低温制备金红石型纳米TiO2粉体

利用TiCl4低温水解法,添加TiO2溶胶制备了纳米TiO2粉体.用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和激光粒度仪研究了制备的纳米TiO2粉体的晶型、形貌、晶粒尺寸及粒径分布.结果表明:所得纳米TiO2粉体原始沉淀为金红石型,其粒径为10 nm左右的棒状粒子,经500℃煅烧2h,获得结晶完整、球形、粒径分布很窄的纳米TiO2粉体,其平均粒径为34 nm,粒径分布范围为20～50 nm.     

TiCl4水解法制备纳米TiO2粉体

以TiCl4为原料,采用低温液相水解法制备了纳米TiO2粉体,着重研究了Ti4 的浓度和添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(Polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP)对产物的晶相、颗粒大小和表面形貌的影响.使用XRD,TEM,SEM,激光粒度测试仪对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Ti4 浓度影响TiO2粉体的相转变温度,随着Ti4 浓度的升高金红石相的含量逐渐升高,但粉体分散性变差;添加PVP提高了所得TiO2粉体的分散性,粒径降低为40～50 nm左右,并改善了粉体的形貌.     

沉淀法制备TiO2纳米粉体和微波干燥的研究

以TiCl4 和NH3· H2O为原料,采用沉淀法制备TiO2纳米粉体,利用XRD、TEM、DTA等分析测试手段对所得TiO2粉体的晶相组成、粒径分布等性质进行了研究,发现微波处理10min后,在700℃加热30min即可得到平均粒径小于35nm的TiO2 纳米粉体.     

沉淀法制备TiO2纳米粉体的研究

以TiCl4 和NH3*H2O为原料, 采用沉淀法制备TiO2纳米粉体, 利用XRD, TEM和DTA等测试手段对所得TiO2粉体的晶相组成、粒径分布等性质进行研究, 讨论晶粒尺寸, 物相组成与原料浓度, pH值, 干燥方法等因素之间的关系.结果表明原料浓度为0.3 mol/L, pH＝7时, 微波处理10 min后, 在700 ℃加热30 min即可得到平均粒径小于35 nm, 颗粒分布均匀, 团聚少的金红石型TiO2 纳米粉体.     

纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的可控水解制备与研究

以TiCl4为原料,采用可控水解法制备了TiO2光催化剂,探讨了体系的pH值、温度、浓度等对TiO2催化活性的影响,并通过XRD和TEM对优化条件下制备的产品的晶型和形貌做了表征。结果表明:当溶液pH值为6、体系温度在15℃、四氯化钛和乙醇的体积比为1︰3时,得到的TiO2为锐钛矿型,平均粒径在13nm左右,且分散性能好、催化活性高。     

一种分散的纳米TiO2的制备

采用微波干燥较好地控制了溶胶一凝胶制备纳米TiO2过程中的硬团聚，制备出了一种分散性较好的纳米TiO2。用差热分析、热重分析对制备过程进行了分析，用X射线衍射及透射电镜对粉体进行了表征。结果表明．前驱体经500℃煅烧可得到平均粒径为15nm左右的锐钛型纳米TiO2，经750℃煅烧后，可得到平均粒径为65nm左右的金红石型纳米TiO2。     

幻彩型人工氟金云母钛珠光颜料制备工艺的研究

利用液相沉积法对不同粒径的氟金云母钛珠光颜料制备工艺进行了研究。探讨了反应温度、TiCl4浓度、TiCl4加料速度对幻彩系列颜料珠光效果的影响以及TiCl4用量与颜料幻彩颜色的对应关系。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察云母钛珠光颜料的表面TiO2膜形貌。研究结果表明:在反应温度为78℃、TiCl4浓度为1.5～2.0 mol/L时得到珠光颜料光泽好,其表面包覆的TiO2膜平整、连续、致密、粒径在40 nm左右。氟金云母的平均粒径越小,TiCl4的最佳加料速度越快。制备同一色彩珠光颜料时,不同粒径的氟金云母所需包覆的TiO2量以单位比表面积计基本相同,所以在颜料色彩相同情况下,只要测得氟金云母的比表面积,即可推算出不同粒径云母所需包覆的TiO2量。     

CaO-ZrO2纳米粉体的制备和表征

采用醇-水法和柠檬酸络合法制备了CaO-ZrO2粉体,用XRD和TEM等手段对粉体的结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:醇-水法所得粉体的粒径在70nm左右,基本无团聚体存在;至800℃时,晶粒已经发育完好,与固相法相比,其合成温度降低了600℃左右;晶型结构为四方晶型,无单斜相存在.而柠檬酸络合法所得粉体中含有大量单斜相.将醇-水法所得粉体加入到BaTiO3中,进行烧结实验,与固相法合成的CaO-ZrO2粉体相比,它使BaTiO3的烧结温度降低了20℃左右.     

微乳液-直接沉淀法合成纳米BaTiO_3粉体

以TiCl4、BaCl2和NaOH为原料,在CTAB/正丁醇/正己烷/盐水构成的微乳液中采用直接沉淀法制备了纳米BaTiO3。考查了[OH-]/[Ti4+]比值对纳米钛酸钡收率及水油比对纳米钛酸钡结构的影响实验结果表明:BaTiO3收率随[OH-]/[Ti4+]比值的增加而增大,当[OH-]/[Ti4+]=6.0时,BaTiO3收率为72.4%;水油比(W/O)为3∶1时,生成产物主要以无定形为主,当W/O≤1时,所得BaTiO3的晶体特征峰非常明显。所得产物经XRD、FT-IR、TEM检测,证明该产物为纳米BaTiO3粉体,粒径范围在50nm左右。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3微粉

以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铋、醋酸钠和冰醋酸为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶工艺得到透明凝胶,经干燥后煅烧成(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3微粉。通过对溶胶体系水/醇盐的摩尔比、初始pH值及胶凝温度对(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3凝胶体系溶胶-凝胶形成过程影响的研究,发现水/醇盐比R在35≤R≤60,pH在2.2~3.5,反应温度在40~60℃时,能够得到透明的溶胶;通过TG-DTA、SEM、X-ray等分析手段对(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3粉体进行测试,表明在650℃合成1h可以得到单一钙钛矿(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3晶体;采用TEM对(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3干凝胶粉体分析其粒径大小约为10nm。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.