不同来源酒曲酿制米酒中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

为了研究湖北孝感和四川成都地区米酒曲中乳酸菌的多样性,该研究利用孝感凤窝米酒曲和成都农家自制米酒曲制作米酒, 并采用改良MRS固体培养基和分子生物学技术对米酒中的乳酸菌进行分离、鉴定。结果表明,从孝感米酒中共分离出42株乳酸菌,隶属于7个种,分别为戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）、融合魏斯氏乳酸菌（Weissella confusa）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plan- tarum）、发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）、能动乳杆菌（Lactobacillus agilis）、屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）和乳酸乳球菌（Lac- tococcus lactis）;从成都米酒中共分离出35株乳酸菌,隶属于7个种,分别为P. pentosaceus、W. confusa、L. plantarum、E. faecium、食窦魏 斯氏乳酸菌（Weissella cibaria）、约汉逊氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus johnsonii）和短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）。两种米酒中分离出的相同菌种为P. pentosaceus、W. confusa、L. plantarum和E. faecium。其中,P. pentosaceus为两种米酒的优势菌株。     

发酵型大米乳酸菌饮料加工工艺研究

以大米为主要原料,经过粉碎、糊化、糖化、过滤等处理后得到米浆原液,加入一定量蔗糖、脱脂乳,接入两种乳酸菌进行发酵,制备发酵型大米饮料。通过预实验确定了最佳米/水比为1∶16,并且对乳酸菌进行了定向驯化。通过正交实验确定了产品最佳制备工艺,即蔗糖添加量4%、脱脂乳添加量5%、鼠李糖乳杆菌接种量3%、保加利亚乳杆菌接种量为4%,在37℃下发酵8 h。     

黄酒中乳酸菌的研究进展

乳酸菌在黄酒酿造过程中有着十分重要的地位。目前对黄酒中的乳酸菌的研究主要集中于乳酸菌为黄酒发酵带来的作用,但是对于在黄酒发酵过程中乳酸菌引起的问题鲜有研究。该文概括了乳酸菌的生理保健功能,并阐述了近年来黄酒中乳酸菌的作用研究进展与乳酸菌在黄酒发酵过程中引起的问题,旨在为对黄酒中乳酸菌的研究提供参考。     

自然发酵三樱椒中乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

为获得适用于三樱椒发酵的乳酸菌,该研究采用钙溶圈法从自然发酵三樱椒中分离乳酸菌,通过形态观察和分子生物学技术对其进行菌种鉴定,并对其生长、产酸、耐酸特性进行分析。结果表明,从自然发酵三樱椒中共分离纯化得到19株乳酸菌,经鉴定,16株为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,3株为赫轮魏斯氏菌（Weissella hellenica）。培养初期,赫轮魏斯氏菌生长比植物乳杆菌快,但培养12 h后植物乳杆菌比赫轮魏斯氏菌生长速度更快;植物乳杆菌产酸能力优于赫轮魏斯氏菌,培养21 h后,植物乳杆菌发酵液的pH值稳定在3.7,赫轮魏斯氏菌发酵液pH值稳定在4.3,其中植物乳杆菌PLP-1产酸能力最好;植物乳杆菌的耐酸性优于赫轮魏斯氏菌,在pH值＜4.0的培养条件下赫伦魏斯氏菌生长受到严重抑制,而植物乳杆菌可以在pH值为3.0的培养基中生长,其中植物乳杆菌PLP-1耐酸性最好。     

Citrulline production by lactic acid bacteria in Chinese rice wine

Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a carcinogenic compound derived from the spontaneous reaction of ethanol with urea or citrulline in Chinese rice wine. Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that five species, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus coryniformis were the most abundant bacteria in the Chinese rice wine production process. Five strains belonging to these species can degrade arginine primarily in the exponential growth phase and accumulate citrulline in MRS‐Arg medium. In addition, an L. brevis strain was shown to be capable of assimilating citrulline, indicating the potential of this strain suggesting a potential route to reduce citrulline content and ethyl carbamate formation in Chinese rice wine fermentation. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

鲊肉粉中乳酸菌和葡萄球菌的筛选及鉴定

从传统发酵鲊肉粉中分离、筛选发酵性能优良的乳酸菌和葡萄球菌,为鲊肉粉接种发酵提供理论依据.按照肉制品发酵菌株的筛选标准,利用形态学特征和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定菌株,筛选出2株乳酸菌A1、C7和2株葡萄球菌S6、S7.结果表明:乳酸菌菌株A1、C7均为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),能...     

超声辅助处理乳酸菌发酵制备米糠酵素的研究

以米糠为原料,乳酸菌为发酵菌种,在考察超声时间、发酵温度、发酵初始pH和发酵时间对发酵菌种产蛋白酶、脂肪酶影响的单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验优化超声波辅助处理乳酸菌发酵制备米糠酵素的工艺。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为超声时间90 min,发酵温度25 ℃,发酵液初始pH值为6.0,发酵时间为25 d。在此最佳发酵工艺条件下,米糠酵素的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力分别达到51.96 U/mL、16.17 U/mL。     

自然发酵风干肠中乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

以自然发酵风干肠为研究对象,分析了细菌总数和乳酸菌菌数的变化情况,结果表明,乳酸菌为风干肠发酵过程中的优势菌群。通过对风干肠中乳酸菌的分离鉴定,共分离出戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsplactis)、短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis)、弯曲乳杆菌(Lactobacillus curvatus)和发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum)5株乳酸菌。24h产酸速率测定结果表明,弯曲乳杆菌>短乳杆菌>乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种>戊糖片球菌>发酵乳杆菌。      

自然发酵牛乳中乳酸菌和酵母菌的活菌动态变化

构建三批次各100 kg牛乳自然发酵体系,通过分析乳酸菌和酵母菌的活菌动态变化,对两者间的相互作用进行研究。结果表明,在（20±1）℃的自然发酵温度下,持续发酵56 h,pH值下降至4.6～5.0,发酵牛乳逐渐分层并形成上层奶嚼口和下层凝乳。连续三个批次发酵牛乳中奶嚼口和凝乳的乳酸菌平均活菌数分别为（12.02±1.21）lg（CFU/mL）和（11.54±1.30）lg（CFU/mL）,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;而凝乳中酵母菌平均活菌数[（6.39±0.60）lg（CFU/mL）]显著低于奶嚼口[（4.56±0.30）lg（CFU/mL）]（P＜0.05）。活菌动态变化表明,在牛乳自然发酵过程中,乳酸菌的生长具有延迟期、对数期、稳定期三个典型阶段,而酵母菌没有明显的对数期,随着乳酸菌的生长反而抑制酵母菌的生长。     

乳酸菌联合酵母菌发酵制备一种新型沙棘酒

该试验采用生物降酸的方式,利用乳酸菌联合酵母的发酵方法,克服传统果酒发酵时间长、发酵不易控制、风味较差等缺点,制备一种新型的适合大众饮用的沙棘酒。通过单因素及正交试验研究接菌量（乳酸菌/酵母菌）、发酵温度及发酵时间对沙棘酒品质的影响。结果表明,当接菌比例（乳酸菌/酵母菌）为3%∶5%,发酵温度为30 ℃,发酵时间为96 h时,所制的沙棘酒感官评分为93分。     

Screening of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented table olives with probiotic potential

The aim of this work was to study the potential probiotic properties of lactobacilli associated with table olives. From a total of 111 isolates from spontaneously fermented green olive brines, 109 were identified at species level by multiplex PCR amplifications of the recA gene. One hundred and seven of these were identified as Lactobacillus pentosus, one as Lactobacillus plantarum, and another as Lactobacillus paraplantarum. Repetitive bacterial DNA element fingerprinting (rep-PCR) with GTG₅ primer revealed a higher variability within the L. pentosus isolates and nine different clusters were obtained. Most of them showed high autoaggregation ability, low hydrophobicity properties, and lower survival to gastric than to pancreatic digestion; however, no isolate showed bacteriocin, haemolytic or bile salt hydrolase activities. A multivariate analysis based on results from phenotypic tests led to the segregation of some L. pentosus isolates with promising potential probiotic characteristics, which are even better than probiotic reference strains. Due to the autochthonous origin of the strains, their use as starter cultures may contribute to improving natural fermentation and the nutritional characteristics of table olives.     

乳酸菌发酵鱼的研制

研究了乳酸菌发酵鱼的制作工艺.通过研究表明,利用浸泡发酵方式在12℃的条件下发酵5d,经150℃烘烤20min所得的产品风味良好.     

自然发酵黄豆酱中嗜盐乳酸菌的分离、鉴定与筛选

从黑龙江省8个地区采集到11份自然发酵黄豆酱样品并分离出28株嗜盐细菌，经鉴定全部为四联球菌属乳酸菌。通过测定各菌株在不同培养时间和含高浓度21％NaCl培养液的OD直和pH值，从中筛选出一株耐盐性最好、活力旺盛且产酸能力强的菌株（T5），经生理生化鉴定其为嗜盐四联球菌。     

云南自然发酵火腿中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及发酵特性研究

以云南自然发酵火腿为原料,以菌株的安全性、生产适应性及对产品品质的影响等指标筛选乳酸菌菌株。筛选得到9株产酸能力较好,耐受质量分数6%NaCl和150 mg/kg NaNO₂,并且不产H₂S和H₂O₂、精氨酸不产氨、发酵葡萄糖不产气且均无蛋白脂肪分解能力的菌株,其中菌株H8的NaCl、NaNO₂耐受性最强,根据生理、生化和分子生物学特征将其鉴定为戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)。该研究筛选的戊糖片球菌发酵特性较好,可进一步开发为肉制品发酵剂。     

Contribution of Gal- lactic acid bacteria to Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic activity in milk

The contemporaneous presence of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus affected the growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PZ2 and the metabolic products of their growth were quantitatively and qualitatively different from those produced by single strains inoculated alone. S. cerevisiae can grow in milk without using lactose or galactose. In particular, the presence of peptides seems to be sufficient to ensure its growth. The growth of S. cerevisiae with lactic acid bacteria is characterised by stimulatory effects that involve both yeast and bacteria. However, the release of galactose by lactic acid bacteria does not seem to be the core metabolic event of these stimulatory effects on S. cerevisiae.     

青海省海西地区传统发酵山羊乳中乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

从采自青海省海西地区牧民家庭的11份以山羊奶为主要原料的传统发酵乳中分离得到33株乳酸菌，经过形态特征．生理生化特性，糖发酵试验和乳酸旋光性的测定，将这33株乳酸茵初步鉴定为7株Lldelbrueckiisubsp．Lactis，4株L．delbrueckii subsp．bulgaricus.3株L．acidophilus，1株L，coryniformis subsp，corynformis，12株S．thermophilus，Ped．日cidilaaici 3株，Ped．Unnaeequi 2株，Leu．mesenteriodes subsp.mesentemiodes 1株，其中，杆菌占所分离菌株的45．45％，球菌占所分离菌株的54．55％。     

Biogenic amines in cold-smoked fish fermented with lactic acid bacteria

 It has been proved in previous studies that fish can be fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Added glucose must be at concentrations of almost 1% to reduce the pH to <5.3, a level which corresponds to the safe pH values for meat products. Because some LAB and some contaminating microbes form biogenic amines, this study was conducted to examine the possible formation of biogenic amines during the fish fermentation process. Other parameters under study were sensory quality, pH value, titrated acid content, weight loss, a _w value, redox potential and microbiological counts. Three groups of fish (rainbow trout) with three different LAB inocula and a group without any inoculum were made. The fermentation of the products made with LAB succeeded. The products were sensorially accepted, the inoculated LAB grew to >8 log cfu/g, the pH reduced to 5.0–5.3 and a _w to 0.927 and the pseudomonads, the predominant flora of fish raw material, disappeared. The fish raw material and the products contained low amounts of biogenic amines with one exception: cadaverine, histamine and tyramine increased in all product groups in one experimental series (II) out of three. The highest concentrations of these amines were in the control products without any LAB inoculation. The LAB used and the contaminants isolated from the products were unable to produce cadaverine, histamine or tyramine. The appearance of these amines could therefore be caused by the non-isolated contaminants of fish raw material. Received: 18 June 1999     

广东客家黄酒中乳酸菌分离鉴定与菌株特性研究

该试验对广东客家黄酒中的乳酸菌分离鉴定及对菌株特性进行了研究。从黄酒酒曲与发酵酒醪中分离纯化得到两株乳酸菌A与E。通过对菌株的形态学、生理生化、分子生物学鉴定可知,A菌与植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、E菌与戊糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus pentosus）的16S rDNA序列的亲缘性高达99%～100%。对菌株A与E特性研究结果显示,两菌株的产酸能力都很强,A菌pH达到3.8,E菌达到3.6,稍强于A菌;菌株A和E的最适生长pH值为4～6,两菌株的生长随着糖浓度的增加而受到抑制,并在乙醇含量为6%时,受到强大的抑制作用,此时E菌OD600 nm值为0.430,而A菌达到生长延缓期的OD600 nm值0.328,A菌较E菌更敏感。