Effect of high-fat diets supplemented with okara soybean by-product on lipid profiles of plasma,liver and faeces in Syrian hamsters

The main components of okara, a by-product from soybean, are dietary fibre and protein. In this study we fed okara based diets with different amounts of fibre, protein and isoflavones to determine their effect on the lipid profile in the plasma, liver and faeces of an animal model. Male golden Syrian hamsters were fed high-fat diets supplemented with okara for 3 weeks. The supplemented diets contained 13% or 20% of okara fibre (OK-13 and OK-20), low-protein okara with 13% of fibre (OK1-13), and isoflavone-free okara with 13% of fibre (OK2-13). Okara supplemented diets did not produce significant differences in the feed intake or body weight gain (p > 0.05). The plasma levels of triglycerides, VLDL- plus LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol in hamsters fed OK-20 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to the 20% control group (C-20). However, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in LDL- and HDL-cholesterol plasma levels in all experiments. Total lipids, triglycerides, total and esterified cholesterol concentrations in liver were reduced by OK-20 diet. Regarding the hamsters fed OK-13 diets, the mean values of the total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol in the plasma and liver decreased as compared to the control (C-13), but the differences were not statistically significant. All of the okara diets assayed increased the faecal excretion of total lipids, triglycerides, free cholesterol and total nitrogen (p < 0.05) compared to their respective controls. Our results suggest that the main components of okara, dietary fibre and protein, could be related with the total lipids and cholesterol decrease in the plasma and liver, as well as with the faecal output increase in high-fat fed hamsters. Okara might play an interesting role in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and could be used as a natural ingredient or supplement for functional food preparation.     

Influence of particle size on protein extractability from soybean and okara

Nitrogen Solubility Index (NSI) of okara was 38 which was only about half of soybean (71). Maximum protein recovery of 97.0% and 93.4% was achieved with soybean and okara flour from their respective fine fractions (<75 μm) in a three-step-sequential extraction. Recovery of protein from unclassified primary ground flour of soy and okara was much lower compared to their corresponding fine fractions (particle size <75 μm). Secondary grinding of coarse fraction improved the overall protein recovery to an extent of 3.3% in okara and to a much larger extent of 6.8% in soybean. Results showed that a two-step sequential extraction with respective solid-to-solvent (w/v) ratios of 1:20 and 1:10 was suitable in terms of protein recovery. Protein recovery from soy granules and okara flakes improved by 30.6% and 6.9%, respectively with the introduction of primary and secondary grinding steps indicating the benefits of the proposed approach for practical applications.     

Soybean proteins in correction of coronary risk factors in patients with cardiovascular diseases

At 95 patients with coronary artery disease and high blood pressure studied influence of a diet with low lipid by a directedness including yields of processing soy, on dynamics(changes) of clinical symptoms, indexes lipid of the status and coronary risk factors. The application of a diet, 50% of fiber in which was replaced on soy protein isolate, promoted positive dynamics(changes) of clinical manifestations of disease on a hum noise of improving of indexes lipid of a spectrum and coronary risk factors. The research has shown, that the use in the treat-preventive purposes soy protein isolate is rather perspective.     

生产带皮大豆粕预处理工艺设备对能耗的影响

在生产带皮大豆粕预处理工艺中,胚片烘干一般使用穿流干燥机或气流干燥箱,使用这两种设备能耗基本相同;软化通常使用调质塔或卧式软化锅或立式软化锅,使用调质塔软化能耗最低,卧式软化锅软化能耗次之,立式软化锅软化能耗最高。     

Sensorial and biological evaluation of an extruded product made from corn supplemented with soybean and safflower pastes

A puffed product was made by extruding corn flour supplemented with soybean and safflower pastes. Mixes with the following proportions of corn flour, soybean and safflower pastes: (i) 89:8:3, (ii) 83:11:6 and (iii) 80:17:3 were extruded. The corn flour, soybean and safflower pastes used had 6.6%, 45.9% and 32.9% protein content respectively. In addition, the soybean paste contained 11.78 units of inhibited trypsin/mg of sample, which means it was appropriate for human consumption. Sensory evaluation of extruded products showed that there were no significant differences in flavour, crunchiness and acceptance in the case of products 1 and 3, when compared with samples made from corn flour alone. Product 2 had lower scores, as it had a bitter taste because of the greater amount of safflower paste used. Biological testing showed that all the products containing soybean and safflower pastes were superior to the 100% corn diet in terms of food conversion, growth rate and weight gain.     

影响男式T恤消费的产品因素调查与分析

通过对330名男性消费者的问卷调查,了解影响男式T恤消费的主要产品因素和消费者对产品因素反应的差异.通过调查分析,发现不同职业、年龄、收入的男性消费者在购买T恤时,对T恤产品因素的反应有较大差异.提出了改进营销方式、扩大T恤销售的策略.     

Relation of basic risk factors for ischemic heart diseases to the consumption of foodstuffs based on population research data

Actual nutrition and its association with risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) were studied in a population of males aged 50-54 years living in Tallinn, as a whole and with regard to their nationality. Imbalance, as well as difference in the nutrition of the Estonians and Russians have been revealed. The incidence rate of CHD is directly associated with the total fat consumption; arterial hypertension is associated with alcohol intake; excessive body weight--with low consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFA), low ratios of PUSFA and saturated fatty acids (SFA), and with high protein consumption. Inverse relationship of cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDLP) content with fat consumption, and direct relationship with other complex carbohydrates have been recorded. Triglyceride content is directly related with the consumption of fats, proteins and complex carbohydrates, and inversely related with PUSFA consumption, cholesterol content is in inverse relationship with starch consumption.     

大豆多肽对乳酸菌增殖作用的影响研究

研究大豆多肽对乳酸菌增殖作用.用大豆多肽按比例替代脱脂乳粉制作复原乳,接种乳酸菌于41 ℃恒温静态培养,测定乳酸菌培养过程中培养液的pH值、滴定酸度、乳酸菌生长量以及贮藏期活菌数.试验结果表明,大豆多肽添加量为3%时,乳酸菌活菌数增菌数达到最高,为1.2×107 CFU/mL.发酵终点乳酸菌活菌数是空白对照组菌数的1.3倍.     

Effects of a liquid egg product containing fish oil on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized crossover trial

The objective of the present human study was to evaluate the potential for a liquid egg product containing fish oil (providing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) as a functional food to favourably modify circulating triglyceride levels and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A two-period randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted in 16 healthy males with moderately elevated triglyceride levels. The participants were randomly assigned to consume either a breakfast containing the liquid egg product providing 1.3 g/day of EPA/DHA combined or a control breakfast, each for 21 days.The breakfast containing the liquid egg product significantly decreased the plasma triglyceride levels by 32% (P < 0.05), the triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio by 37% (P < 0.05), and moderately reduced blood pressures whereas no such effects were observed with the control breakfast. No effects on total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed. The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipid showed an increase of 210% (P < 0.001) in EPA and 96% (P < 0.001) in DHA and shifting to a lower risk status for the EPA/DHA sum. Use of this liquid egg product as a functional food could serve as a dietary intervention for supporting CVD risk management.     

醇法大豆浓缩蛋白副产物糖蜜喷涂大豆皮生产实践

糖蜜作为醇法大豆浓缩蛋白的主要副产物,长期以来没有得到足够的利用。糖蜜含有丰富的糖类和大豆异黄酮等成分,通过喷涂到大豆皮上制成糖蜜豆皮,可作为饲料添加剂使用。介绍了糖蜜豆皮的生产工艺,分析了影响糖蜜喷涂比例的因素以及生产工艺关键控制点,并对经济效益进行了测算。通过控制糖蜜黏度、气流干燥热风温度等因素,可使糖蜜与大豆皮的喷涂比例提高至1∶1,不仅增加了糖蜜的利用效率,而且可提高企业的经济效益。     

日尺度下的干旱区成龄枣树耗水量敏感因素建模分析--测试文章

以新疆阿克苏地区成龄枣树为研究对象,以日均气温(x₁)、日均相对湿度(x₂)、日均风速(x₃)、日太阳辐射总量(x₄)、日均大气压(x₅)、0～100 cm土壤日均含水率(x₆)及0～20 cm土壤日均温度(x₇)为模型影响因子,采用偏最小二乘回归法建立了枣树耗水量预测模型,在此基础上运用缺省因子法分析了枣树耗水量对各因子的敏感性,并采用灰色关联分析法加以验证。结果表明：偏最小二乘回归模型(PLSR)具有较高的模拟精度（相关系数r=0.9789）,不仅能够定量预测枣树耗水量（平均相对误差为6.40%）,而且能够从机理上解释各因素对耗水量的影响;枣树耗水量对太阳辐射能量、土壤含水率和温度这3因素最为敏感（敏感性指数分别为3.24、2.18和2.09）;基于缺省因子法的枣树耗水敏感因素排序（x₄＞x₁＞x₆＞x₃＞x₇＞x₂＞x₅）与灰色关联分析计算结果（x₄＞x₁＞x₆＞x₃＞x₇＞x₅＞x₂）基本一致,尤其在主要影响因素的判别上是完全一致的。     

Effects of Dichrostachys glomerata spice on cardiovascular diseases risk factors in normoglycemic and type 2 diabetic obese volunteers

Previous in vivo and in vitro experimental studies have shown Dichrostachys glomerata (DG), a spice used in western Cameroon, to have potential antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of orally administered DG on various cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese normoglycemic and obese type 2 diabetic human subjects. The study was an 8 week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design with obese and obese/diabetic participants (20 males, 72 females, ages 25-65). The subjects were randomly divided into four groups: 2 normoglycemic obese groups (active; placebo) and two type 2 diabetic obese groups (active; placebo). Capsules containing the active (400 mg DG) or placebo formulation were administered 30-60 min before lunch and dinner throughout the study period. A total of 7 anthropometric and hemodynamic as well as 7 biochemical measurements were taken at the beginning of the study and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. All diabetic patients maintained their prior lifestyle intervention and dietary control for the duration of the study. Compared to the two placebo groups, the two active groups showed statistically significant differences on all 14 variables between Weeks 0 and 8. These included body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, body fat, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobulin. The results confirm the hypothesis that DG appears to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese normoglycemic and obese type 2 diabetic human subjects.     

Evaluation of potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible products from livestock fed ration supplemented with Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth

ABSTRACT

Red Lake Diatomaceous Earth (DE) is a naturally occurring blend of diatomaceous earth and calcium bentonite that can be used as an anti-caking agent in animal feed and contains naturally occurring dioxins. A quantitative risk assessment was conducted to assess potential human health risk associated with consumption of edible tissues from livestock exposed to dioxins via feed containing Red Lake DE. Empirical data characterising the transfer of dioxins to eggs and other tissues in chickens demonstrate that resulting concentrations in eggs are lower than those found in the general food supply. These data also provided product-specific input for a risk assessment conducted both with default parameters and with media-specific input from the feed study. Results demonstrate that exposure to dioxins in edible tissue from livestock that consumed Red Lake DE in feed would not be associated with an increased risk to humans. Findings from this assessment highlight the utility and importance of accounting for bioavailability as part of health-based risk assessment and provide information critical to risk managers in determining the safe use of Red Lake DE as an anticaking agent in livestock and pet feed.     

豆粕粉碎工艺设备对能耗的影响

为符合国家饲用豆粕的质量标准和满足饲料加工对豆粕外观和粒度大小的要求,大豆加工厂在豆粕打包销售前要求对豆粕都进行粉碎处理.介绍了国内豆粕粉碎工艺技术、不同型式粉碎机的工作原理与技术规格,并比较分析不同豆粕粉碎设备对能耗的影响.     

Analysis of modern concepts concerning the role of processed soybean products in diet therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases

In this review the analysis of chemical structure of soybeans is given, are indicated and the outcomes of evaluation of medical and preventive efficiency of use soy and products of its processing in a feed of the patients with cardiovascular diseases on data of experimental researches and clinical natural observations are discussed.     

Change of natural antibody levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases by the use of anti-atherogenic diets with processed soy product foods

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with soy oil and soy protein on dynamic of clinic manifestation and immune status patients with IND and HBP. The results of investigations indicated that a (?).     

Survey of temperature and consumption patterns of fresh-cut leafy green salads: risk factors for listeriosis

Increasing demand for fresh-cut or ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables, developed to meet the consumer need for quick and convenient products, has prompted extensive research into their microbiological quality, safety, processing, and packaging. The microbial ecology of Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as a major safety concern for fresh-cut produce. A survey was performed to collect information on consumption patterns of fresh-cut leafy green salads and the temperature of domestic refrigerators. Salad consumption was low-moderate: 24.3% of respondents never purchased fresh-cut leafy green salads; of those who reported buying these products, 7.41% did so more than twice a week, 17.28% once or twice a week, 29.63% once or twice a month, and 45.68% occasionally. Saving time and convenience were the advantages most widely reported by consumers. A total of 9.9% of respondents did not always respect the "use-by" date of fresh-cut salads, a negative practice that could contribute to the risk of listeriosis. Temperatures reported in domestic refrigerators were compatible with the growth of L. monocytogenes on ready-to-eat salads. Variations in average temperature followed a normal distribution, N(6.62, 2.56), while the variability of temperature variance was described by a gamma distribution, G(2.00, 1.00). As expected, when a time of day-temperature profile was plotted over a 24-h period, changes corresponding to the transition between day and night were observed. Knowledge of consumption patterns and consumer hygiene practices is essential, first in assessing the risk of listeriosis (risk assessment) and second in taking measures to manage that risk (risk management).     

反胶束萃取技术制备大豆蛋白组分的电泳法研究

对不同条件下丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)/异辛烷反胶束溶液萃取的大豆蛋白进行电泳分析,同时考察反胶束萃取与碱溶酸沉法生产大豆蛋白产品组分的差异.蛋白产品组分分析表明,随着反胶团"水池"半径的减小,反胶束能萃取较大的大豆蛋白质亚基的比例有明显的减小;大豆分离蛋白与反胶束萃取的大豆蛋白所含的亚基比例有明显的差别.