试析黄山风景区森林消防、生态保护水网工程建设

指出黄山风景区森林消防，生态保护水网工程建设的必要性，分析选用水灭火法新建森林防火水网工程方素的可行性，介绍该工程建设的概况和特点及其重要意义。     

浅谈江南水网大口径管道施工之水塘穿越

西气东输工程的施工难点堪称世界之最者为“三山一塬，五越一网”：即管线人穿越太行山，太岳山，吕梁山和黄土塬；管道三次穿跨越黄河，另有长江，淮河和江南水网地带，其中江南水网地段主要为常州－上海。     

源水中藻毒素污染的探讨

对某市源水中的藻毒素高发期、藻毒素的分布、藻密度作了分析，并探讨了藻毒素浓度和藻毒素产经与水中氮、磷浓度的关系，以及常规水处理工艺对藻及藻毒素的去除率。     

浅谈苏州传统建筑的白蚁危害与防治

苏州是一个具有两千五百多年历史的文化名城，是全国重点旅游城市。苏州古城座落在水网之中，街道依河而建，水陆并行；建筑临水而造，前巷后河，形成“小桥、流水、人家”的独特风貌。而苏州地处长江下游太湖水网地区，气候温暖湿润，适宜黄胸散白蚁、黑胸散白蚁、家白蚁、黑翅土白蚁等     

不同水处理工艺流程对除藻效果的影响

为了解和考察不同处理流程、各种预氧化剂的除藻效果及对除藻特性的影响，首先研究了春季天津市“引黄”原水藻类的数量与分布特征，发现该季节优势藻为小球藻、绿梭藻和栅列藻。对比了预氯化沉淀、单独气浮、预臭氧化气浮和高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)预氧化气浮工艺的除藻效果和除藻特性。结果表明各种工艺流程的除藻特性有明显差异，采用气浮工艺代替沉淀工艺能够提高对原水中不同优势藻的去除率，预臭氧化和PPC预氧化能够进一步提高气浮工艺对优势藻的去除率。PPC预氧化去除小球藻更有效，而预臭氧化去除绿梭藻和栅列藻效果更好。预臭氧化和PPC预氧化能够提高气浮工艺去除叶绿素a的能力。     

生物接触氧化法对引滦水中藻类的去除

采用生物接触氧化法对引滦水进行了除藻试验，研究了气水比、水力负荷、有机负荷、藻负荷以及藻种类对除藻效率的影响，并对生物除藻机理进行了分析。     

古代城市里的桥

关于城池的建设都是离不开水，古今都是相同的。过去建城尽量濒临江河湖海，就算在旱陆建城，往往也引导河水进入城中。在南方则习惯性建设水网城市，特别是江南广大地区，采取在城中建设水网，使城内处处有水，街旁有河，构造河街与水巷的风貌，增添无限风光。 在城市里建设水网，必然要建造桥，人们才可能通行无阻。在河上架桥，都是固定的，并非临时性桥，所以这些桥必须结实壮观，玲珑秀美。既可作为城市的点辍，又可增加城市的美感。我国历代建设的这些桥，式样多端，为城市增添了一幅一幅的画面，有骆锅桥、拱桥、屋桥、平桥、栏干桥…     

广东规划珠三角供水网建设

广东省近日发布《珠江三角洲主要城市优质供水网建设规划意见》。按照《意见》，珠江三角洲水厂和管网改造将按照一次性规划、分步实施、新旧城区区别对待。新城市和新城区的供水网建设要从水源、制水、供水三方面一步到位；老城区可逐步改造。在自来水尚未全面达到直接饮用标准的情况下，作为过渡性措施，建     

山东省城市水源水质污染特征分析与评价

近年来，藻污染现象日趋严重，成为我省各地普遍存在的水质问题。2002年初，我省城市供水行业科技人员成立课题组，共同开展“城市供水藻污染控制”课题研究，并申报了《山东省城市供水藻类污染特征及水厂除藻工艺的研究与示范工程》项目，该课题被列入山东省2002年度科技攻关计划项目（课题计划号022150102），属环境与可持续发展领域的应用开发项目。本项目针对我省城市供水行业日益突出的藻污染问题，分析了山东省城市供水藻污染特征及水质安全性，研究了常规处理工艺除藻特性和存在的技术缺陷，重点研究开发了微生物絮凝剂强化混凝处理高藻水技术、微絮凝活性炭床浮滤池除藻技术、安全预氧化和臭氧活性炭等关键除藻技术。本文主要对山东省城市供水水源水质污染特征进行论述。     

NaClO与KMnO4氧化对针杆藻灭活特性研究

以针杆藻（Synedra sp 。）为研究对象，考察了 NaClO 与 KMnO4在不同投量和不同 pH 条件下对针杆藻的灭活特点以及对光合活性的影响。结果表明，在0～5 mg／L 投加范围内，NaClO对针杆藻的灭活效果随剂量的增大而提高，投加量为3 mg／L 是抑制藻活性的最佳投量，并且在酸性条件下 NaClO 能更好的发挥其氧化降解的作用；KMnO4对针杆藻的降解效果不明显，说明投加KMnO4（≤5 mg／L）对针杆藻没有很好的灭活效果。氯化对针杆藻灭活效果好，但是会造成细胞解体，引起藻内有机物的释放，危及饮用水安全。     

Accumulation of copper, lead, manganese and iron by field populations of Hydrodictyon reticulatum (Linn.) Lagerheim.

The potential of 'water-net' Hydrodictyon reticulatum to accumulate copper, lead, manganese and iron was determined in seven polluted water bodies having different physicochemical characteristics. The lead accumulation was linearly related with ambient concentration whereas in case of copper, manganese and iron it was maximum at lowest ambient level of metals. Investigations on response of alga to various concentrations of test metals under single metal treatments revealed that the algal cells are saturated at high equilibrium concentration of greater than 0.5 (lead), greater than 2.5 (copper and iron) and greater than 5.0 (manganese) mg/l. Alkaline pH favoured accumulation of these metals under field conditions. Alga showed high concentration factor (Cf) for all the metals both under field and laboratory conditions. However, Cf value was higher in case of manganese and iron in natural populations. Results indicate the possibility of using this alga in waste water treatment programmes.     

硫化氢对三元乙丙橡胶止水带性能的影响

采用不同浓度的H2S气体和H2S溶液对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)止水带进行了腐蚀试验,研究了H2S气体和H2S溶液的浓度及腐蚀时间对EPDM止水带质量变化和力学性能的影响。结果表明,H2S气体和H2S溶液腐蚀后EPDM止水带的质量增加,拉伸强度、扯断伸长率和撕裂强度下降,并且随浓度增大和腐蚀时间延长,质量增加和力学性能降低程度变大。在不同浓度的H2S气体和H2S溶液中,EPDM止水带的力学性能基本上均表现为前期迅速下降、后期下降速度减缓。     

Comparison of pulsed and continuous addition of H2 gas via membranes for stimulating PCE biodegradation in soil columns

Column experiments were performed to investigate a technology for remediating aquifers contaminated with chlorinated solvents. The technology involves installation of hollow-fiber membranes in the subsurface to supply hydrogen gas (H2) to groundwater to support biological reductive dechlorination in situ. Three laboratory-scale columns [control (N2 only), continuous H2, and pulsed H2] were packed with aquifer material from a trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated wetland in Minnesota and supplied with perchloroethene (PCE)-contaminated synthetic groundwater. The main goals of the research were: (1) evaluate the long-term performance of the H2 supply system and (2) compare the effects of pulsed (4 h on, 20 h off) versus continuous H2 supply (lumen partial pressure approximately 1.2 atm) on PCE dechlorination and production of by-products (i.e. methane and acetate). The silicone-coated fiberglass membranes employed in these experiments were robust, delivering H2 steadily over the entire 349-day experiment. Methane production decreased when H2 was added in a pulsed manner. Nevertheless, the percentage of added H2 used to support methanogenesis was similar in both H2-fed columns (92-93%). For much of the experiment, PCE dechlorination (observed end product = dichloroethene) in the continuous and pulsed H2 columns was comparable, and enhanced in comparison to the natural attenuation observed in the control column. Dechlorination began to decline in the pulsed H2 column after 210 days, however, while dechlorination in the continuous H2 column was sustained. Acetate was detected only in the continuous H2 column, at concentrations of up to 36 microM. The results of this research suggest that in situ stimulation of PCE dechlorination by direct H2 addition requires the continuous application of H2 at high partial pressures, favoring the production of bioavailable organic matter such as acetate to provide a carbon source, electron donor, or both for dechlorinators. Unfortunately, this strategy has proven to be inefficient, with the bulk of the added H2 used to support methanogenesis.     

地聚合物凝胶体系中N-A-S-H和C-A-S-H结构的分子模拟

钙元素对地聚合物凝胶结构的形成影响显著,根据含钙量的不同可分为高钙体系(C-A-S-H)和无钙体系(N-A-S-H).基于Materials Studio软件,用Amorphous Cell(AC)模块构建了N-A-S-H和C-A-S-H凝胶结构模型.在Universal力场下,对2个凝胶结构模型的稳定性、动力学轨迹、微观表征及弹性模量进行了分子动力学模拟.结果表明,构建的N-A-S-H和C-A-S-H凝胶结构模拟值与试验值吻合较好.由于钙元素的存在,无定形态体系出现了向晶体转变的特征,并对地聚合物的力学性能产生正向增益.     

Dark H2 fermentation from sucrose and xylose using H2-producing indigenous bacteria: feasibility and kinetic studies

Cellulosic materials are the major components in biomass feedstock used for bioenergy production. Hydrolytic products of cellulosic substances consist primarily of hexose (e.g., glucose) and pentose (e.g., xylose). In this study, the efficiency of fermentative conversion of sucrose (representing hexose) and xylose into H2 was examined with seven H2-producing pure strains isolated from a high-rate H2-producing system in our recent work. The isolates were identified as Clostridium butyricum (strains CGS2 and CGS5), Clostridium pasteurianum (strains CH1, CH4, CH5, and CH7), and Klebsiella sp. Batch H2 fermentation shows that only Cl. butyricum and Klebsiella sp. strains could utilize xylose for H2 production, while all of them can grow and produce H2 on sucrose. Among all strains examined, Cl. butyricum CGS5 was the best H2 producer on xylose with the highest H2 production rate and yield of 212.5 ml/h/l and 0.73 mol H2/mol xylose, respectively, taking place at 20 g COD/l of xylose. In contrast, Cl. pasteurianum CH4 was most efficient in converting sucrose to H2; the highest H2 production rate (569 ml/h/l) and yield (2.07 mol H2/mol hexose) were obtained at a sucrose concentration of 40 g COD/l. The substrate preference of the H2-producing isolates was consistent with the bacterial community structure that existed in the bioreactor, showing that Cl. butyricum and Cl. pasteurianum were predominant in the cultures grown on xylose and sucrose, respectively. Irrespective of the carbon substrate used, butyrate and acetate were the predominant soluble metabolites. Shake-flask cultures displayed higher H2 productivity over static ones, indicating the importance of efficient mass transfer for H2 production. The dependence of cell growth and H2 production on carbon substrate concentration could be described by the proposed kinetic models with good agreements.     

微量Fe3+对过氧化氢热分解爆炸的影响

采用加速量热仪(ARC)对含微量Fe3+的30%H2O2进行热危险性分析,并与30%H2O2的热分解过程进行对比。结果表明:微量Fe3+的存在对H2O2的分解有一定的催化作用,能降低其低温分解活化能,使其在较低温度下发生缓慢的分解反应,从而导致H2O2浓度逐渐降低,并使随后的绝热自分解反应变慢、完全分解时间变长、分解过程中产生的压升速率和温升速率变低。但是,在相同绝热分解温度下,含微量Fe3+的H2O2分解压力高于纯H2O2的分解压力。     

H3PW12O40-TiO2/膨润土光催化降解甲基橙的催化性能

通过溶胶凝胶制得H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4凝胶,并柱撑于膨润土层间制备了复合光催化剂H3PW12O40TiO2/膨润土。由XRD、SEM、EDS对制备的复合光催化剂进行表征测试表明,固载的H3PW12O40TiO2使膨润土层状结构发生明显变化,柱撑体H3PW12O40TiO2呈弥散状态,且TiO2为锐钛结构,催化剂为颗粒粒径大小不一、分布松散的复合材料。对甲基橙的H3PW12O40TiO2/膨润土光催化降解应用表明,掺杂的杂多酸使所制备的复合催化剂光催化活性得到了极大提高,在光催化体系下有较广的pH适应范围,且制备的催化剂具有良好的催化稳定性。在表征分析及应用实验的基础上,提出了H3PW12O40TiO2/膨润土的强化催化作用原理。     

The fate of heavy oil wastes in soil microcosms. II: A performance assessment of source correlation indices

Chemical fingerprinting is commonly undertaken to assist in the resolution of multi-party liability disputes, particularly when contaminants have migrated beyond property boundaries, in litigation-driven environmental assessments related to oil spills, and in assessing potential environmental impacts following releases of petroleum products into the environment. In this paper, we present data relating to the performance of source correlation indices for selected heavy oils over the course of a 9-month microcosm study. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that hopane pair indices varied little in magnitude, and may therefore be considered reliable source correlation indices. Over the course of the 9-month microcosm study [17 alpha(H)21 beta(H)-norhopane: 17 alpha(H)21 beta(H)-hopane] exhibited mean values of 0.7 +/- 0.1 for a heavy ballast oil, and mean values that varied between 0.6 and 0.7 (+/- 0.05) for a crude oil. Similarly [(17 alpha(H)21 beta(H)-homohopane (22S): 17 alpha(H)21 beta(H)-homohopane (22R)] gave a mean value of 1.3 (precisions less than 0.05) and [17 alpha(H)21 beta(H)-bishomohopane: 17 alpha(H)21 beta(H)-methylhopane] varied between 1.3 and 1.6 (precision up to 0.1) for the same crude oil. These source correlation indices may be used to support a correlation between fresh and weathered oil samples for source identification purposes involving heavy and crude oil contamination of the terrestrial environment.     

施工总承包特级企业资质匹配研究

文章以参与南京市工程建设交易市场房屋建筑工程投标的总承包特级资质企业为研究对象,通过对这些施工总承包特级企业中标的总标段个数与中标总金额、经营成果与其资质等级的匹配程度分析,提出了“资质匹配指数”。研究表明,南京市房屋建筑工程施工招投标市场上很大部分的特级总承包企业资质匹配程度不高,为此,提出了相应的改进措施。     

Biohydrogen production from chemical wastewater treatment in biofilm configured reactor operated in periodic discontinuous batch mode by selectively enriched anaerobic mixed consortia

Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in biofilm configured periodic discontinuous/sequencing batch reactor using chemical wastewater as substrate. Anaerobic mixed consortia was sequentially pretreated with repeated heat-shock (100 degrees C; 2 h) and acid (pH-3.0; 24 h) treatment procedures to selectively enrich the H(2) producing mixed consortia prior to inoculation of the reactor. The bioreactor was operated at mesophilic (room) temperature (28+/-2 degrees C) under acidophilic conditions with a total cycle period of 24 h consisting of FILL (15 min), REACT (23 h), SETTLE (30 min) and DECANT (15 min) phases. Reactor was initially operated with synthetic wastewater (SW) at OLR of 4.8 kg COD/m(3)-day and subsequently operated using composite chemical wastewater (CW) at OLR of 5.6 kg COD/m(3)-day by adjusting pH to 6.0 prior to feeding to inhibit the methanogenic activity. H(2) evolution rate differed significantly with the nature of wastewater used as substrate [SW--volumetric H(2) production rate--12.89 mmol H(2)/m(3)-min and specific H(2) production rate--0.0084 mmol H(2)/min-g COD(L) (0.026 mmol H(2)/min-g COD(R)); CW--volumetric H(2) production rate--6.076 mmol H(2)/m(3)-min and specific H(2) production rate--0.0089 mmol H(2)/min-g COD(L) (0.033 mmol H(2)/min-g COD(R))]. Relatively rapid progress towards higher H(2) yield (2 h) was observed with SW compared to the CW (10 h). Substrate (COD) reduction of 32.4% (substrate degradation rate (SDR)--1.55 kg COD/m(3)-day) and 26.7% (SDR-1.49 kg COD/m(3)-day) was observed with SW and CW, respectively. The system showed rapid stabilization tendency (SW--37 days; CW--40 days) with respect to H(2) generation and COD reduction. H(2) evolution showed relatively good correlation with VFA concentration in the case of SW (R(2)-0.961) compared to CW (R(2)-0.912). A surge in pH values from 5.87 to 4.23 (SW) and 5.93 to 4.62 (CW) was observed during the cycle operation. Integration of biofilm configuration with periodic discontinuous batch operation under the defined operating conditions showed potential to influence the microbial system by selectively enriching the specific group of microflora capable of producing H(2).