高速列车车内低频气动噪声预测

为研究气动载荷下高速列车的车内低频噪声,建立高速列车空气动力学模型,采用大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)法计算中间车的表面脉动压力.将脉动压力加载到高速列车的有限元模型上,通过瞬态分析得到车体的振动位移响应;将位移响应作为边界条件,采用边界元法(Boundary Element Method,BEM)分析车内噪声.结果表明：车窗振动位移最大,车顶和车底次之;中间车车厢的两端声压比中部大;在低频范围内,车厢内声压呈强弱交替分布,声场强弱界限较明显,且随着频率的增大,沿车体纵向和横向干涉条纹增多;车内低频气动噪声随速度二次方的增大而增加.     

FastICA算法及其在地震信号去噪中的应用*

ICA算法是求解盲源分离问题的有效算法。建立了ICA算法的数学模型,对模型的求解条件及多解性进行了分析。给出一种基于负熵极大的FastICA算法,讨论该算法在地震信号去噪中的应用。仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

地铁车轮振动声辐射特性和车轮降噪

为降低地铁车轮振动噪声,建立车轮三维有限元模型实体网格,利用有限元法计算车轮的固有频率和模态振型;将径向单位力激励下的车轮表面振动速度作为边界条件,采用直接边界元法分析车轮振动声辐射特性;利用阻尼措施降低车轮辐射噪声.结果表明：轮辐和踏面是产生高频噪声的主要部位,在3 731.3 Hz的声功率级最高为69.2 dB(A),此频率下轮辐对总声压贡献最大;采用阻尼措施后声功率级最高值下降4.7 dB(A).数值仿真结果可以为低噪声车轮的研究提供参考.     

Development of a parallel Poisson's equation solver with adaptive mesh refinement and its application in field emission prediction

A parallel electrostatic Poisson's equation solver coupled with parallel adaptive mesh refinement (PAMR) is developed in this paper. The three-dimensional Poisson's equation is discretized using the Galerkin finite element method using a tetrahedral mesh. The resulting matrix equation is then solved through the parallel conjugate gradient method using the non-overlapping subdomain-by-subdomain scheme. A PAMR module is coupled with this parallel Poisson's equation solver to adaptively refine the mesh where the variation of potentials is large. The parallel performance of the parallel Poisson's equation is studied by simulating the potential distribution of a CNT-based triode-type field emitter. Results with ∼100 000 nodes show that a parallel efficiency of 84.2% is achieved in 32 processors of a PC-cluster system. The field emission properties of a single CNT triode- and tetrode-type field emitter in a periodic cell are computed to demonstrate their potential application in field emission prediction.     

光栅传感器及在流量测试中的应用

针对模拟式流量传感器测试准确度低的缺点 ,开发了基于脉冲量输出的流量测试装置 ,它由高准确度的光栅传感器和低摩擦的计量油缸构成 ,研制出“频率 /周期法”测试软件 ,即将测频法 (对大流量的测试 )与测周法 (对小流量的测试 )结合起来 ,以适应极宽范围的流量测试     

地铁列车车内低频结构噪声仿真

建立某地铁列车车体结构和车内声腔有限元模型,进行声固耦合模态分析,得到车体结构和车内声腔的模态特征。将车体动力学模型计算得到的车体振动激励施加于声固耦合模型中,分析地铁列车车内低频噪声和车身板件声压贡献量,得到对观察点声压贡献较大的板件,有针对性地提出车体结构改善方案,降低观察点处的噪声,为地铁列车车内噪声优化提供指导。     

基于FE-SEA混合法的机舱内中频噪声预测技术

为充分降低机舱中频噪声的振荡频率,获得更加精确的频段波分析结果,提出一种基于FE-SEA混合法的机舱内中频噪声预测技术手段。按照原理参数的获取现状,划分机舱子系统中的节点属性结构,完成FE-SEA混合法的建模处理。在此基础上,筛查频段中的所有共节点,根据中频孔洞的密封原理,建立标准的噪声腔子系统,再联合各项预应连接结构,实现机舱中频噪声的预处理。分别从频段精度、子系统稳定性、噪声损耗因子、传输路径四个方面,分析FE-SEA混合法对噪声预测的控制条件,实现机舱内中频噪声预测手段的顺利应用。实用分析结果表明,与SEA方法相比,FE-SEA混合法预测技术可将机舱中频噪声振荡频率稳定在100Hz左右,对频段波精确分析起到适当促进作用。     

船舶振动及舱室噪声评价集成软件开发

基于国际标准化组织（International Standard Organization, ISO）和国际海事组织（International Maritime Organization, IMO）关于船舶振动和噪声的评价标准,开发船舶振动及噪声一体化评估集成软件,给出船舶振动和噪声的评价方法和流程.实船振动和声学设计算例验证该软件评估结果的可靠性及评估过程的高效性.     

高速铁路声屏障几何形状对降噪效果的影响

针对采用声屏障技术控制高速铁路列车噪声污染时,用具有演算性质的方法计算声屏障插入损失很难实现声屏障精确设计的问题,利用边界元法建立高速铁路区间声屏障降噪预测模型,对声屏障插入损失进行数值计算. 研究结果表明:声屏障对高频噪声的隔断好于低频噪声;声屏障越高引起的声压插入损失越大;对比圆弧型、T型、人字型、内倾型、倒L型和直立型声屏障的降噪效果,前两者效果最好,人字型、内倾型和倒L型声屏障略优于直立型声屏障.     

三维渗流有限元软件GWSS开发与应用

针对复杂地质条件的三维地质建模、复杂建筑物的几何建模和复杂防渗排水系统作用下渗流场精细模拟等三维渗流场有限元分析的难点问题,采用IDL开发面向水工结构和岩土工程的渗流有限元分析软件GWSS（Ground Water Simulation System）.该软件包括系统控制模块、数据管理模块、前处理模块、计算模块、后处理模块和制图输出模块等六大模块.前处理模块具有基于钻孔和钻孔剖面的三维地质建模、几何建模与有限元网格生成等功能;计算模块主要用于各种闸坝、堤防、隧道和地下洞室等渗流问题的计算分析等;后处理模块可显示各渗流要素的三维云图和任意截面的二维云图等.GWSS已经在国内四十多个工程的渗流计算中得到应用和检验.     

面向环境力学的离散元分析软件研发和工程应用

离散元计算分析软件对解决环境力学中的离散介质问题有至关重要的作用.针对环境灾害中的非规则颗粒单元,以圆球颗粒为基本单元,分别构造镶嵌组合单元、黏结组合单元、扩展圆盘单元和扩展多面体单元等,并在此基础上开发基于球形颗粒离散元方法的分析软件(Software of Spherical Particle-based Discrete Element Method,SDEM).该软件可模拟碎冰、岩石和道砟等颗粒材料的力学行为,能直观展现这些力学过程的发生、发展和演化;基于GPU的并行计算实现离散元大规模计算的高效性.对SDEM软件在地质灾害、工程海冰和铁路道床等领域的应用进行介绍.     

小波变换自适应滤波器及在主动噪声控制中的应用

讨论了传统的 L MS在信号处理中的不足 ,研究了小波变换自适应算法 (WL MS)的滤波器结构和实现 ,并将其应用于主动噪声控制。仿真结果表明 ,与传统的 L MS算法相比 ,WL MS算法的收敛速度和稳定性得到显著的提高     

多物理场耦合软件GTEA开发及应用

围绕多物理场耦合问题,基于连续介质假设,采用非结构化网格和有限体积方法开发多物理场耦合并行计算软件GTEA。该软件包括计算流体力学、结构应力波传播、流 声耦合和声 固耦合等4个功能模块。介绍GTEA前处理网格读取、网格格式转换、求解器开发等关键技术。通过柴油机缸内工作过程模拟、船舶水动力计算、自然对流与辐射传热耦合作用、流场动力噪声计算和结构 声耦合计算等5个典型应用展示该软件的应用能力和适用范围。     

有色噪声条件下的子空间辨识改进方法及应用

针对工业生产过程中噪声往往为有色噪声的情况,提出一种改进的子空间辨识方法。传统的子空间辨识方法在系统存在有色噪声时辨识效果不佳,改进方法则采用变换系统模型形式来克服有色噪声对系统的影响,在辨识时直接利用变换系统模型后的数据得到系统较为准确的状态空间模型,实践证明,状态空间模型更适用于工业过程。连续搅拌反应釜（CSTR）系统是一类典型的工业生产系统,将子空间辨识方法应用于CSTR过程的仿真实验,通过比较改进前和改进后的系统预测误差,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Error analysis and adaptive refinement of boundary elements in elastic problem

The adaptive boundary element mesh generation based on an error analysis scheme called ‘sample point error analysis’ developed previously for the potential problem is extended and applied to the two-dimensional static elastic analysis. The errors on each element are determined as the required modification so aa to enforce the boundary integral equation to hold on the points other than the assumed initial nodes, which are referred to as the sample points. Boundary elements refinement, h-version in this study, is performed with the aid of the extended error indicator defined by the above-mentioned errors multiplied by the corresponding fundamental solutions. Two-dimensional simple problems are analysed to validate the utility of the proposed method.     

Finite element methods for unsteady solidification problems arising in prediction of morphological structure

Galerkin finite element methods are presented for calculation of the dynamic transitions between planar and deep two-dimensional cellular interface morphologies in directional solidification of a binary alloy from models that include solute transport, the phase diagram, and the interfacial free energy between melt and crystals. The unknown melt-solid interface shape is accounted for in the finite element formulation by mapping the equations to a fixed domain. Novel nonorthogonal transformations are introduced combining cylindrical and Cartesian coordinate interface representations for approximating the deep cellular interfaces that evolve from a planar solidification front. The algorithm for time integration combines a fully implicit Adams-Moulton algorithm with the Isotherm-Newton method for solving the nonlinear set of differential-algebraic equations that result from the spatial discretization of the moving-boundary problem. The fully implicit scheme is found to be more accurate and efficient than an explicit predictor-corrector algorithm. Sample calculations show the connectivity between families of shapes with resonant spatial wavelengths.     

Comparison of four task-based measurement indices with full-shift dosimetry in a complicated noise environment

This study was conducted to verify the agreement between four task-based measurement indices (TBMs) and full-shift dosimetry in a complicated noise environment. The study involved six production lines and 63 fixed jobs from an automobile wheel manufacturer. The subjects were simultaneously measured by the TBMs and a personal dosimeter, and 158 measurements were completed in total. There were two methods for measuring the level-at-task: average dosimetry noise level (ADL) and direct measure noise level (DML), and two methods for measuring time-at-task: worker diary (WD) and observation diary (OD). As for the differences, Pearson correlation coefficients, paired-samples t-tests, scatter and Bland–Altman plots were undertaken to assess the agreement between TBMs and the dosimeter. The results indicated that the TBMs agreed well with the personal dosimeter; the differences between them ranged from 0.16 to 3.07 dBA. The DML of level-at-task was less than the ADL result of 3.39 dBA and using the DML could cause a systematic error. The results showed that the TBMs from WD were as accurate as the TBMs from OD, and the WD recorded 88% of the task transitions of OD. Our research suggests that the TBMs, which uses ADL and OD, can be a reliable and more feasible as a cost effective strategy for assessing the full-shift noise exposures in practice. The study showed a high degree of agreement between TBM and dosimetry in fixed jobs and complicated noise environments. However it is not clear how well the agreement between TBM and dosimetry is in mobile jobs, and thus requires further studies to assess these environments.     

反问题的Landweber迭代法及其应用研究进展

基于Landweber迭代法在研究反问题中的广泛应用, 综述了国内外关于Landweber迭代法用于反问题求解的研究现状、基本理论与相关结论, 介绍了Landweber迭代在一些领域, 特别是计算机图像重建等方面的应用, 并简要提出了关于Landweber迭代法今后的一些研究方向。     

贝叶斯缺陷分析模型及其在软件测试中的应用

针对面向对象软件提出了一种以贝叶斯网络理论为基础的软件缺陷分析模型,通过分析系统中存在缺陷对象之间的影响关系构建贝叶斯网络模型,利用已有的经验数据评估贝叶斯网络模型中各节点的缺陷概率分布,并与软件测试过程相结合,直接从测试设计级别为测试人员提供相关决策支持。将该模型应用到实际的项目中,取得了较好的效果。