Novel method for realising lossless floating immittance using current conveyors

A novel method for realising lossless floating immittance using second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) is proposed. By introducing the nullator-norator technique, many simulation circuits can be derived systematically.     

Grounded capacitor based grounded and floating inductancesimulation using current conveyors

Grounded and floating inductance simulation using current conveyors and needing grounded capacitors has been considered. Some grounded and floating inductance schemes are extracted from recently published current mode biquads. A new realisation using two dual output current conveyors, a grounded capacitor and two resistors is presented     

Higher-order immittance functions using current conveyors

Two configurations for realizing higher-order series and parallel immittance functions using current conveyors are presented. The proposed circuits require only grounded resistors and capacitors. As examples of their applications, highpass and bandpass filters are given with simulation results.     

Novel floating inductance using current conveyors

The letter presents a new ideal floating inductance using second generation current conveyors (CCIIs). The novel feature of this scheme is its realisation with all grounded passive components.     

Novel grounded and floating high order immittance simulators using OTAs and OAs

This paper proposes novel grounded and floating high order series and parallel immittance simulators using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and operational amplifiers (OAs) with a finite gain–bandwidth (GB) product. They are composed of active devices (OTAs and OAs) and resistances, and are suitable for monolithic implementation in either CMOS or bipolar technologies. They also realize both positive and negative high order immittances. The circuit characteristics can be electronically tuned by adjusting the transconductances of OTAs and the GB products of OAs. Any transfer functions are realizable using the proposed simulators. Two examples are shown, together with simulation results.     

Insensitive grounded-capacitor simulation of grounded inductors using current conveyors

Two new schemes for grounded-inductor simulation with single grounded capacitors using the second-generation current conveyors (c.c. II) are reported. The realised inductors L and their quality factors Q can be independently adjusted and hence are suitable for high-quality applications. L and Q are shown to be quite stable and are practically insensitive to the changes in the active c.c. II parameters.     

New grounded immittance function simulators using single current feedback operational amplifier

Using unified representations for single current-feedback operational amplifier based immittance function simulators, new circuits can be systematically discovered. In this article a catalogue of three generic circuit structures is presented. The first structure uses three passive elements to realize either two different grounded lossless negative inductances or two different lossless grounded frequency-dependent positive resistances, and uses four passive elements to realize two different grounded series connected negative resistance and negative inductance. The second structure uses three passive elements to realize a grounded lossless negative inductance and four passive elements to realize either a grounded series connected negative capacitance and a positive resistance or a grounded positive (or negative) series connected inductance and a positive resistance. The third structure uses three passive elements to realize either a grounded negative inductance in series with a negative resistance or a grounded negative capacitance divider in addition to the classical grounded negative impedance converter. Moreover, some of the previously reported immittance function realizations can be systematically obtained from the proposed generic structures.     

New high-order filter structures using only single-ended-input OTAs and grounded capacitors

Despite the wealth of literature on operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)-C filters, the synthesis of high-order filter characteristics is still an active topic. In this paper the realization of voltage transfer functions based on canonical current-mode follow-the-leader-feedback (FLF) OTA-C structures are investigated. Two new structures are presented, which use only single-ended-input OTAs and grounded capacitors. The first structure has a single voltage input and multiple voltage outputs taken from different nodes, which enables it to provide simultaneous outputs of different filter functions. The second structure has a single voltage output and single voltage input distributed to different circuit nodes for a universal realization. The authors not only propose such filter structures, but also show how analytical synthesis can be used to produce filter circuits that have less active elements than those recently reported voltage-mode structures which are based on differential-input OTAs. This represents another attractive feature from chip area, and power consumption point of view. Simulation results verifying the theoretical analysis of the proposed filter structure are included.     

Hybrid models of 3-port immittance convertors and current and voltage conveyors

New circuit realisations of two types of 3-port immittance convertors and, as a special case, a realisation of current and voltage conveyors, are presented using resistors and operational amplifiers.     

Electronically tunable grounded immittance simulators using an EX-CCCII

ABSTRACT

In this paper, electronically tunable grounded immittance simulators are presented. Each of the proposed circuits employs a single Extra X Current Controlled Current Conveyers (EX-CCCII) and a single grounded capacitor. First, two circuits provide lossless positive grounded inductance. These circuits offer different lossless/lossy immittance circuits with some changes in the connection at the Z-terminals of EX-CCCII. The circuits do not require any constraint for component matching and exhibit low parasitic effects. The circuits can be tuned electronically by varying the bias current of EX-CCCII. As application examples, some of the proposed circuits are used to realise a tunable second-order band-pass filter and a tunable high pass filter. The functionality of the proposed immittance simulators is verified through PSPICE simulation using 0.25µm TSMC CMOS technology parameters. The experimental results are also included using commercially available IC’s AD-844.     

A novel floating lossy inductance realization topology with NICs using current conveyors

A negative-impedance converter (NIC) is a useful component in the circuit synthesis theory especially for active RC filter design. In this brief, usefulness of the NIC is shown in a floating inductance realization topology that is an alternative application area for the component. A new floating parallel RL realization topology employing two NICs and three passive components is presented.     

Novel lossless tunable floating FDNR simulation using two current conveyors and a buffer

Two novel lossless tunable floating FDNR simulation circuits using two current conveyors (CClls) and a buffer as active elements are proposed. The circuits have the following advantages: (i) use of only two CCIIs with the minimum number of passive elements; (ii) extremely low active sensitivities of realised FDNR; (iii) no requirements for component matching; (iv) tunability of the FDNR value through a single resistor.     

Insensitive high-output impedance minimum configuration SITO-type current-mode biquad using dual-output current conveyors and grounded passive components

This paper presents a high-output impedance current mode single-input and three-outputs (SITO)-type multifunction filter which employs three dual-output current conveyors to simultaneously realize low-pass, high-pass and band-pass responses. The proposed circuit uses grounded-virtually grounded passive components (which makes the circuit ideal for integration and tuning). Moreover, it has low active and passive component sensitivities and does not require critical matching conditions and cancellation constraints.     

KHN-equivalent biquad using current conveyors

A new current-conveyor-based (CC) biquad, equivalent to the well known KHN circuit, is introduced. The proposed circuit employs exactly the same number (five) of CCs and resistors (six/seven) along with two grounded capacitors as in the two CC biquads recently reported by Soliman (see ibid., vol. 30, p. 2019-20, 1994). However, in contrast to Soliman's circuits, the proposed biquad offers several other advantages     

Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb circuit using current conveyors

Two equivalent circuits are generated using current conveyors to realise the same three transfer functions as in the Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) biquad. Each circuit employs five current conveyors; two of them act as buffers. In both circuits, the two capacitors are grounded which is not the case in the KHN circuit     

Floating-impedance convertors using current conveyors

A floating-negative-impedance convertor and a generalised impedance convertor are described. The circuits use a practical realisation of the CCII+ type current conveyor, the design being based on a differential input/output transadmittance cell.     

Wien bridge oscillators using current conveyors

Realization of oscillators with single resistor control based on the circuit techniques of the second generation current conveyors (CC II) utilizing the separability of the Wien RC one-ports that are generalized through appropriate insertion of two more resistors is considered. The relative frequency stability is shown to improve over the conventional op-amp Wien bridge versions.     

Floating ideal FDNR using current conveyors

A novel active current conveyor (CC II)-RC realisation of a floating admittance function Y(s) = s2D corresponding to an ideal FDNR element is reported. The scheme has the following advantages: (i) use of only two capacitors and a resistor; (ii) extremely low active sensitivities; (iii) single-resistor tunability of D; (iv) no design constraint involving component matching; (v) realisability of ideal FDNR even with nonideal CC II devices.