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制取燃料乙醇(酒精)作为内燃机的代用燃料,近年来在国外已日渐引起人们的注意。在巴西,乙醇已作为内燃机的燃料大量使用,在国民经济中占有重要地位。在美国,乙醇作为一种添加剂以替代铅与汽油 相似文献
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甜高粱茎杆制燃料乙醇工程路线探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探讨了用甜高粱茎杆工业化生产燃料乙醇的工程路线,分析了工业生产三个明确目标和要求,五个具体矛盾和困难。根据实践采取相应措施,提出了分布式加工体系,循环型经济模式和生物法生产工艺三位一体的完整工程路线。 相似文献
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由于化石能源资源有限,且环境问题突出.国际上对生物质制取液体燃料早巳提到议事日程。近年来,我国进口石油日益增多,能源压力很大。国家科技部和国家发改委等部门正在编制国家中长期能源发展规划,已将可再生能源中的生物质制取液体燃料列为重点项目之一。利用生物质制取液体燃料,推广应用车用乙醇汽油,既解决急需.也利于能源结构优化,特别与国家能源安全有关。 相似文献
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随着能源问题的日益突出,清洁、可再生的新型能源--燃料乙醇越来越被人们所关注.众多研究表明,甜高粱茎秆是生产燃料乙醇的重要原料.近年来,甜高粱茎秆制取燃料乙醇产业在我国发展迅速,而该产业中纵向合作模式(企业与农户合作模式)是其能否成功发展的重要因素之一.以黑龙江省桦川县甜高梁制乙醇项目为例,在充分细致的调查基础上,对企业与农户的合作模式进行了分析.考虑到企业在合作模式选择上具有绝对的优势地位,以不同模式下企业的成本、收益与风险分析为切人点,研究得出符合企业利益最大化的订单模式,并通过调查农户种植甜高粱的积极性及其影响因素,提出企业实施订单模式的建议. 相似文献
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甜高粱制燃料乙醇项目经济效益调查分析——以黑龙江桦川县甜高粱制乙醇项目为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以甜高粱茎秆为原料,制取燃料乙醇作为替代能源,对于解决制约我国经济发展的能源问题大有裨益,成为目前国家大力推广的新兴项目。文章实地调查了国家"863"计划的试点项目-黑龙江桦川县甜高粱制乙醇项目,对该项目中农户和企业的经济效益进行了详细的分析。其结果显示,农户在旱地种植甜高粱的收益比种植大豆和玉米的收益高很多,达到8 060元/hm2。通过分析,企业净收益可以达到每年1 510万元左右,投资回报率为15.11%,投资回收期为7 a。桦川县甜高粱制乙醇项目实现了农户、企业"双赢"的局面,为国家发展类似项目的经济可行性提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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国务院扶贫办中国地区开发促进会常务副会长、甜高粱产业发展中心主任、中国能源理事会理事张管生教授说:“当前,可再生能源热吸引了很多人,生物液体能源开发成为热中之热,尤其是甜高粱秸杆制乙醇,高层领导和普通百姓都十分关心。但客观情况是理论探讨多,实际行动少;短期行为多,长期坚持少;‘钓鱼’项目多,‘真投’项目少;照搬传统多,自主创新少;小型试验多,中试工程少。” 相似文献
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以甜高粱茎秆为原料,制取燃料乙醇作为替代能源,对于解决制约我国经济发展的能源问题大有裨益,成为目前国家大力推广的新兴项目。文章实地调查了国家“863”计划的试点项目-黑龙江桦川县甜高粱制乙醇项目,对该项目中农户和企业的经济效益进行了详细的分析。其结果显示,农户在旱地种植甜高粱的收益比种植大豆和玉米的收益高很多,达到8060元/hm^2。通过分析,企业净收益可以达到每年1510万元左右,投资回报率为15.11%,投资回收期为7a。桦川县甜高粱制乙醇项目实现了农户、企业“双赢”的局面.为国家发展类似项目的经济可行性提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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The productive potentials of sweet sorghum ethanol in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As one of the important non-grain energy crops, sweet sorghum has attracted the attention of scientific community and decision makers of the world since decades. But insufficient study has been done about the spatial suitability distribution and ethanol potential of sweet sorghum in China. This paper attempts to probe into the spatial distribution and ethanol potential of sweet sorghum in China by ArcGIS methods. Data used for the analysis include the spatial data of climate, soil, topography and land use, and literatures relevant for sweet sorghum studies. The results show that although sweet sorghum can be planted in the majority of lands in China, the suitable unused lands for large-scale planting (unit area not less than 100 hm2) are only as much as 78.6 × 104 hm2; and the productive potentials of ethanol from these lands are 157.1 × 104–294.6 × 104 t/year, which can only meet 24.8–46.4% of current demand for E10 (gasoline mixed with 10% ethanol) in China (assumption of the energy efficiency of E10 is equivalent to that of pure petroleum). If all the common grain sorghum at present were replaced by sweet sorghum, the average ethanol yield of 244.0 × 104 t/year can be added, and thus the productive potentials of sweet sorghum ethanol can satisfy 63.2–84.9% of current demand for E10 of China. In general, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Liaoning rank the highest in productive potentials of sweet sorghum ethanol, followed by Hebei, Shanxi, Sichuan, and some other provinces. It is suggested that these regions should be regarded as the priority development zones for sweet sorghum ethanol in China. 相似文献
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K. Darkwah A. Shahbazi 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2016,38(10):1485-1492
The sweet sorghum bagasse pretreated with 5% (w/w) acetic acid at an accumulated solid concentration of 20% (w/v) during the 96-h fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation achieved a maximum ethanol concentration of 53.1 g/L and ethanol yield of 88.7%, compared to 25.7 g/L and 86.7% for the 96-h batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation at a solid concentration of 10% (w/v), respectively. For comparison, the bagasse pretreated with 0.5% (w/w) sulfuric acid and water under the same fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation conditions produced maximum ethanol concentrations of 44.3 and 36.5 g/L, and ethanol yields of 77.6 and 69.7%, respectively. 相似文献
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Life cycle simulation-based economic and risk assessment of biomass-based fuel ethanol (BFE) projects in different feedstock planting areas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Increasing attention is being paid to biomass-based fuel ethanol (BFE) for its contributions to moderating oil crisis, reducing environmental impact, and promoting local economy. This paper aims to assess and compare the economic viabilities and investment risks of three BFE projects in different feedstock planting areas in China. Internal cost models of wheat-based fuel ethanol (WFE) in Central China, corn-based fuel ethanol (CFE) in Northeast China, and cassava-based fuel ethanol (KFE) in Southwest China are developed. The projects’ net cash flow (NCF) and net present values (NPV) are pursued by internal cost model simulation with the Monte Carlo method. According to the simulation results, KFE project is economically viable for its positive expected NPV and its expected internal rate of return (IRR) (12%), while CFE and WFE are not economically viable for their negative expected NPVs. Sensitivity analysis is performed to find out the key determinants of the projects’ expected NPVs and to evaluate their future economic viabilities. The analysis results indicate that CFE has better potential to become economically viable comparing to WFE project. Possible measures to improve the expected NPV of CFE are then proposed. 相似文献
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试验对分离得到的霉菌进行淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性鉴定,获得了一株同时具有淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性的新霉菌。经形态学及分子生物学方法鉴定,初步认定其为一株未被报道过的米根霉,将其命名为Rhizopusoryzae TZY1。Rhizopus oryzae TZY1与保藏酿酒酵母进行餐厨垃圾共发酵,在没有外加任何酶类的条件下,发酵后大部分的淀粉及纤维素被利用,发酵乙醇产率与糖化发酵结果大致相等。发酵后经检测,淀粉的利用率在88%以上,纤维素的利用率在84%左右,较之同步糖化发酵,该方法可以部分避免由于酶失活而使乙醇产率降低的问题,并且不需外加糖化酶类,节约了成本,具有良好的产业化应用前景。 相似文献
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中国甘蔗燃料乙醇生产的技术、经济和环境可行性分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
我国甘蔗燃料乙醇产业的发展是以2001年国家基于石油替代战略而启动“变性燃料乙醇”和“车用燃料乙醇”计划为背景发展起来的。目前燃料乙醇发展的突出障碍是生产成本较高,因此,需要国家的大量补贴。文中借鉴巴西利用甘蔗发展低成本燃料乙醇的经验,对中国甘蔗燃料乙醇生产的技术成熟度、市场竞争力和环境影响进行了分析,并得出:中国用甘蔗生产燃料乙醇在工艺和设备上不存在根本性、长期性的障碍;在目前的燃料乙醇和食糖价格下,甘蔗燃料乙醇的生产具有相对优势;甘蔗燃料乙醇生产中对环境的负面影响在现有的环保技术条件下可以得到克服,并且还将促进温室气体减排。 相似文献