单向层合板拉-拉及压-压疲劳加载材料退化模型

以刚度退化为基础,并结合正则化疲劳寿命预测方法,推导建立了单层板疲劳累积损伤过程剩余刚度退化模型,同时给出了剩余强度退化模型.本文退化模型适用于拉-拉及压-压疲劳加载任意应力水平和应力比下的单层板疲劳寿命预测,所建立的剩余刚度退化模型显著减少为获得模型参数所必需的试验件数量,经济性好.最后,通过试验研究,建立了材料T300/BMP-316单向层合板疲劳加载各主方向剩余刚度退化表达式、剩余强度退化表达式及疲劳寿命表达式,为层合板结构疲劳损伤分析提供了有力依据.     

考虑纤维体积含量的单向层合板材料退化模型

基于损伤因子与刚度和强度退化的关系,考虑纤维体积含量vf和应力水平对单向层合板材料性能的影响,推导建立了单向层合板疲劳累积损伤过程剩余刚度和剩余强度退化模型。通过对三种vf单向层合板的疲劳试验,对本文建立的剩余刚度和剩余强度退化模型进行了验证。结果表明:本文提出的模型能较好地描述不同vf层合板疲劳过程中的面内剪切剩余刚度和剩余强度的退化规律,为层合板疲劳损伤分析提供了有力依据。     

碳/碳复合材料疲劳损伤失效试验研究

对单向碳/碳复合材料纵向拉-拉疲劳特性及面内剪切拉-拉疲劳特性进行了试验研究; 对三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料的纵向拉-拉疲劳特性及纤维束-基体界面剩余强度进行了试验研究。使用最小二乘法拟合得到了单向碳/碳复合材料纵向及面内剪切拉-拉疲劳加载下的剩余刚度退化模型及剩余强度退化模型, 建立了纤维束-基体界面剩余强度模型。结果显示: 单向碳/碳复合材料在87.5%应力水平的疲劳载荷下刚度退化最大只有8.8%左右, 在70.0%应力水平的疲劳载荷下, 面内剪切刚度退化最大可达30%左右; 三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料疲劳加载后强度及刚度均得到了提高; 随着疲劳循环加载数的增加, 三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料中纤维束-基体界面强度逐渐减弱。      

在役腐蚀管道动态非概率可靠性分析简

 腐蚀失效是压力管道失效的主要形式之一,研究腐蚀管道的可靠性具有重要理论意义和应用价值.在对腐蚀管道可靠性分析时,概率可靠性模型和模糊可靠性模型对于数据信息的要求较高.而在掌握不确定性信息很少情况下,为了充分利用管道的不确定性信息弥补原始数据的不足,可将腐蚀管道可靠性分析中的材料屈服强度、管道直径、缺陷深度和操作压力等不确定参数视为区间变量,基于区间模型建立一种在役腐蚀管道动态非概率可靠性模型,给出了腐蚀管道剩余寿命预测的简便方法.结合工程实例计算与分析,表明了文中所提出方法的可行性和合理性,并在此基础上,分析了管道的壁厚、缺陷深度、实际压力和腐蚀速率这些区间变量的不同变异系数对非概率可靠性指标的影响,分析结果表明非概率可靠性指标对管道壁厚的变异系数最为敏感.     

复合材料层压板剩余刚度剩余强度关联模型

基于剩余强度和剩余刚度取决于同一损伤状态的假设,给出了基于剩余刚度的损伤定义和基于剩余强度的损伤定义之间的关系,建立了剩余刚度剩余强度关联模型。用3种不同铺层形式的层压板试验数据对本文中提出的剩余刚度模型及剩余强度模型进行了验证,结果表明:本文中提出的剩余刚度和剩余强度模型能很好地描述复合材料层压板疲劳过程中的剩余刚度和剩余强度退化规律;通过关联模型,可以在已知剩余刚度退化规律的前提下,用少量剩余强度试验确定剩余强度退化规律;与剩余刚度关联的剩余强度模型中的参数可以被认为是材料常数。      

复合材料单向层合板损伤失效试验研究

对T300/BMP-316单向层合板静载及疲劳加载各主方向损伤失效进行了试验研究, 为建立该材料各主方向疲劳加载剩余刚度退化表达式及剩余强度退化表达式提供了依据。同时, 获得了该材料剪切非线性因子, 给出了面内剪切疲劳加载试验循环过程中剪切刚度计算公式, 使用渗透剂增强的X射线图像技术对试样静载及疲劳破坏损伤状态进行了无损检测, 并对损伤失效机理形式进行了分析探讨。试验表明, 层合板结构应力分析中考虑材料剪切应力-应变的非线性效应是非常必要的。      

预应力混凝土梁变幅疲劳性能试验研究

对后张法预应力混凝土梁进行多级疲劳荷载循环试验,分析预应力混凝土梁在疲劳荷载下的裂缝开展情况及梁体刚度退化情况,推导预应力混凝土梁疲劳刚度退化方程,编制疲劳挠度计算程序。结果表明：未达开裂荷载水平时,预应力混凝土梁在疲劳循环荷载下亦出现裂缝,且裂缝出现时间与应力水平有关;梁体刚度在疲劳荷载循环的前15万次中降低幅度较大,之后呈稳定降低趋势;疲劳试验梁静载挠度在静载破坏试验开裂前较静载梁大;但随荷载增大,静载梁裂缝发展较完全;后两者挠度较接近,疲劳梁破坏时挠度较静载梁大20%;基于刚度退化方程的疲劳挠度计算程序结果与实验值吻合较好,可用于计算、预测疲劳挠度。     

钢筋混凝土桥梁疲劳累积损伤失效过程简化分析方法

为了有效预测疲劳损伤累积程度与桥梁剩余寿命,提出了钢筋混凝土桥梁结构在运营荷载下疲劳失效全过程数值模拟的简化方法。首先,根据混凝土及钢筋疲劳刚度退化、疲劳强度退化与疲劳残余变形演变规律,建立了混凝土及钢筋经历任意次数疲劳加载后的剩余强度包络线方程,基于混凝土单轴本构模型和钢筋理想弹塑性模型,建立了混凝土及钢筋疲劳本构模型;然后,在此基础上对文献提出的疲劳全过程分析法进行了改进,提出了疲劳损伤累积失效全过程数值分析法;最后,基于ABAQUS 软件平台和该文方法,对某钢筋混凝土简支梁算例进行疲劳全过程数值分析。结果表明:利用该文方法得到的模拟值与试验值的相对误差处于合理范围之内,验证了该文方法的可靠性和实用性。     

区间参数平面连续体结构频率非概率可靠性拓扑优化

研究了具有区间参数的平面连续体结构在固有频率非概率基频约束和频率禁区约束下的拓扑优化设计问题。考虑结构弹性模量、质量密度和频率约束限具有区间不确定性,根据SIMP材料插值方法和区间变量运算法则,构建了基于频率非概率可靠性约束的弯曲薄板和平面应力薄板结构的拓扑优化数学模型表达式,并给出了进化优化准则。算例及其结果表明文中模型和方法的有效性。     

FRP复合材料剩余刚度退化复合模型

为建立剩余刚度与材料损伤量及剩余寿命的关系, 将纤维增强树脂复合材料(FRP)层合板在拉-拉疲劳载荷作用下的失效模式划分为纤维间破坏、纤维随机断裂与分层3种类型, 分析不同失效模式与剩余刚度退化量的定量关系, 提出一个集成各失效模式影响的剩余刚度退化复合模型。该模型适用于占寿命绝大多数比例的Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段, 避免了Ⅲ阶段刚度降不确定性的影响。剩余刚度退化曲线按时间尺度归一化, 消除了试件个体分散性影响, 分散性显著降低。对4种E-glass/Epoxy玻璃纤维复合材料层压板与3种AS-4/聚醚醚酮(PEEK)碳纤维复合材料层压板的疲劳试验结果进行了统计分析, 表明本文模型适于精确描述复合材料的剩余刚度下降规律。      

Interval dynamic reliability analysis of mechanical components under multistage load based on strength degradation

To further study the law of strength degradation, the residual strength degradation model is established based on the definition of fatigue damage, considering the interaction of various uncertain factors and time factors in service environment. Combined with equivalent damage model, a nonlinear cumulative damage model is proposed, which takes the interaction among loading loads into account and improves the accuracy of calculation. Additionally, the equivalent transformation of multistage load is studied using interval theory. According to the interval dynamic nonprobability reliability prediction model, a dynamic reliability analysis of the interval model is carried out. Dynamic reliability of the component is analyzed under multistage load accumulation damage to verify the effectiveness of the method.     

Fatigue life prediction of composite laminates by FEA simulation method

This paper is to simulate the fatigue damage evolution in composite laminates and predict fatigue life of the laminates with different lay-up sequences on the basis of the fatigue characteristics of longitudinal, transverse and in-plane shear directions by finite element analysis (FEA) method. In FEA model, considering the scatter of the material’s properties, each element was assigned with different material’s properties. The stress analysis was carried out in MSC Patran/Nastran, and a modified Hashin’s failure criterion was applied to predict the failure of the elements. A new stiffness degradation model was proposed and applied in the simulation and then a strength degradation model was deduced, which is coupled with the presented stiffness degradation model. The reduced or discounted elastic constants were determined based on the failure mechanism of the laminates and the restrictive conditions of orthotropic property. The fatigue behavior and fatigue life of six kinds of E-glass/epoxy composite laminates with different lay-up sequences were experimentally studied, and the S–N curves and stiffness degradation models in longitudinal, transverse and in-plane shear direction were obtained. These fatigue data were adopted in the simulation to simulate fatigue behavior and estimate life of the laminates. The simulation results, including the fatigue life predicted and the residual stiffness, were coincident with the experimental results well except for the quasi-isotropic laminate for the lack of consideration of the out-of-plane fatigue character in the simulation.     

层板复合材料疲劳性能的实验研究

对层板复合材料在拉伸 -拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的初始静刚度、初始静强度、剩余刚度、剩余强度、疲劳寿命进行了实验研究 ,取得了大量的有意义的实验数据 ,分析了层板复合材料的初始静刚度、初始静强度和疲劳寿命的概率分布 ,讨论了层板复合材料在不同应力水平下剩余刚度随疲劳循环周次的衰减变化及损伤破坏的形式 ,得到了一些有意义的结论     

考虑温度和纤维含量影响的单向层合板材料的退化模型

根据复合材料的疲劳损伤机理,重新定义了疲劳损伤因子。根据这个疲劳损伤因子,提出了一种考虑纤维的含量和温度影响的单向纤维增强复合材料剩余刚度和剩余强度的模型;进而根据室温剩余刚度-剩余强度关联模型引入温度修正参数得到了一定温度下的剩余刚度-剩余强度关联模型,并进一步得到了与剩余刚度相关的剩余强度模型。于是,在建立剩余强度模型时减少了剩余强度的试验量和数据分散性的影响。最后,对现有文献中复合材料疲劳试验数据和剩余强度试验数据进行拟合,证明本文提出的剩余刚度模型和剩余强度模型精确描述了剩余刚度和剩余强度下降的规律。根据剩余刚度模型预测了不同纤维体积分数的复合材料在不同温度下剩余刚度衰减的规律。     

Uncertainty modelling of critical column buckling for reinforced concrete buildings

Buckling is a critical issue for structural stability in structural design. In most of the buckling analyses, applied loads, structural and material properties are considered certain. However, in reality, these parameters are uncertain. Therefore, a prognostic solution is necessary and uncertainties have to be considered. Fuzzy logic algorithms can be a solution to generate more dependable results. This study investigates the material uncertainties on column design and proposes an uncertainty model for critical column buckling reinforced concrete buildings. Fuzzy logic algorithm was employed in the study. Lower and upper bounds of elastic modulus representing material properties were defined to take uncertainties into account. The results show that uncertainties play an important role in stability analyses and should be considered in the design. The proposed approach is applicable to both future numerical and experimental researches. According to the study results, it is seen that, calculated buckling load values are stayed in lower and upper bounds while the load values are different for same concrete strength values by using different code formula.     

几何非线性高性能复合材料筋混凝土梁Heterosis组合壳单元

对于高性能碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料(CFRP)筋混凝土梁,研究几何非线性组合壳单元模型,对预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁进行了全过程分析。引入Von Karman理论,推导了局部坐标系下Piola2Kirchhoff 应力矩阵和几何刚度矩阵;分别采用组合壳单元和分层壳单元模拟预应力CFRP 筋和玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料(GFRP)筋,并推导了CFRP筋对组合壳单元刚度矩阵的贡献,同时采用Heterosis选择积分技术以避免剪切锁定和零能量模式,研制了相应的非线性计算程序。计算结果与试验数据对比可知,挠度发展规律和预应力CFRP筋应变发展规律均吻合良好,说明了研究单元的有效性及研制程序的正确性;CFRP筋具有高强度性能,梁试件破坏时CFRP筋均未失效;利用预应力CFRP筋应变重分布系数研究了梁的刚度退化规律,表明采用GFRP筋代替普通钢筋在加载后期会使梁的刚度退化减小。      

A stochastic finite element method for fatigue reliability analysis of gear teeth subjected to bending

A stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is developed for accurate structural reliability analysis. Using the second-order three-moment reliability analytical model, this method takes into account such random factors as load, material parameters and especially geometry randomness. The calculation of the bending fatigue strength reliability of a cantilever beam is carried out as a numerical example to verify the present method. Monte-Carlo FEM and SFEM based on the first-order second-moment model are used in the example to compare with the proposed method. By incorporating the fatigue theory of gears, the present method is then used to analyze the bending fatigue strength reliability of a spur gear. The effects of random variables' coefficient of variation and skewness and the gear's correction factor (not random variable) on the gear's reliability are also investigated.