不同厂家生产的变压器油油品性能分析

目前，我公司(深圳供电分公司)110kV及以上变压器使用的变压器油有以下4种：进口变压器油(包括：三菱、ABB进口变压器油)、新疆克拉玛依25号变压器油、兰州炼油厂25号变压器油和瑞典尼纳斯公司生产的型号为Nytro 10GBX变压器油。     

变压器油的正确选择与使用

介绍了变压器油的主要性质与使用的关系，并根据变压器油在变压器中所起的作用．以及变压器所处的环境来正确选择和使用变压器油。     

变压器绝缘材料（29）

4.2不燃油或高燃点油早在1929年英国斯旺(Swan)公司就开发了阿斯卡雷尔(Askarel)不燃油,其主要成分是聚氯联苯(PCB),如三氯联苯、六氯联苯。PCB有很高的化学稳定性和电气强度,但PCB有毒。自1970年以来,美国、日本和欧洲各国均明令禁止使用和销售这种油,并对PCB变压器进行无害化处理,且对不燃油和高燃点油提出了一定的要求:(1)无毒,对人和环境无害。(2)对变压器所用的材料如硅钢片、铜及纸板有很好的相容性。(3)其电气和热工性能与变压器油相似,不致影响变压器的绝缘性和冷却性。(4)高燃点油的燃点要比变压器油高一倍。(5)最好具有再充…     

组合式变压器的保护问题

组合式变压器(俗称美式箱变)是一种将高压负荷开关、插入式熔断器、后备保护熔断器、变压器器身和无励磁分接开关等电器元件组合在一个密封的油箱内,由变压器油作为绝缘介质的一种新型变压器。组合式变压器高压回路和变压器器身组装在油箱内,高压回路进线和操作在高压室内进行。低压回路一般由低压断路器、电流互感器与测量计量仪表等低压元件组成,安装在低压室内。     

江苏中电输配电设备有限公司（耐高温液变分公司）

江苏中电输配电设备有限公司耐高温液变分公司系国家级企业集团——中电电气集团的全资子公司，是美国杜邦公司、DSI公司在中国的战略合作伙伴，共同研制开发具有国际先进水平的各类电力变压器。主导产品有：耐高温配变，35kV、110kV系列油变，液浸式主变，耐高温整流变压器，耐高温地埋式变压器等。     

变压器饼式绕组采用小油道的探讨

变压器饼式绕组采用小油道的探讨徐肖廉（常州变压器厂）近几年，小于４．５ｍｍ的小油道的应用技术从国外引进后，国内许多厂家开始大量应用。使用小油道可大幅度降低变压器的材料消耗。降低损耗，为研制新一代节能产品打下了良好的基础。但不少人对饼式绕组使用小油道后...     

变压器用丙烯酸酯、丁腈橡胶制品性能及经济分析

变压器渗漏油问题一直是困扰变压器安全运行的一个老大难问题。造成变压器渗漏油主要有密封件材料、质量、密封结构、安装使用等方面原因,其中以密封件质量尤为突出。为此,我公司自1996年成立以来,就致力于开发和生产完全能满足输变电设备(以变压器为主)密封要求的密封件。时至今日,我公司已开发、生产出8个胶种十几个大类近1万种规格的产品,其中以丙烯酸酯、丁腈橡胶为主体材料的变压器密封件占到了销售总量的80％。现就丙烯酸酯(ACM)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)产品的特性及经济成     

变压器油吸附处理及其对提高变压器绝缘的作用

介绍一起变压器油介损超标和吸附处理的全过程，通过处理前后高压电气试验时比分析，证明了吸附剂处理时改善变压器油质、提升变压器绝缘的显著效果。     

干式变压器接地线穿越铁心引发烧损故障

干式变压器与油浸变压器相比，具有免维护、占地小、防火性能好等优点，尤其适用于建筑内部安装。随着工艺与材料的技术进步，干式变压器的应用比例日益提高。干式变压器安装时有一些特殊的注意事项，本文介绍一起由安装时布线错误引起的干式变压器铁心接地线烧损故障。     

探讨SF6气体变压器的应用

介绍了香港电灯公司使用SF6气体变压器的情况，比较了气体变压器与油变压器的优缺点，提出了使用气体变压器的必要性和可能性。     

Transformer fluids

Historically, the standard fluids used in transformers were low-viscosity, petroleum-based oils. For many years, askarels, made up of a group of synthetic, fire-resistant fluids, were used in applications where flammable mineral oils were not desired or acceptable. These askarals, which were aromatic hydrocarbons known as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), fell into disfavor owing to environmental concerns. The transformer industry turned first to dimethyl silicone fluids and then to less flammable hydrocarbons, such as high-molecular-weight, high-temperature hydrocarbons. Tetrachloroethylene (C₂Cl₄) is another nonflammable transformer fluid that has been introduced commercially. Chlorofluorocarbons and synthetic hydrocarbons have also been used as transformer fluids. The characteristics and properties of the various materials that have been used for cooling transformers are discussed     

镍钴锰酸锂的制备及高电压充放电性能

用共沉淀-机械球磨-高温煅烧法制备纳米三氧化二铝(Al_2O_3)包覆镍钴锰酸锂材料,研究材料在高电压充放电条件下的电化学性能。XRD、SEM、容量微分(d Q)/电压微分(d U)和电化学性能测试结果表明:在镍钴锰酸锂颗粒表面得到了均匀的纳米级Al_2O_3包覆层,并提高正极材料的电化学性能。以0.5 C在3.0~4.6 V循环,Al_2O_3包覆量为0.5%材料第50次循环的放电比容量由未包覆材料的155.3 m Ah/g上升到172.7 m Ah/g。包覆处理可提升正极的热稳定性和高电压高温持续充电的时间,从而提高电池的高温安全性能。     

光学麦克风封装材料相容性试验

为确保光学麦克风在电气设备内部应用的安全可靠性,文中选定聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、环氧树脂、聚醚醚酮和酚醛树脂作为封装材料,进行光学麦克风与电气设备相关的环境相容性试验,并采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared,FTIR)光谱仪对试验前后的材料性能进行检测。结果表明:聚氨酯表面易浸润变压器油且有明显颜色变化,不适用于油浸式变压器,但可用于水听器、空气和常温环境中;聚四氟乙烯与变压器油的相容性较好,可用于油浸式变压器、气体绝缘开关设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)和温度变化较大的场景;其余材料与电气设备的相容性不佳,适用性有待进一步研究。文中提出的封装材料与环境相容性试验的检测方法可为光学麦克风封装材料选型提供有益借鉴,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

有机绝缘耐电痕性的评定与发展

介绍了国内外有机绝缘电痕破坏现象的研究及IEC60112,IEC60587和ASTMD213262T国际标准试验法;分析和比较了各种试验法的电极配置、试验条件和适用范围等。鉴于各种标准试验法未明确规定非常规环境,指出在低气压、高温及放射线环境下有机绝缘耐电痕性的变化可能导致电气绝缘事故发生;综合论述了有机绝缘电痕破坏的发生机理及本研究领域的发展趋势。     

Life extension for electrical power distribution systems usingvacuum technology

Three alternatives for upgrading old equipment are discussed. Retrofitting with vacuum arc interrupter technology is the most cost effective and offers many advantages over older air-magnetic interrupters. These include simpler design, fewer parts and less maintenance, readily available parts, high reliability, extended insulation life and safety. The authors address modernization options available to industry specifically in the area of electrical switchgear. Emphasis is given to switchgear life extension using vacuum technology, its benefits, reliability, and economic justification. Several examples and applications are presented     

高温超导电缆发展及其应用概述

随着高温超导技术的发展,高温超导电缆已经在输电系统中有了实际应用。与传统电缆相比,高温超导电缆具有传输容量大、损耗低、体积小、重量轻、可靠性高、节约资源、环境友好等优势,有望在未来电网发展中发挥重要作用。本文介绍了高温超导电缆的结构及特点、基本设计原理、传输电流与导体层电流分布及交流损耗等技术问题,并对高温超导电缆在交流和直流输电系统中的应用以及目前世界各国对高温超导电缆的研究及成果做了介绍。     

Vegetable-oil-based dielectric coolants

Electrical transformer insulation systems are evaluated based on economic, safety, and environmental standpoints using total life cycle analysis. Because of the inherent high efficiency of liquid-cooled transformer designs, new developments focus on improving the environmental and safety properties of fire resistant (less-flammable, high fire point) fluids. This article reports the latest findings on dielectric systems using natural ester (vegetable oil) fluids. Because esters naturally have lower oxidation resistance than mineral oils, a novel blend of base oils and additives were developed to overcome this potential handicap. Single- and three-phase prototype field installations using these new dielectric coolants are discussed     

Preparation and evaluation of temperature-sensitive magnetic film with low Curie temperature

Up to now, only bulk materials and thick films were available for use as temperature-sensitive substances. However, due to the high heat capacity of these substances, their sensitivity is too low for the detection of minute temperature variations. General trends toward the miniaturization and weight reduction of electronic equipment necessitate development of thin films having magnetic properties. No technology for the preparation of temperature-sensitive magnetic thin films (TMF) has existed so far because of difficulties related to the adjustment of the mixture ratio of TMF materials composed of Fe, Mn, and Zn oxides. The authors investigated a method of fabrication of TMF by annealing of the film formed by the sputtering of a target consisting of temperature-sensitive ferrites with low Curie temperature. This method involves a two-step processing: depositing the metal components of temperature-sensitive ferrites on a substrate by sputtering and a high-temperature annealing treatment performed in a flow of argon gas in a tank containing oxygen. As a result, a ferrite thin film (thickness 1.5 μm) with spinel structure can be fabricated. The TMF characteristics closely reproduce parameters of the temperature-sensitive ferrites used in the target. The TMF so obtained also have an exceptional temperature dependence and a low heat capacity, thus providing for a prompt response to minute temperature variations of the order of 10^–1 °C. Therefore, the TMF are expected to find use in such applications as pyromagnetic sensors, optimized artificial sensors, and biosensors. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(4): 17–23, 1999     

基于改进ELM的风/光/柴/储独立微网分布式电源多目标容量优化配置

针对风/光/柴/储独立混合微电网中分布式电源容量配置问题,以系统供电可靠性作为约束条件,构建考虑微电网经济性、环保性和能源利用效率的多目标优化模型。引入熵理论确定多目标函数各项指标的权重系数,有效地摆脱权重取值的主观性。采用自适应迭代步长、自适应变异策略和搜索空间缩减等措施来改善仿电磁学算法(Electromagnetism-like mechanism,ELM)的收敛性。基于改进的循环充放(ICC)控制策略,用改进的仿电磁学算法求解配置模型。以广西涠洲岛为背景进行算例分析,验证模型和算法的有效性。结果表明改进的ELM算法能有效地解决微电网规划这类多约束、计算量大的组合优化问题,并且在全局最优搜索能力和寻优速度方面具有明显优势。     

That's classified

The basic characteristic of oil and petrochemical industry processes is the use of flammable substances at high pressures and flows. Despite the strict requirements enforced to build process equipment that will be used in these industries, the high risk of accidents involving explosions and fires draws the attention of researchers because of the number of victims, material losses, and environmental damages. Locations where an explosive atmosphere may be formed are called "classified areas." Once these areas are identified, the technical specifications for electrical and electronic equipment and the development of specific operational procedures to ensure safety at work in these areas can be written and enforced.