基于主特征模式的机电系统故障诊断算法(英文)

机电设备运行状态的监测对保障系统稳定可靠运行、预防重大事故发生有重要意义.针对传统诊断方法由于故障信息不足导致的诊断精确度差,提出了一种基于主特征模式识别的故障诊断方法.基于多源特征信息融合,研究了基于多传感器系统的特征融合故障诊断模型,讨论了反映系统运动状态特征的指标体系及故障诊断算法.文中以滚动轴承系统故障诊断为例,首先计算了各传感器获取信号的时域特征参数,然后,借助主特征模式对特征信息进行融合与降维处理,实验测试数据显示出与传统诊断方法相比较该算法有更好的故障诊断性能.研究结果表明了该方法在重型机电设备故障诊断中应用的可行性与合理性.     

用于新型汽车空调的智能检测系统设计

论述了一种基于多传感器融合技术的新型汽车空调智能检测系统设计,该系统包括温度、湿度、烟尘和有害气体浓度等一级信号检测系统和二级舒适度信息融合系统2部分.本文介绍了系统的设计原理、工作过程及其特点,并对信息融合进行了介绍.     

基于多传感器融合的移动机器人定位研究

针对室内未知环境下单一传感器定位累积误差大、受环境局限等缺点,设计一种多传感器非线性融合定位系统,以提高移动机器人自主导航的定位精度.该系统通过高斯牛顿方程对由激光雷达、惯性测量单元、轮式里程计测量得到的位姿信息进行融合优化,补偿由于在室内环境信息下单一传感器定位精度低所带来的定位误差.实验结果表明:应用多传感器融合定...     

基于多传感器信息融合的外圆磨削加工过程监视

多传感信息融合是一个多级别、多层次的智能化信息处理过程。为此,根据系统的某些检测得到故障表征（故障模式）,开展了对故障进行识别和定位控制方法的研究。针对外圆磨削过程的监测系统,介绍了一种基于层次结构的信息融合故障诊断模型和框图系统。从原始信号中提取特征量,从各特征量的相互作用关系中制定控制决策。实际应用效果表明,基于多传感器信息融合的外圆磨削加工过程监视,控制系统是有效的。     

多传感器信息融合在液压系统智能故障诊断中的应用

针对采矿工程机械液压系统故障诊断方法存在的局限性,提出了一种基于多传感器信息融合的智能故障诊断方尊。该方法采用模糊神经网络融合诊断中心作为故障诊断的执行机构,算法上采用BP算法。通过一实例论证了在液压系统故障诊断中采用多传感器信息融合故障诊断方法比采用单传感器信息故障诊断方法更具有准确性和可靠性。     

基于磁性传感器信息融合的油管损伤在线检测技术

建立适用于油管损伤检测的磁性传感器信息融合模型，并将信息融合模型分为四级。在此基础上，提出了磁性传感器信息融合方法，分别完成局部损伤及其严重程度的分类、壁厚损伤的定性判别和壁厚损伤检测数据的融合估计。结果表明，基于磁性传感器信息融合的油管损伤在线检测系统有效地提高了多源信息的利用程度，具有较高的准确性、可靠性和稳健性。     

多传感器信息融合技术与液压系统状态监测、故障诊断

本文从多传感器信息融合系统概念、信息融合的层次和方法等方面对多传感器信息融合技术的现状进行了阐述，提出了基于多传感器信息融合技术的液压系统状态监测与故障诊断的系统框图，并介绍了诊断系统的组成、工作原理及主要特点。     

基于神经网络的传感器信息融合和综合在刀具状态监测中的应用

本文给出了传感器信息融合和综合的定义和特点,说明了多层前向神经网络的结构及BP算法,并着重用两个实例分别叙述了基于神经网络的传感器信息融合和综合法在刀具状态监测系统中的应用。     

基于神经网络的数据融合算法在管道缺陷损伤识别上的应用

本文研究了基于BP神经网络的多传感器数据融合算法,并对BP算法进行改进,利用D—S证据理论进行分析,针对多传感器检测数据的不确定性,提出了神经网络和D-S证据理论相结合的数据融合模型及融合算法应用于输油管道检测系统,通过对他们进行检测、关联、相关、估计和综合等多方面、多级别的处理,进而得到被检测状态的准确评估。它可以克服单一管道检测技术的不足,融合多种检测结果以提高检测精度。     

基于单目稀疏法多传感器融合移动机器人定位

针对移动机器人室内定位过程中,单目视觉难适应光照变化、里程计累计误差导致定位误差较大问题,提出边缘侧多传感器融合的定位方法.以稀疏直接法(半直接法)作为单目视觉的前端,实时单目相机估计位姿,通过惯性传感器恢复尺度输出位置信息,并且获取IMU的加速度以及偏航角、里程计当前速度,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法融合3种传感器信息,实现更加精确的定位.在移动机器人侧处理传感器读取的信息,从而减小机器人体积.边缘侧混合式多传感器信息融合使移动机器人在单个传感器失效以及无法人为干预时,也能够精确实时地在多种复杂环境中完成自主定位.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。