碱性蛋白酶酶解谷朊粉制备谷朊粉蛋白多肽的研究

以小麦淀粉生产的副产物谷朊粉为原料,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究酶解时间、底物浓度、酶浓度、溶液pH、酶解温度对谷朊粉水解度的影响,探索碱性蛋白酶酶解小麦谷朊粉的最佳工艺条件。分析发现五个因素对谷朊粉水解度的影响由强到弱的次序依次为:溶液pH酶解温度酶浓度底物浓度酶解时间;结果表明:酶解时间3h、底物浓度9%、酶浓度4%、底物pH=8.0、55℃时谷朊粉的水解度最高,此时谷朊粉的水解度为22.96%。在最佳水解条件下通过Tricine SDS-PAGE确定谷朊粉蛋白多肽的分子量分布范围在8.04~50.12ku之间。     

中性蛋白酶对葵花分离蛋白水解作用的研究

利用中性蛋白酶对葵花分离蛋白进行水解,以水解度和氮溶指数为指标,考察了pH、温度、底物浓度、酶底比、酶解时间对水解效果的影响,确定了葵花分离蛋白的较佳水解条件:温度50℃,pH 7.5,底物浓度8%,酶底比3%,酶解时间4 h。同时,研究了不同水解时间下蛋白酶解产物的感观品质和功能性质。     

不同酶解因素对酪蛋白酶解产物水解度的影响

以底物浓度([E])、酶用量([E]/[S])、酶解温度(T)、酶解时间(t)和pH值五个因素作为因变量,采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计确定酪蛋白的水解条件,以水解度(DH)作为考察指标,分析了不同酶解条件对水解度的影响.分析结果表明在试验设定条件下,酪蛋白酶解产物的水解度介于9.74%和24.02%之间,在五个试验因素中,酶解温度对酪蛋白酶解产物水解度的影响最大,酶用量次之.降维分析显示底物浓度与反应时间、酶用量与反应时间、酶解温度与时间等之间的交互作用对酶解产物的水解度均有一定影响.     

Protex-6L碱性蛋白酶酶解绿豆分离蛋白的工艺研究

选用Protex-6L蛋白酶对绿豆分离蛋白进行酶法水解生成肽和氨基酸。以水解度为考察指标,对其酶解工艺进行优化。基于单因素实验,考察了酶解参数:pH、酶解温度、底物浓度、加酶量、酶解时间等对酶解的影响,利用designexpert软件设计响应面对酶解条件进行优化分析,并在最优条件下通过SephadexG-75分析水解产物的分子量分布。结果表明:pH8.85、酶解温度57.34℃、底物质量分数7.00%、加酶量6884.36U/g、酶解时间4.19h,此条件下的绿豆分离蛋白的水解度(DH)为36.60%。水解得到的小肽分子量大部分都小于4000u。     

微波辅助酶解提取硫酸软骨素下脚料中胶原蛋白肽的工艺研究

以生产硫酸软骨素的下脚料为原料,采用微波辅助酶解制备胶原蛋白肽,以水解度、相对分子量分布为指标确定最佳水解条件。通过对酸性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶及风味蛋白酶进行筛选,确定风味蛋白酶水解产物的水解度最高;研究了加酶量、底物浓度、反应温度、pH对酶解反应的影响,确定酶解的最优工艺条件为:加酶量6%,底物浓度10%,反应温度50℃,pH7.0。此外,与单独的酶解相比,微波辅助酶解缩短了酶解时间近50%,分子量小于1 000的胶原蛋白肽比例占91.2%。     

牛骨蛋白酶解工艺条件的优化

以水解度和氮收率为指标,研究酶制剂种类、底物质量浓度、加酶量、酶解时间、pH 值及酶解温度对牛骨酶解工艺的影响,并采用二次正交旋转组合设计进行工艺优化,得到最佳优化工艺条件：确定木瓜蛋白酶作为试验用酶、底物质量浓度1g/100mL、加酶量6000U/g、酶解温度60℃、pH6.5、酶解时间3h。在该条件下制备的酶解产物水解度可达26.27%。考虑到酶解后固形物的产率,选取底物质量浓度为5g/100mL 进行工艺试验,根据回归方程可得水解度的理论值为18.33%。经反复实验证实,在5g/100mL 的底物质量浓度条件下,牛骨酶解产物水解度可达16.5%～20%,氮收率可达84.5%～92%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白的研究

本研究选用枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶对大豆蛋白进行水解,分别研究了酶浓度、温度、pH和底物浓度等对酶解效果的影响,得出高水解度低聚肽酶解的最佳工艺条件为:酶浓度8000u/g、温度55℃、pH7.0、底物浓度2%、水解时间4h。     

碱性蛋白酶酶解高温豆粕技术的研究

以高温豆粕为原料,通过单因素试验、正交试验进行直观分析和方差分析,确定碱性蛋白酶酶解高温豆粕的优化条件。以大豆肽水解度为指标,考察温度、时间、pH、加酶量、底物浓度等因素对水解度的影响。优化的酶解条件为:温度55℃、酶解时间为4h、pH为9.0、加酶量为9 600U/g(底物)、底物浓度为10%,在此条件下做验证试验得到的大豆肽水解度为34.93%。     

枯草芽孢杆菌脱苦氨肽酶在水解大豆分离蛋白中的应用研究

研究了氨肽酶与碱性蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白的有限水解作用,在单酶单因素水解条件的基础上,用正交实验优化两酶协同水解大豆分离蛋白的酶解条件,得出最佳水解条件为:温度50℃、pH8.5、两酶与底物浓度比均为10000U/g、底物浓度60g/L,水解时间4h,水解度达25.0%,水解液几乎不呈现苦味,且分子量低于1000的部分约占45%.     

木瓜蛋白酶制备草鱼鳞胶原肽的工艺优化及产物特性分析

以草鱼鱼鳞为对象,研究木瓜蛋白酶酶解条件对鱼鳞蛋白酶解产物水解度和氮收率的影响,以获得较高氮收率及水解度的鱼鳞胶原肽。结果表明,水解温度、起始pH值、底物浓度和加酶量对木瓜蛋白酶水解产物的水解度和氮收率都有显著影响(p<0.05);木瓜蛋白酶在底物浓度为5%、起始pH值为5.0、加酶量为3000 U/g蛋白、水解温度为60℃条件下水解鱼鳞120 min,鱼鳞水解产物的水解度和氮收率都较好,其水解度为12.68%、氮收率为89.42%;且水解产物在酸性、中性及碱性条件下的溶解性均在97%以上,分子量呈连续分布,主要分布在200～ 5000 u之间。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the