The adsorption isotherms of M2+ ions (M = Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba) were determined at pH 7.0 and at different temperatures. The adsorbent, δ-MnO2, was converted to the K+ form prior to adsorption and about 1.5 mol K+ ions were released per mol of M2+ ions adsorbed. The adsorption capacity at a given temperature increased in the series: Mg2+ < Ca2+ ≦ Sr2+ < Ba2+. This was explained by an ion exchange mechanism between hydrated ions: K+ ions in the outer Helmholtz layer and M2+ ions in the bulk of the solution. The radii of the hydrated ions decreased in the series: Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Sr2+ > Ba2+. The adsorption of M2+ ions at pH values below the point of zero charge (pH 3.3) was significant for Mg2+ ions only. Although adsorption was not strictly reversible, the results fitted the Langmuir isotherm and ‘apparent heats of adsorption’, Q, were calculated. The endothermic heats (Q = 20,18, 11 and 5 kJ mol?1 for Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ adsorption respectively) indicated positive entropy contributions which are expected for the adsorption mechanism suggested. The decrease in Q down the alkaline-earth group was correlated to the entropy effects and to the hydration numbers of the cations. 相似文献
Aminoalkyl celluloses (AmACs) were prepared from 6-chlorodeoxycellulose and aliphatic diamines H2N(CH2)mNH2 (m = 2, 4, 6, 8). Their adsorption and desorption of divalent heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and their mixtures were also investigated in detail. Adsorption of metal ions on AmACs was remarkably affected by the pH of the solution, the metal ion and its initial concentration, and also the number of methylene units in the diamines. No adsorption of metal ions occurred on AmACs in strongly acidic solutions. However, metal ions were adsorbed rapidly on AmACs from weakly acidic solutions and the amount of adsorption increased with increasing pH. The effectiveness of AmACs as adsorbents decreased with increasing length of the methylene moiety, and AmACs from ethylenediamine (m = 2) was most effective. The adsorption of metal ions on AmACs was in the order Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+. Accordingly, their behavior followed the Irving-Williams series and Cu2+ ions were preferentially adsorbed from solutions containing metal ion mixtures. The adsorbed ions were easily desorbed from the AmACs by stirring in 0.1 M HCl. 相似文献
The removal of benzene, toluene and p-xylene (BTX) compounds from aqueous solutions with highly crosslinked cationic starch containing tertiary amine groups was investigated. The adsorption process has found to be initial pH- and initial concentration-dependent, endothermic, and follows the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The heats of adsorption (ΔH) at initial pH = 4 of benzene, toluene and p-xylene compounds are 29.45 kJ mol?1, 34.41 kJ mol?1, and 35.58 kJ mol?1, respectively, those at initial pH = 10 are 30.17 kJ mol?1, 35.56 kJ mol?1, and 39.39 kJ mol?1, respectively. The order of the amount of adsorbed BTX compounds on the adsorbent is benzene > toluene > p-xylene. 相似文献
Herein, 3D flower-like δ-MnO2, MXene and δ-MnO2/MXene in-situ hybrid (IH) composites were prepared (via hydrothermal and solution treatment methods) for the effective removal of Cr (VI) from the contaminated water. The effect of various experimental parameters including contact time, pH levels and initial Cr (VI) ions concentration was determined and compared under static conditions. The kinetics of Cr (VI) adsorption onto δ-MnO2, MXene, and IH confirmed the existence of a pseudo-second-order model. The obtained results reveal that the removal of Cr (VI) largely depends on the pH of the solution. The adsorption isotherm data fits best for Freundlich model, illustrating a multi-site adsorption mechanism of Cr (VI) ion on these adsorbents. The maximum Cr (VI) adsorption capacities onto δ-MnO2, MXene and IH are 235.65 mg g−1, 273.1 mg g−1 and 353.87 mg g−1, respectively. The study reveals that hetero-engineered approach of synthesizing transition metal oxides with MXenes provides abundant opportunities to remove contaminants from water with better efficiency due to reduction and electrostatic interaction. 相似文献
The interaction between MnO2 (I.C.S. No. 5), in the Na+ form and 54Mn2+-labelled solution at pH 6 involves: a rapid process assumed to be Na+/Mn2+ ion-exchange and a slower process assumed to involve the exchange between Mn2+ ions in solution and Mn ions in a surface phase. The activation parameters ΔH# and ΔS# were found to be 52 and 83 kJ mol?1 and ?130 and ?63 J mol?1 for the two processes respectively. Exposing the solid to a flux of moderated neutrons had no effect on the rate of the second process. The exchange of Mn ions from the solid to the solution was demonstrated using 56Mn-labelled solid and inactive Mn2+ solution. There was evidence of a still slower process. 相似文献
Chelating terpolymer resin was synthesized and characterized by elemental, physico-chemical, spectral, SEM, XRD, and GPC to elucidate the structure and properties of the terpolymer. Ion-exchange analysis involving evaluation of metal ion uptake in different electrolyte concentrations, pH, and time have been studied to assess the retention capacities of the terpolymer for the metal ions viz. Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+. The adsorption isotherm was evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models and the results were found best fitting with each other. The resin can be successfully used in the field of recovery of metal ions from effluents and contaminated water. 相似文献
Abstract For the functional enhancement of chelating resins containing carboxylic acids, copolymer beads were prepared by suspension polymerization of styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and divinylbenzene (DVB) in the presence of toluene as diluent. The phenyl rings of the beads were directly chloromethylated, and the carboxylic ester groups of the beads were converted into hydroxymethyl groups by reduction followed by chlorination to give chloromethyl groups, respectively. The chelating resins containing a pair of neighboring carboxylic acid groups (NCAGs) were obtained by the alkylation of chloromethyl groups in copolymer beads with diethyl malonate in the presence of sodium hydride followed by hydrolysis using aqueous alkali solution. Accordingly, the structural effects of the resins on the adsorption of heavy metal ions were investigated. Poly(St‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin containing NCAGs showed adsorption abilities toward heavy metal ions like Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+, whereas poly(MMA‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin containing NCAGs showed adsorption abilities toward heavy metal ions like Cu2+, Cd2+, and Co2+. On the other hand, poly(St‐co‐MMA‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin containing NCAGs showed adsorption abilities toward heavy metal ions like Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Co2+, and Cu2+: a synergistic effect on the adsorption of heavy metal ions like Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Co2+ was observed. The adsorption ability of poly(St‐co‐MMA‐co‐DVB)‐based chelating resin among three kinds of chelating resins was relatively good. 相似文献
Ozonation of citric acid in water catalyzed by different ions from the first row of transition metals (Mn2+, Co2+, Ti4+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+) was investigated at room temperature. The results showed that at pH=2, where the decomposition of citric acid is negligible by only ozone, the following order of efficiency of metallic ions for the decomposition of citric acid by ozone, and also for the TOC removal, was obtained: Mn2+ > Co2+ > Ti4+ > Fe2+. Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ showed negligible efficiency under the same experimental conditions. At pH=5.5, Mn2+ and Co2+ showed slightly higher efficiency than at pH=2 while Ti4+ and Fe2+ showed insignificant effect at this pH value. On the other hand, at pH=7 the investigated catalysts showed no obvious catalytic efficiency for the decomposition of citric acid by ozone. 相似文献
The adsorption behaviour of Cu2+ and Cd2+ onto bentonite was studied as a function of temperature under optimized conditions of amount of adsorbent, particle size, pH, concentration of metals, and shaking time. The adsorption patterns of metal ions onto followed the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. This included adsorption isotherms of single-metal solutions at 298-333 K by batch experiments. The thermodynamic parameters such as variation of enthalpy ΔH, variation of entropy ΔS and variation of Gibbs free energy ΔG were calculated from the slope and intercept of lnKo vs. 1 / T plots. The adsorptions were endothermic reactions. The results suggested that natural bentonite was suitable as sorbent material for the recovery and adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
The macroreticular chelating resins containing both polyethylenepolyamine side chains and mercapto groups were prepared by the reaction of 2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene macroreticular copolymer beads with polyethylene-polyamine. The adsorption behavior of metal ions on the obtained resins was then investigated. The amination of the macroreticular copolymer beads could effectively be carried out by treatment of the polymer beads with polyethylenepolyamine in organic solvent (benzene, terahydrofuran) or in the absence of organic solvent at 80°C or 100°C for 60 min. It was found that the adsorption capacity of the resins for metal ions is not only affected by the ion exchange capacity of the resins but also by the porosity of the resins. Hg2+, Ag+, and Cu2+ were effectively adsorbed on the resins even at a pH below 3, whereas Co2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ were adsorbed at a pH above 3, Mn2+ at a pH above 7, and Ca2+ at a pH above 8. These metal ions adsorbed on the resins could easily be eluted with dilute mineral acid solution or dilute mineral acid solution containing thiourea. 相似文献
Abstract An electron beam grafted adsorbent was synthesized by post irradiation grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) on to a non‐woven thermally bonded polypropylene (PP) sheet using 2 MeV electron beam accelerator. The grafted poly(acrylonitrile) chains were chemically modified to convert a nitrile group to an amidoxime (AMO) group, a chelating group responsible for metal ion uptake from an aqueous solution. The effect of various experimental variables viz. dose, dose rate, temperature, and solvent composition on the grafting extent was investigated. PP grafted with the amidoxime group (AMO‐g‐PP) was tested for its suitability as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions such as Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Cd2+ from aqueous solution. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to investigate the type of adsorption of these ions. The adsorption capacities of the adsorbent for the metal ions were found to follow the order Cd2+>Co2+>Ni2+>Mn2+. The kinetics of adsorption of these ions indicated that the rate of adsorption of Cd2+ was faster than that of other ions studied. 相似文献
The surface activity of commercial and experimental carbon blacks varying in particle size and primary aggregate structure was investigated with regard to surface roughness and energetic surface structure of primary particles. The energetic surface structure was described by the site energy distribution function f(Q), which was determined mainly from the gas adsorption isotherms of ethene. It was found that the surface of carbon black was energetically very heterogeneous. It consisted of at least four different adsorption sites (I: Q ≈ 16 kJ · mol?1; II: Q ≈ 20 kJ · mol?1; III: Q ≈ 25 kJ · mol?1; IV: Q ≈ 30 kJ · mol?1). The fraction of the sites I–IV depended on the production process of the carbon black grades and the particle size. For the furnace blacks, the fraction of high‐energy sites decreased significantly with particle size and disappeared almost completely during graphitisation. This indicates that the reinforcing potential of carbon black is closely related to the amount of highly energetic sites that can be well quantified by the applied gas adsorption technique. The surface roughness was characterised by the surface fractal dimension, Ds, which was determined by two different techniques: the yardstick‐method and the extended Frenkel‐Halsey‐Hill‐theory (fractal FHH‐theory). It is found that the furnace blacks have an almost equal roughness with a surface fractal dimension of Ds ≈ 2.6 beyond a length scale z ≈ 6 nm. This result is shown to be in fair agreement with analytical models and computer simulations of surface growth of carbon black in a furnace reactor.
The α- and γ-phases of MnO2 prepared by electrolysis of MnSO4 and MxSO4 (where M = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+ or Mg2+) in aqueous solutions at various pH and voltage Ev values under ambient conditions have been systematically studied. The structures of powdery MnO2 produced are found to depend on the radius of the Mz+ counter cation in addition to the pH and Ev conditions. In order to achieve the α-phase for MnO2 formation under neutral pH condition, the radius of counter cation must be equal to or greater than 1.41 Å, the size of the K+ cation. The relative concentration ratio of [MnO4−]transient/[Mn2+], which is related to the pH-Ev conditions, also affects the structure of MnO2 produced with counter ions smaller than K+. For samples prepared in acidified solution with the counter ions of Li+, Na+ or Mg2+ at 2.2 V, the electrolysis products display the γ-MnO2 phase while those prepared at 2.8 V electrolysis produce a mixture of γ-MnO2 and α-MnO2 phases. Single phase of α-MnO2 is identified in the 5 V electrolysis products. Furthermore, the valence state of manganese was found to decrease as the applied voltage was reduced from 5.0 to 2.2 V. This implies that the lower [MnO4−]transient/[Mn2+] ratio or the less oxidative condition is responsible for the non-stoichiometric MnO2 structure with oxygen deficiency. 相似文献