聚乙二醇对非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜结构及性能的影响

采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备了多孔TiO2光催化薄膜.用紫外光照甲基橙的降解实验研究了聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)分子量和添加量对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响.应用场发射扫描电镜分析了薄膜的显微结构与其光催化性能的关系.结果表明:当PEG的相对分子量为1 000,PEG与TiCl4的摩尔比为0.1时,薄膜的比表面积大,薄膜颗粒细小,薄膜中存在均匀分布的大量微小孔隙,其光催化性能最佳.PEG的分子量和加入量过高或过低均会降低薄膜的光催化性能.当PEG的分子量过小或其加入量过少时,TiO2薄膜显微结构的特点是晶粒粗、孔隙数量多和孔径大.PEG的分子量过大或加入量过多,薄膜的颗粒细小,但前者导致薄膜致密而后者又促使薄膜多孔.     

稀土元素掺杂对TiO2相组成和光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在釉面砖上制备了均匀的TiO2光催化薄膜,并研究了稀土元素掺杂对TiO2相结构和光催化性能的影响.     

氧供体醇对非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜结构及性能的影响

以TiCl4为前驱体,聚乙二醇为添加剂,分别采用无水甲醇、无水乙醇和无水异丙醇为氧供体,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2薄膜。应用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜和光照甲基橙的降解实验研究了氧供体醇种类对TiO2溶胶的胶凝时间、TiO2薄膜显微结构和光催化活性的影响。结果表明:当乙醇为氧供体时,TiO2溶胶的胶凝时间最长,甲醇次之,异丙醇最短。相对于甲醇和异丙醇为氧供体,以无水乙醇为氧供体时,TiO2薄膜中所含无定形含量最少,具有光催化作用的锐钛矿含量最多,薄膜呈现均匀的多孔结构,光催化性能最佳。     

搪瓷表面TiO2薄膜的制备和光催化性能表征

以搪瓷表面为载体,在常温下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛(TiO2)薄膜,研究使用未添加聚乙二醇(PEG)的溶胶和添加少量PEG的溶胶制备出的薄膜在催化性能上的区别.结果表明,薄膜在450℃热处理1h后,具有完整的锐钛矿相和良好的光催化性能;使用添加少量PEG的溶胶制备的薄膜,其光催化能力更好.     

TiO2薄膜和多孔薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征

本文以钛酸丁酯[Ti（OC4H9）4]、去离子水、盐酸和聚乙二醇（PEG）1000为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和旋转涂膜工艺,在玻璃基底上制备纳米TiO2薄膜和TiO2多孔薄膜.利用原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和紫外-可见光谱仪（UV-Vis）对薄膜进行分析表征.结果表明,实验制备的TiO2粉体为锐钛矿晶型,纳米TiO2薄膜的平均粗糙度为17.2nm,TiO2多孔薄膜平均粗糙度为1.55 nm.TiO2多孔薄膜有较高的透射性和光催化活性,可直接用于光催化降解有机物等领域.     

稀土掺杂对TiO2-SiO2薄膜晶相转变及性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在釉面砖上制备了均匀的稀土离子La3+掺杂和ce4+掺杂的TiO2-SiO2,光催化薄膜.应用X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外可见分光光度计研究了La3+掺杂和ce4+掺杂对TiO2-SiO2,薄膜晶相转变、光催化性能及亲水性能的影响,用紫外光照射亚甲基蓝的光催化降解实验比较了不同薄膜的光催化性能.结果表明:La3+掺杂后,抑制了TiO2-SiO2薄膜中的TiO2,从锐钛矿向金红石相的晶型转变,显著提高了TiO2-SiO2,薄膜的光催化性能,也提高了其亲水性能;ce4+掺杂后,则促进了TiO2-SiO2,薄膜中TiO2从锐钛矿向金红石相的晶型转变,同时降低了薄膜的光催化性能.     

PEG对二氧化钛薄膜微观结构和光催化性能的影响

用聚乙二醇(PEG)1000作为添加剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛薄膜,通过改变PEG的含量得到不同微观结构的薄膜,进而研究了PEG的含量对二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:在30 mL钛溶液中加入O g、O.3 g、O.6 g和0.9 g(PEG) 1000制备的薄膜中均主要含有锐钛矿型二氧化钛晶粒,其中溶胶中加入0.6g(PEG) 1000制成的TiO2多孔薄膜孔穴均匀分布,薄膜的表面平均粗糙度为9.11 nm,光催化性能最高,在180 min内对罗丹明B的降解率达到90.6％.     

常压干燥制备TiO_2-SiO_2复合气凝胶的结构与性能

以TiCl4和工业水玻璃为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,用三甲基氯硅烷/乙醇/正己烷混合溶液处理改性湿凝胶,通过常压干燥制备高比表面积和孔体积的TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶。用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller法分析表征样品的形貌、微观结构和气凝胶孔的性能,研究复合气凝胶对罗丹明B(RhodamineB,RhB)的光催化降解性能,探讨二氧化硅含量对TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶结构性能的影响。结果表明:随着硅含量的增加,所得TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶的最可几孔径逐渐减小,比表面积和光催化活性先增大后减小;当摩尔比n(Ti):n(Si)=4:1时,制备的气凝胶比表面积为893m2/g,对30mL浓度为10-4mol/LRhB溶液的最终光催化降解率达到99%,优于锐钛矿TiO2粉末的。     

科技简迅

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/活性炭复合体以钛酸丁酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,通过盐酸抑制水解的溶胶-凝胶技术制备了TiO2/活性炭复合体,研究了TiO2溶胶粘度、钛酸丁酯与活性炭质量比、溶胶中TiO2的质量分数及热处理温度对TiO2/活性炭复合体光催化活性的影响。用热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、     

TiO2薄膜和多孔薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征

本文以钛酸丁酯[Ti(OC4H9)4]、去离子水、盐酸和聚乙二醇(PEG)1000为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和旋转涂膜工艺,在玻璃基底上制备纳米TiO2薄膜和TiO2多孔薄膜。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)对薄膜进行分析表征。结果表明,实验制备的TiO2粉体为锐钛矿晶型,纳米TiO2薄膜的平均粗糙度为17.2nm,TiO2多孔薄膜平均粗糙度为1.55 nm。TiO2多孔薄膜有较高的透射性和光催化活性,可直接用于光催化降解有机物等领域。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。