs to be as efficient as modern roof coverings made of small industrial elements (e.g. tiles).     

夏热冬暖地区轻型绿化屋面隔热性能研究

绿化屋面能够改善屋面的隔热性能,提高热室热舒适度.而轻型绿化屋面具有成本低、重量轻、建造容易、维护简单等优点.通过轻型绿化屋面与普通屋面实测对比分析的方法,研究轻型绿化屋面的隔热性能.通过对2种屋面温度波变化情况以及与室外天气参数相关性的研究,得出了轻型绿化屋面的隔热效果非常显著的结论.     

Der Bogen im Dach – Zur Entwicklung des weitgespannten Daches 1770–1840 unter dem Einfluß des frühen Bauingenieurwesens

The arched roof: A contribution towards the history of the engineered long‐span roof, 1770–1840. The quest for long‐span structures – not only in bridge building, but also in roof construction – facilitated the establishment of civil engineering as a scientific discipline around 1800. At that time, the traditional solutions available to carpenters for the long‐span roofing problem had reached a critical threshold that could not be surmounted. Therefore, experimentation and search for new structural systems set in. This search ultimately resulted in the ubiquitious use of trusses in the modern sense of the word. However, the way towards the truss was not a straight one, but, intermediately, the massive arch was preferred as a structural component both in timber and iron roofs. The present paper discusses the introduction of the arch into the roof – remarkably independent of the material employed –, its incipient scientific analysis, and its ultimate replacement by the truss. In particular, we discuss several well‐known, as well as little‐known, arched roofs, and we describe the structural analysis of arched and roofs up to the work of the French engineer Ardant, which ultimately led to the disappearance of the massive arch from the roof and to the victory of the truss.